Manjaro - User contributions [en]

Arch User Repository/zh-cn

2022-07-15T13:44:54Z

Xiaopangju: Created page with "'''同样，也不能保证任何已安装的软件都能正常工作（如果你已经安装了的话）。'''"

<languages/>
__TOC__
==概述==
{{BoxWarning|自担使用AUR的风险!|Manjaro 团队'''不会'''向遇到 AUR 有关问题的用户提供帮助。当 Manjaro 更新后，来自 AUR 的软件包可能会停止工作。'''这不是 Manjaro 的问题'''}}
尽管 Manjaro 和Arch Linux 很像，并且 Manjaro 就基于它，但在 Manjaro 中访问他们的官方仓库以供使用是不可能的。Manjaro会使用自己的仓库以保证任何软件包都是可访问的且经过实验确保稳定的，例如系统更新和应用程序。但从 '''[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/AUR Arch 用户软件仓库]'''（AUR）安装更多的软件包是可能的。

AUR是由 Arch Linux 用户社区管理的。尽管这个仓库是非官方的，但如果仓库中的软件包足够受欢迎，那么最终是可以进入 Arch Linux 的官方 community 库的。

'''AUR作为社区维护的仓库，存在潜在的风险和问题。'''

使用 AUR 软件包可能会出现的问题：

* 同一个软件包会有两个版本
* 软件包会过时
* 软件包无法使用或只有部分功能可用
* 错误配置的软件包会下载不必要的依赖，或不下载必要的依赖（两种可能同时出现）
* 遇到恶意的软件包（尽管很罕见）。

因此，尽管 AUR 提供的许多软件包都应该可以工作，但不要期望安装过程总是像使用 Manjaro 官方仓库时那样简单。

有些时候，自己可能需要识别并安装依赖（例如安装中断后）。

'''同样，也不能保证任何已安装的软件都能正常工作（如果你已经安装了的话）。'''

{{Important|您应该熟悉手动编译过程，以便做好故障排除的准备。}}

==访问 AUR==
===使用带有 GUI 的 [[Pamac]]===
打开 Pamac ——在启动器中的名字叫做“添加/删除软件”——然后转到首选项页面。您需要输入密码以访问。选择第三方选项卡，然后打开 AUR 支持。请确保你有必要的程序从源代码编译应用程序
{{UserCmd|command=pamac install base-devel git}}

===Using commandline [[Pamac]]===
{{Important|It is '''strongly''' recommended to follow this link [https://aur.archlinux.org/ AUR website] and examine the relevant page(s) for any and all software intended to be installed.}}
These pages contain comments from both existing users and package developers, which may provide valuable information (such as, warnings and/or solutions to problems). To search for and install software packages from the AUR, the syntax is:
{{UserCmd|command=pamac search -a [software package name]}}

For example, if wishing to install ''Google Chrome'' - first follow this link to '''[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/?K=google-chrome all Google Chrome build scripts]''' and verify which package you want to build.Or you can ask pamac - for ''Google Chrome'' candidates. Just use the search command and ''Google Chrome'' as the query. Look over the results or narrow the search parameters - just remember pamac cannot tell you of any issues with build scripts - only the relevant page. E.g. following this link to the '''[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/google-chrome buildscript for Google Chrome]'''
{{UserCmd|command=pamac search Google Chrome}}

In the example we choose the standard version of ''Google Chrome''. To build the ''google-chrome'' package with '''pamac''' enter the following and press enter
{{UserCmd|command=pamac build google-chrome}}

You will be presented with the outcome of the chosen build with all dependencies and you will be asked a couple of questions.
# Query to edit build files. This is a precaution to verify that the build scripts does not contain malicious actions.
# Query to continue download and install dependencies then download the sources, build and install the app.
# You will be asked for your password before anything happens.

===Using GUI [[Octopi]]===
See [[Octopi#Accessing_the_AUR|this guide]] for enabling AUR support in Octopi.

===Installing from the AUR by hand===

====Manual====
To do that follow the steps given below:
* Be sure you have the necessary files for building applications from source

{{UserCmd|command=pamac install base-devel git}}
* Clone the PKGBUILD
{{UserCmd|command=git clone <nowiki>https://aur.archlinux.org/google-chrome.git</nowiki>}}
* Change directory to cloned folder
{{UserCmd|command=cd google-chrome}}
* To make/compile the package, run:
{{UserCmd|command=makepkg -s}}
This will build the package and pull in any dependencies needed. ''Note: it won't pull a dependency from the AUR, only from the Manjaro Repos.''. If you list the folder content
{{UserCmd|command=ls}}
you'll probably find a few new files. You're interested in the one that ends with .pkg.tar.zst
* The final event is running $sudo pacman -U on that file
{{UserCmd|command=sudo pacman -U google-chrome-ver.rel.bugfix.build-pkgrel.pkg.zst}}
And you've done it...the safest way to install from the AUR. This is essentially what most install scripts do for you.

''Note:'' Instead of using ''sudo pacman -U google-chrome-ver.rel.bugfix.build-pkgrel.pkg.zst'' can also use:
{{UserCmd|command=makepkg -i}}
''Note:'' To combine above steps into one:
{{UserCmd|command=makepkg -is}}

===Upgrading the packages installed from the AUR===
The following command will upgrade '''all''' packages on the system including AUR builds
{{UserCmd|command=pamac upgrade -a}}

==See Also==
* [http://wiki.manjaro.org/index.php?title=Pacman Pacman]
* [http://wiki.manjaro.org/index.php?title=Pacman_Tips Pacman Tips]

[[Category:Contents Page{{#translation:}}]]
[[Category:Software Management{{#translation:}}]]

Translations:Arch User Repository/50/zh-cn

2022-06-18T06:42:02Z

Xiaopangju: Created page with "==访问 AUR== ===使用带有 GUI 的 Pamac=== 打开 Pamac ——在启动器中的名字叫做“添加/删除软件”——然后转到首选项页面。您需要输..."

==访问 AUR==
===使用带有 GUI 的 [[Pamac]]===
打开 Pamac ——在启动器中的名字叫做“添加/删除软件”——然后转到首选项页面。您需要输入密码以访问。选择第三方选项卡，然后打开 AUR 支持。请确保你有必要的程序从源代码编译应用程序
{{UserCmd|command=pamac install base-devel git}}

Translations:Arch User Repository/63/zh-cn

2022-06-18T06:34:39Z

Xiaopangju: Created page with "{{Important|您应该熟悉手动编译过程，以便做好故障排除的准备。}}"

Translations:Arch User Repository/49/zh-cn

2022-06-18T06:34:04Z

Xiaopangju: Created page with "'''同样，也不能保证任何已安装的软件都能正常工作（如果你已经安装了的话）。'''"

'''同样，也不能保证任何已安装的软件都能正常工作（如果你已经安装了的话）。'''

Translations:Arch User Repository/48/zh-cn

2022-06-18T06:33:23Z

Xiaopangju: Created page with "有些时候，自己可能需要识别并安装依赖（例如安装中断后）。"

有些时候，自己可能需要识别并安装依赖（例如安装中断后）。

Translations:Arch User Repository/47/zh-cn

2022-06-18T06:32:05Z

Xiaopangju: Created page with "因此，尽管 AUR 提供的许多软件包都应该可以工作，但不要期望安装过程总是像使用 Manjaro 官方仓库时那样简单。"

因此，尽管 AUR 提供的许多软件包都应该可以工作，但不要期望安装过程总是像使用 Manjaro 官方仓库时那样简单。

Translations:Arch User Repository/46/zh-cn

2022-06-18T06:31:12Z

Xiaopangju: Created page with "* 同一个软件包会有两个版本 * 软件包会过时 * 软件包无法使用或只有部分功能可用 * 错误配置的软件包会下载不必要的依赖，或不..."

* 同一个软件包会有两个版本
* 软件包会过时
* 软件包无法使用或只有部分功能可用
* 错误配置的软件包会下载不必要的依赖，或不下载必要的依赖（两种可能同时出现）
* 遇到恶意的软件包（尽管很罕见）。

Translations:Arch User Repository/45/zh-cn

2022-06-18T06:28:18Z

Xiaopangju: Created page with "使用 AUR 软件包可能会出现的问题："

使用 AUR 软件包可能会出现的问题：

Translations:Arch User Repository/44/zh-cn

2022-06-18T06:27:52Z

Xiaopangju: Created page with "'''AUR作为社区维护的仓库，存在潜在的风险和问题。'''"

'''AUR作为社区维护的仓库，存在潜在的风险和问题。'''

Translations:Arch User Repository/43/zh-cn

2022-06-18T06:27:03Z

Xiaopangju: Created page with "AUR是由 Arch Linux 用户社区管理的。尽管这个仓库是非官方的，但如果仓库中的软件包足够受欢迎，那么最终是可以进入 Arch Linux 的官..."

AUR是由 Arch Linux 用户社区管理的。尽管这个仓库是非官方的，但如果仓库中的软件包足够受欢迎，那么最终是可以进入 Arch Linux 的官方 community 库的。

Arch User Repository/zh-cn

2022-07-15T13:43:52Z

Xiaopangju:

<languages/>
__TOC__
==概述==
{{BoxWarning|自担使用AUR的风险!|Manjaro 团队'''不会'''向遇到 AUR 有关问题的用户提供帮助。当 Manjaro 更新后，来自 AUR 的软件包可能会停止工作。'''这不是 Manjaro 的问题'''}}
尽管 Manjaro 和Arch Linux 很像，并且 Manjaro 就基于它，但在 Manjaro 中访问他们的官方仓库以供使用是不可能的。Manjaro会使用自己的仓库以保证任何软件包都是可访问的且经过实验确保稳定的，例如系统更新和应用程序。但从 '''[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/AUR Arch 用户软件仓库]'''（AUR）安装更多的软件包是可能的。

The AUR is managed by the Arch Linux user community itself. Although this repository is unofficial, software packages first placed here can eventually make their way into Arch Linux's official (community) repository if they become popular enough.

'''AUR, as a community maintained repository, present potential risks and problems.'''

Possible risks using AUR packages:

* Multiple versions of the same packages.
* Out of date packages.
* Broken or only partially working packages.
* Improperly configured packages which download unnecessary dependencies, or do not download necessary dependencies, or both.
* Malicious packages (although extremely rare).

As such, although much of the software packages provided by the AUR should work, do not expect the installation process to always be quite as straight-forward as when you are using the official Manjaro repositories.

On occasion, it may be necessary to manually identify and install dependencies yourself (such as, after an aborted installation attempt).

'''Again, there is no guarantee that any installed software will work properly, if at all.'''

{{Important|You should become familiar with the manual build process in order to be prepared to troubleshoot problems.}}

==Accessing the AUR==
===Using GUI [[Pamac]]===
Open Pamac - the name in menu is ''Add/Remove Software'' and navigate to the Preferences page. You will be required to enter your password to access it.At Preferences page → select the Third Party tab → and move the slider to enable AUR support. Be sure you have the necessary files for building applications from source
{{UserCmd|command=pamac install base-devel git}}

===Using commandline [[Pamac]]===
{{Important|It is '''strongly''' recommended to follow this link [https://aur.archlinux.org/ AUR website] and examine the relevant page(s) for any and all software intended to be installed.}}
These pages contain comments from both existing users and package developers, which may provide valuable information (such as, warnings and/or solutions to problems). To search for and install software packages from the AUR, the syntax is:
{{UserCmd|command=pamac search -a [software package name]}}

For example, if wishing to install ''Google Chrome'' - first follow this link to '''[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/?K=google-chrome all Google Chrome build scripts]''' and verify which package you want to build.Or you can ask pamac - for ''Google Chrome'' candidates. Just use the search command and ''Google Chrome'' as the query. Look over the results or narrow the search parameters - just remember pamac cannot tell you of any issues with build scripts - only the relevant page. E.g. following this link to the '''[https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/google-chrome buildscript for Google Chrome]'''
{{UserCmd|command=pamac search Google Chrome}}

In the example we choose the standard version of ''Google Chrome''. To build the ''google-chrome'' package with '''pamac''' enter the following and press enter
{{UserCmd|command=pamac build google-chrome}}

You will be presented with the outcome of the chosen build with all dependencies and you will be asked a couple of questions.
# Query to edit build files. This is a precaution to verify that the build scripts does not contain malicious actions.
# Query to continue download and install dependencies then download the sources, build and install the app.
# You will be asked for your password before anything happens.

===Using GUI [[Octopi]]===
See [[Octopi#Accessing_the_AUR|this guide]] for enabling AUR support in Octopi.

===Installing from the AUR by hand===

====Manual====
To do that follow the steps given below:
* Be sure you have the necessary files for building applications from source

{{UserCmd|command=pamac install base-devel git}}
* Clone the PKGBUILD
{{UserCmd|command=git clone <nowiki>https://aur.archlinux.org/google-chrome.git</nowiki>}}
* Change directory to cloned folder
{{UserCmd|command=cd google-chrome}}
* To make/compile the package, run:
{{UserCmd|command=makepkg -s}}
This will build the package and pull in any dependencies needed. ''Note: it won't pull a dependency from the AUR, only from the Manjaro Repos.''. If you list the folder content
{{UserCmd|command=ls}}
you'll probably find a few new files. You're interested in the one that ends with .pkg.tar.zst
* The final event is running $sudo pacman -U on that file
{{UserCmd|command=sudo pacman -U google-chrome-ver.rel.bugfix.build-pkgrel.pkg.zst}}
And you've done it...the safest way to install from the AUR. This is essentially what most install scripts do for you.

''Note:'' Instead of using ''sudo pacman -U google-chrome-ver.rel.bugfix.build-pkgrel.pkg.zst'' can also use:
{{UserCmd|command=makepkg -i}}
''Note:'' To combine above steps into one:
{{UserCmd|command=makepkg -is}}

===Upgrading the packages installed from the AUR===
The following command will upgrade '''all''' packages on the system including AUR builds
{{UserCmd|command=pamac upgrade -a}}

==See Also==
* [http://wiki.manjaro.org/index.php?title=Pacman Pacman]
* [http://wiki.manjaro.org/index.php?title=Pacman_Tips Pacman Tips]

[[Category:Contents Page{{#translation:}}]]
[[Category:Software Management{{#translation:}}]]

Translations:Arch User Repository/42/zh-cn

2022-06-18T06:24:35Z

Xiaopangju:

==概述==
{{BoxWarning|自担使用AUR的风险!|Manjaro 团队'''不会'''向遇到 AUR 有关问题的用户提供帮助。当 Manjaro 更新后，来自 AUR 的软件包可能会停止工作。'''这不是 Manjaro 的问题'''}}
尽管 Manjaro 和Arch Linux 很像，并且 Manjaro 就基于它，但在 Manjaro 中访问他们的官方仓库以供使用是不可能的。Manjaro会使用自己的仓库以保证任何软件包都是可访问的且经过实验确保稳定的，例如系统更新和应用程序。但从 '''[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/AUR Arch 用户软件仓库]'''（AUR）安装更多的软件包是可能的。

Firewalls/zh-cn

2022-05-25T05:00:06Z

Xiaopangju:

<languages/>
__TOC__

==绪论==

建议您运行本地防火墙，即使您已经处于网络防火墙的保护之下。本地防火墙将保护你免受内网中威胁的影响。

==不复杂的防火墙（Uncomplicated FireWall）==

UFW表示简单的防火墙，作为一个对netfilter防火墙的的包装。它提供了一个命令行界面，旨在简单易用。UFW远比iptables更加简单；除非你有特殊需求，使用UFW是最佳选择。

==安装UFW==

您可以使用任何包管理器安装{{ic|ufw}},如 {{UserCmd|command=pamac install ufw}}

<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
一旦UFW安装好了，您需要使用一下命令启动您的防火墙：
sudo systemctl enable ufw.service
sudo ufw enable
</div>

{{warning|iptables.service 和 ufw.service 是冲突的，不要同时启用他们}}

==添加规则==

<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
想要看见目前的设置，可以输入 {{ic|ufw status}}。如果您是第一次安装，命令行中应当有如下输出：
<pre>
sudo ufw status verbose
Status: active
Logging: on (low)
Default: deny (incoming), allow (outgoing), disabled (routed)
New profiles: skip
</pre>
</div>

{{UserCmdOutput|command=sudo ufw status verbose|result=
<pre>Status: active
Logging: on (low)
Default: deny (incoming), allow (outgoing), disabled (routed)
New profiles: skip</pre>
}}

<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
这表示它将阻止所有传入流量并允许所有传出流量。这在大多数情况下是一个很好的起点。但是，您通常希望允许一些传入的流量。这可以通过命令{{ic | UFW允许}}来完成。例如，如果您想要允许传入的SSH流量，所以您可以从网络上的其他机器连接到这台机器，您可以使用：
sudo ufw allow ssh
</div>

If we wanted to also tcp connections to a local webserver on a non-standard https port, 8443. We could use the command:
{{UserCmd|command=sudo ufw allow in 8443/tcp}}

{{tip|When you don't specify "in" or "out", "in" is assumed}}

==UFW and Applications==

You may notice a difference in the above two commands. When we built the rules for ssh we used the name and for https we used the port number, 8443. This is because UFW has a small database of applications it knows the ports for. You can see the list with the command:
{{UserCmd|command=sudo ufw app list}}

For applications on the list you can add them by name. If you want to review the configuration for one of the applications, you can use the command {{ic|ufw app info}}. For example, to the configuration for ssh:

{{UserCmdOutput|command=sudo ufw app info SSH|result=
<pre>Profile: SSH
Title: SSH server
Description: SSH server

Port:
22/tcp</pre>
}}

{{tip|When using ufw app the commands are case sensitive but when adding rules they are not}}

Some additional preconfigured applications can be added by installing the package {{ic|ufw-extras}} with your favorite package manager or the command:
{{UserCmd|command=pamac install ufw-extras}}

==Removing Rules==

Rules can be removed with the {{ic|ufw delete}} command. For example, to delete our 8443 rules we could use the command:
{{UserCmd|command=sudo ufw delete allow 8443/tcp}}

You can also delete them by number. This is easier if you have a numbered list which you can see with the command:

{{UserCmdOutput|command=sudo ufw status numbered|result=
<pre>Status: active
To Action From
-- ------ ----
[ 1] 22 ALLOW IN Anywhere
[ 2] 22 (v6) ALLOW IN Anywhere (v6)
</pre>}}

Now if we wanted to stop allowing ssh on ipv6 we could use the command:
{{UserCmd|command=sudo ufw delete 2}}

==GUFW==
[[File:gufw.jpg|thumb|left|240px]]

Prefer to use GUI applications and still want to manage your firewall? No problem. GUFW is a GTK front-end for UFW that aims to make managing a Linux firewall as accessible and easy as possible. It features pre-sets for common ports and p2p applications.

If it is not installed already gufw can be installed from the repos:
{{UserCmd|command=pamac install gufw}}

It will now be available in the menu as '''Firewall Configuration''' or by running {{ic|gufw}} directly.
<div style="clear: both"></div>

=iptables=

iptables is included as part of the Linux kernel. iptables is significantly more complicated than using a tool like UFW. As a result, a full tutorial on iptables is beyond the scope of this wiki. Using iptables on Manjaro should be the same for every distribution of Linux so there is plenty of available documentation. Some of this is linked [[Firewalls#See_Also|below]]. Here are some basics to get you started.

To enable loading rules on startup you can use the command:
{{UserCmd|command=sudo systemctl enable iptables.service}}

This will load the rules from the file {{ic|/etc/iptables/iptables.rules}}.

To display the currently loaded rules:
{{UserCmd|command=sudo iptables -L}}

To save the current rules to a file
{{UserCmd|command=sudo sh -c "iptables-save > /etc/iptables/iptables.rules"}}

To load the rules from a file
{{UserCmd|command=sudo sh -c "iptables-restore > /etc/iptables/iptables.rules"}}

To allow ssh connections
{{UserCmd|command=sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -m conntrack --ctstate NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT}}
{{UserCmd|command=sudo iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --sport 22 -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT}}

=See Also=
* The Arch Wiki on [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Ufw UFW]
* The [https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UFW UFW website]
* The [http://gufw.org/ GUFW website]
* The [https://linux.die.net/man/8/iptables iptables man page]
* The Arch Wiki on [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/iptables iptables]
* The Debian Wiki on [https://wiki.debian.org/iptables iptables]

[[Category:Contents Page{{#translation:}}]]
[[Category:Security{{#translation:}}]]

Install Desktop Environments/zh-cn

2022-05-25T05:00:42Z

Xiaopangju: Created page with "Manjaro 有几种可用的桌面环境和窗口管理器，每种都有其独特的风格、界面和功能。另外，在有需求的情况下，可以安装多个桌面环..."

<languages/>
__TOC__

== 简介 ==

Manjaro 有几种可用的桌面环境和窗口管理器，每种都有其独特的风格、界面和功能。另外，在有需求的情况下，可以安装多个桌面环境，可以在任何时候在登录界面切换。用户并不被限定使用预先安装的风格。

= 桌面环境 =

值得注意的是，桌面环境（DE）不是独立存在的；它实际上是一起工作的不同组件的集合。这通常包括：

* '''窗口管理器''' 用于显示、移动和改变窗口尺寸
* '''文件管理器''' 用于在图形化界面中浏览、复制和访问文件等
* '''背景显示器''' 用于显示壁纸等
* '''面板''' 提供菜单以显示信息（例如时间）
* '''设置/配置管理器''' 改变桌面环境的外观

And so on. Most desktop environments will also come with their own preferred applications, in addition to various widgets, addons, and extensions to provide extra features. As such, upon entering the commands provided below in your terminal to download and install a desktop environment, you may be prompted to choose from a selection of components provided for it. '''To install a full desktop environment''' - complete with its own preferred file manager, applications, and so on

Where additional (and optional) extras for a desktop environment are available, the terminal commands to obtain these have also been provided.

Some important information about installing the Manjaro settings packages:
* The Manjaro settings packages contain the theming and settings to make the desktop the same as in the Manjaro ISOs
* They have the naming convention manjaro-<desktop>-settings i.e. manjaro-xfce-settings
* They share files so you can only have one at a time installed.
* If you are coming from gnome you must remove the meta package '''manjaro-gnome-assets''' before you can install the settings package for another desktop

==The Risks of Using Multiple DEs==

Installing multiple DEs is not without risks. Here are some things that can pop-up when running more than one DE:
* The settings packages overlap so you can only have one DE pre-configured with the Manjaro theming. The others will need to have the theming applied manually.
* You can end up with more than one instance of similar applications. For example, it is common to end up with 2 Bluetooth managers. It takes some tweaking to get a single manager working in multiple DEs
* Sometimes two different DEs will share the same configuration files causing strange things to happen, especially with theming

These risks are greatly reduced by using a different user account for each DE.

In summary, running multiple DEs is possible and a great way to enjoy Manjaro but it requires a willingness to troubleshoot and work through minor problems. If you are the type of person who wants everything to "just work" out of the box, running multiple DEs might not be for you.

== XFCE ==

[[File: xfceDE.png|thumb|left|375px]]

'''[http://xfce.org/ XFCE]''' is a lightweight and versatile desktop environment that utilises a classic drop-down or pop-up menu to access applications. It is also compatible with '''[[Compiz_and_Emerald|Compiz]]'''. A little time and effort will also be required to properly customise the desktop to suit personal taste. A 64 bit installation of Manjaro running XFCE uses about 390MB of memory. As of version 18, Manjaro has moved to the gtk3 version of XFCE.

====== Install a basic XFCE environment ======

sudo pacman -S xfce4-gtk3 xfce4-goodies xfce4-terminal network-manager-applet xfce4-notifyd-gtk3 xfce4-whiskermenu-plugin-gtk3 tumbler engrampa

====== Optional: Install and use LightDM, the recommended display manager for XFCE ======
sudo pacman -S lightdm lightdm-gtk-greeter lightdm-gtk-greeter-settings
sudo systemctl enable lightdm.service --force
edit '''/etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf''', under [Seat:*] replace the greeter-session setting with '''greeter-session=lightdm-gtk-greeter'''

====== Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration and theming for XFCE ======
sudo pacman -S manjaro-xfce-gtk3-settings manjaro-settings-manager

To configure LightDM to match the official iso replace the contents of /etc/lightdm/lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf with
[greeter]
background = /usr/share/backgrounds/illyria-default-lockscreen.jpg
font-name = Cantarell Bold 12
xft-antialias = true
icon-theme-name = Papirus
screensaver-timeout = 60
theme-name = Matcha-azul
cursor-theme-name = xcursor-breeze
show-clock = false
default-user-image = #avatar-default
xft-hintstyle = hintfull
position = 50%,center 50%,center
clock-format =
panel-position = bottom
indicators = ~host;~spacer;~clock;~spacer;~language;~session;~a11y;~power

====== Create a new user for the new desktop environment ======
sudo useradd -mG lp,network,power,sys,wheel <username>
sudo passwd <username>

<br clear="all" />

== KDE Plasma 5 ==
[[File: KDEPlasmaDE.png|thumb|left|375px]]

'''[http://www.kde.org/ The KDE community]''' offers [https://www.kde.org/plasma-desktop Plasma], a feature-rich and versatile desktop environment that provides several different styles of menu to access applications. Its default window manager is kwin, but is also compatible with '''[[Compiz_and_Emerald|Compiz]]'''. An excellent built-in interface to easily access and install new themes, widgets, etc, from the internet is also worth mentioning. A 64 bit installation of Manjaro running KDE uses about 455MB of memory.

====== Install a basic KDE Plasma environment ======

sudo pacman -S plasma kio-extras

====== Optional: Install KDE applications ======

To install a full set of K* applications use '''kde-applications'''. This will be ~300 packages(including dependencies)

sudo pacman -S kde-applications

====== Optional: Install and use [https://wiki.manjaro.org/index.php?title=Install_Display_Managers#SDDM SDDM], the recommended display manager for KDE ======

SDDM is installed as a dependency of plasma. To enable it

systemctl enable sddm.service --force
systemctl reboot

====== Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration and theming for plasma ======

sudo pacman -S manjaro-kde-settings sddm-breath-theme manjaro-settings-manager-knotifier manjaro-settings-manager-kcm

Open plasma settings, go to Startup & Shutdown->Login Screen and select "Breath"

Alternatively, the newer themes may be installed with:

sudo pacman -S breath2-icon-themes breath2-wallpaper plasma5-themes-breath2 sddm-breath2-theme

====== Create a new user for the new desktop environment ======

sudo useradd -mG lp,network,power,sys,wheel <username>
sudo passwd <username>

<br clear="all" />

== Gnome 3 ==
[[File: Gnome-de-18.jpg|thumb|left|375px]]

'''[http://www.gnome.org/ Gnome 3]''' is an intuitive desktop environment that utilises a tablet or smartphone style interface to access applications. It is not compatible with compiz. Although Gnome is very easy to learn and use, its customisation options are quite limited, and it can be difficult to configure. A 64 bit installation of Manjaro running Gnome uses about 447MB of memory.

====== Install a basic gnome environment ======

sudo pacman -S gnome

====== Optional: To install extra themes, games, and features ======

sudo pacman -S gnome-extra

====== Optional: Install and use GDM, the recommended display manager for gnome ======

GDM is installed as a dependency of gnome, to enable it

systemctl enable gdm.service --force

====== Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration and theming for gnome ======

sudo pacman -S manjaro-gnome-assets manjaro-gdm-theme manjaro-settings-manager

====== Create a new user for the new desktop environment ======
sudo useradd -mG lp,network,power,sys,wheel <username>
sudo passwd <username>

<br clear="all" />

== Budgie ==
[[File: budgie.jpg|thumb|left|375px]]

The '''[https://github.com/solus-project/budgie-desktop Budgie Desktop]''' is a modern desktop designed to keep out the way of the user. It features heavy integration with the GNOME stack in order for an enhanced experience. A 64 bit installation of Manjaro running budgie uses about 632MB of memory.

====== Install a basic budgie environment ======

sudo pacman -S budgie-desktop network-manager-applet gnome-control-center gnome-screensaver

====== Optional: Install additional commonly used components ======
sudo pacman -S gnome-terminal nautilus budgie-extras dconf-editor

====== Optional: Install and use LightDM, the recommended display manager for budgie ======

sudo pacman -S lightdm lightdm-slick-greeter lightdm-settings
systemctl enable lightdm.service --force
edit ''/etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf'', under '''[Seat:*]''' replace the greeter-session setting with '''greeter-session=lightdm-slick-greeter'''

====== Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration and theming for budgie ======

sudo pacman -S manjaro-budgie-settings manjaro-settings-manager papirus-maia-icon-theme

To configure LightDM to match the official iso replace the contents of /etc/lightdm/slick-greeter.conf with
[Greeter]
background=/usr/share/backgrounds/manjaro-budgie/manjaro-budgie.jpg
theme-name=Matcha-sea
icon-theme-name=Papirus-Maia
draw-grid=false

====== Create a new user for the new desktop environment ======

sudo useradd -mG lp,network,power,sys,wheel <username>
sudo passwd <username>

<br clear="all" />

== Cinnamon ==
[[File: Cinnamon screenshot.jpeg|thumb|left|375px]]

'''[http://cinnamon.linuxmint.com/ Cinnamon]''' is a desktop environment based on Gnome 3 that utilises a large panel-style menu to access applications. It is not compatible with compiz. Despite being based on Gnome, it has more customisation options and is easier to configure. Users of Windows Vista or Windows 7 may find Cinnamon's interface comfortably familiar. A 64 bit installation of Manjaro running Cinnamon uses about 665MB of memory.

====== Install a basic cinnamon environment ======

sudo pacman -S cinnamon

====== Optional: Install additional commonly used components ======

sudo pacman -S cinnamon-wallpapers cinnamon-sounds gnome-terminal parcellite

====== Optional: Install and use LightDM, the recommended display manager for cinnamon ======

sudo pacman -S lightdm lightdm-slick-greeter lightdm-settings
systemctl enable lightdm.service --force

Then edit ''/etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf'', under '''[Seat:*]''' replace the greeter-session setting with '''greeter-session=lightdm-slick-greeter'''

====== Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration and theming for cinnamon ======

sudo pacman -S manjaro-cinnamon-settings adapta-maia-theme kvantum-manjaro

To configure LightDM to match the community edition replace the contents of /etc/lightdm/slick-greeter.conf with
[Greeter]
background=/usr/share/backgrounds/greeter_default.jpg
background-color=#263138
draw-grid=false
theme-name=Adapta-Nokto-Eta-Maia
icon-theme-name=Papirus-Dark-Maia
font-name='Cantarell 11'
xft-antialias=true
xft-hintstyle=hintfull
enable-hidpi=auto

Set the Manjaro logo on the panel by right-clicking on the menu and clicking configure. Select "Use a custom icon and label". Select the Manjaro icon.

====== Create a new user for the new desktop environment ======
sudo useradd -mG lp,network,power,sys,wheel <username>
sudo passwd <username>

<br clear="all" />

== Deepin ==
[[File: deepin.jpg|thumb|left|375px]]
The '''[https://www.deepin.org/en/dde/ Deepin Desktop]''' is an elegant, easy to use desktop. It is lightly configurable. A 64 bit installation of Manjaro running deepin uses about 525MB of memory.

====== Install a basic deepin environment ======

sudo pacman -S deepin

====== Optional: Install the deepin applications suite ======

sudo pacman -S deepin-extra

====== Optional: Install and use LightDM, the recommended display manager for deepin======

sudo pacman -S lightdm
systemctl enable lightdm.service --force

Then edit ''/etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf'', under '''[Seat:*]''' replace the greeter-session setting with '''greeter-session=lightdm-deepin-greeter'''

====== Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration and theming for deepin ======

sudo pacman -S deepin-manjaro

====== Create a new user for the new desktop environment ======

sudo useradd -mG lp,network,power,sys,wheel <username>
sudo passwd <username>

<br clear="all" />

== Enlightenment ==
{{note|There is not currently a Manjaro settings package for Enlightenment|}}
[[File: E20-Green_Onix_760.png|thumb|left|375px]]

'''[http://www.enlightenment.org/ Enlightenment]''', sometimes known simply as E, is a lightweight desktop environment known for its configurability and tools for creating beautiful user interfaces using its Enlightenment Foundation Libraries (EFL). E started in 1997 as a stacking windows manager, emerging as a desktop environment with development release 0.17. E does not come with a broad array of tools by default, which can be an advantage for experienced users who want to customize their installation, and a disadvantage for users with little or no experience of Linux. E uses a few unique terms, for example referring to panels as “shelves”. A 64-bit installation of E uses about 160M of memory.

====== Install a basic E environment ======

sudo pacman -S enlightenment

====== Optional: Install and use Entrance, the recommended display manager for E ======
Entrance is available from the AUR in the package '''entrance-git'''. Information on how to install packages from AUR can be found '''[https://wiki.manjaro.org/index.php/Arch_User_Repository here]'''.

$ sudo pacman -S --asdeps meson
$ pamac build entrance-git
$ sudo systemctl enable entrance.service --force

====== Optional: Install Manjaro themes for E ======
sudo pacman -S enlightenment-manjaro-themes

====== Create a new user for the new desktop environment ======
sudo useradd -mG lp,network,power,sys,wheel <username>
sudo passwd <username>

<br clear="all" />

== LXDE ==

{{Note|Installing LXDE will also result in installing ''Openbox'' as its default window manager. The LXDM display manager will also be downloaded, although it will be necessary to enable this yourself if you wish to replace your existing display manager.}}
[[File: lxde17.1.11.jpg|thumb|left|375px]]

'''[http://lxde.org/ LXDE]''' is a super-lightweight desktop environment that is very similar to XFCE, with the exception that it is not compatible with Compiz. As with XFCE, LXDE is also a somewhat basic desktop environment, lacking some modern features that would be expected, such as a search-bar to find applications and files. However, it is also an excellent choice for less powerful computers.

====== Install a basic lxde environment ======

sudo pacman -S lxde network-manager-applet

====== Optional: Install and use LightDM, the recommended display manager for lxde ======

sudo pacman -S lightdm lightdm-gtk-greeter lightdm-gtk-greeter-settings
systemctl enable lightdm.service --force

====== Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration and theming for lxde ======

sudo pacman -S manjaro-lxde-logout-banner manjaro-lxde-xfce4-notifyd manjaro-lxde-xfce4-volumed-pulse manjaro-settings-manager manjaro-settings-manager-notifier manjaro-lxde-settings arc-maia-icon-theme kvantum-manjaro

To configure LightDM to match the community edition replace the contents of /etc/lightdm/lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf with
[greeter]
background = /usr/share/backgrounds/lxde-breath.png
font-name = Cantarell 12
xft-antialias = true
icon-theme-name = Arc-Maia
screensaver-timeout = 60
theme-name = Adapta-Eta-Maia
cursor-theme-name = xcursor-breeze
show-clock = false
default-user-image = #avatar-default
xft-hintstyle = hintfull
position = 50%,center 50%,center
clock-format =
panel-position = bottom

====== Create a new user for the new desktop environment ======

sudo useradd -mG lp,network,power,sys,wheel <username>
sudo passwd <username>

<br clear="all" />

== LXQt ==

[[File: Lxqt-de-18.png|thumb|left|375px]]

The '''[https://lxqt.org/ LXQt Desktop Environment]''' LXQt is a lightweight Qt desktop environment. It will not get in your way. It will not hang or slow down your system. It is focused on being a classic desktop with a modern look and feel. A 64 bit installation of Manjaro running lxqt uses about 250MB of memory.

====== Install a basic LXQt environment ======
sudo pacman -S lxqt xscreensaver

====== Install and use LightDM, the recommended display manager for LXQt ======
sudo pacman -S lightdm lightdm-slick-greeter lightdm-settings light-locker
systemctl enable lightdm.service --force
edit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf, under [Seat:*] replace the greeter-session setting with greeter-session=lightdm-slick-greeter

====== Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration and theming for LXQt ======
sudo pacman -S manjaro-lxqt-extra-settings manjaro-openbox-adapta-maia papirus-maia-icon-theme

====== Create a new user for the new desktop environment ======
sudo useradd -mG lp,network,power,sys,wheel <username>
sudo passwd <username>

<br clear="all" />

== MATE ==

[[File: mate.jpg|thumb|left|375px]]

The '''[https://mate-desktop.org/ MATE Desktop]''' Environment is the continuation of GNOME 2. It provides an intuitive and attractive desktop environment using traditional metaphors for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. MATE is under active development to add support for new technologies while preserving a traditional desktop experience. A 64 bit installation of Manjaro running MATE uses about 378MB of memory.

====== Install a basic mate environment ======

sudo pacman -S mate network-manager-applet

====== Optional: Install mate applications and configuration tools ======
sudo pacman -S mate-extra dconf-editor

====== Optional: Install and use LightDM, the recommended display manager for mate ======
sudo pacman -S lightdm lightdm-slick-greeter lightdm-settings
systemctl enable lightdm.service --force
edit '''/etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf''', under [Seat:*] replace the greeter-session setting with '''greeter-session=lightdm-slick-greeter'''

====== Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration and theming for mate ======
sudo pacman -S manjaro-mate-settings arc-maia-icon-theme papirus-maia-icon-theme manjaro-settings-manager manjaro-settings-manager-notifier

To configure LightDM to match the community edition replace the contents of /etc/lightdm/slick-greeter.conf with
[Greeter]
background=/usr/share/backgrounds/manjaro-mate/manjaro-mate.jpg
theme-name=Adapta-Nokto-Maia
icon-theme-name=Arc-Maia
draw-grid=false

====== Create a new user for the new desktop environment ======
sudo useradd -mG lp,network,power,sys,wheel <username>
sudo passwd <username>

<br clear="all" />

= Window Managers =

{{note|By nature, building your own desktop environment from a Window Manager will take substantially more time and effort than simply downloading a pre-defined desktop environment.}}

{{warning|The images provided below are purely for illustrative purposes only. You will have you put in the necessary time and effort to configure them.}}

Although Desktop Environments commonly provide a good range of customisation options to suit personal taste and preference, they may still be seen as somewhat restrictive or controlled in the sense that they merely allow for the personalisation of their pre-defined components. However, certain Window Managers empower users to take a 'do it yourself' approach in order to create their own desktop environments. In essence, they may be used as a foundation on which to build upon, as literally every component and every aspect of the desktop is under the direct control and choice of the user. An environment may be as elaborate or as minimalistic as desired, and it is even possible to mix and match various components from other desktop environments.

Therefore extremely powerful and versatile, these window managers also carry the additional benefit of being faster and more resource efficient than pre-defined desktop environments. Interestingly, the super-lightweight LXDE environment is itself built on the Openbox window manager. There are two types of Window Manager: '''Stacking''' and '''Tiling'''. These names denote how application windows will behave on your desktop.

== Stacking Window Managers ==

'''Stacking window managers''' are by far the most popular, and essentially allow application windows to be moved freely around the screen, which may overlap - or 'stack' - upon one another, hence the name. All popular desktop environments (e.g. XFCE, KDE, Gnome, etc.) use stacking window Managers.

=== Openbox ===

[[File: manjarobox.png|thumb|left|375px]]

'''[http://openbox.org/ Openbox]''' is by far the most popular Window Manager available. Due to its popularity there is excellent documentation available, as well as a good choice of additional themes that may be downloaded. '''To install Openbox, enter the command:'''

sudo pacman -S openbox

To install a logout script, configuration application, menu-editor, and extra themes for Openbox, enter the following command:

sudo pacman -S oblogout obconf lxappearance-obconf-gtk3 obmenu openbox-themes-extra

====== Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration, theming, and tools for Openbox ======

sudo pacman -S oblogout-manjaro manjaro-openbox-config manjaro-openbox-scripts manjaro-openbox-fonts matcha-gtk-theme
<br clear="all" />

=== FluxBox ===

[[File: fluxbox2.png|thumb|left|375px]]

'''[http://fluxbox.org/ FluxBox]''' is another popular Window Manager. It is particularly notable for providing some features not seen in Openbox, such as ''tabbing'', which allows for windows to be grouped together. '''To install FluxBox, enter the command''':

sudo pacman -S fluxbox

====== Optional: Install the newsfetcher and workspace pager for Fluxbox ======

sudo pacman -S fbnews fluxter

====== Optional: Install the Manjaro configuration, theming, and tools for Fluxbox ======

sudo pacman -S fbmenu-manjaro oblogout-manjaro artwork-fluxbox fluxboxtheme-manjaro
<br clear="all" />

=== IceWM ===

[[File: icewm2.jpg|thumb|left|375px]]

'''[https://www.ice-wm.org/ IceWM]''' is a Window Manager notable for perhaps being closer to a full desktop environment than Openbox or FluxBox. This includes providing a panel complete with menu, in addition to a workspace switcher. '''To install IceWM, enter the command''':

sudo pacman -S icewm

To install a suite of tools and themes specifically for IceWM, enter the command:

sudo pacman -S icewm-utils icewm-themes
<br clear="all" />

== Tiling Window Managers ==

'''Tiling window managers''' - as the name would suggest - tile application windows; each will have their own place on the screen, just like conventional tiles do not overlap. However, unlike conventional tiling, these window managers are usually very flexible, and allow for a multitude of different tiling patterns to suit personal taste and preference. Where stacking window managers focus on using the mouse for navigation, tiling window managers focus on the utilisation of the keyboard instead. As such, they can be much faster to use.

=== Awesome ===

[[File: awesome.png|thumb|left|375px]]

'''[http://awesome.naquadah.org/ Awesome]''' is a popular tiling Window Manager, notable for using the '''Lua''' language for configuration. '''To install Awesome, enter the command''':

sudo pacman -S awesome

To install some extra widgets for Awesome, enter the command:

sudo pacman -S vicious

Alternatively you can install the [[Awesome Community Edition]].
<br clear="all" />

=== i3 ===

[[File: i3wm.png|thumb|left|375px]]

'''[http://i3wm.org/ i3]''' is arguably the most popular tiling window manager available, and notable for using a single, completely self-contained configuration file. '''To install i3, enter the command''':

sudo pacman -S i3-wm

To install a status bar and screen-locker for i3, enter the command:

sudo pacman -S i3lock i3status
<br clear="all" />

[[Category:Contents Page{{#translation:}}]]
[[Category:Editions{{#translation:}}]]

Translations:Install Desktop Environments/5/zh-cn

2022-05-23T12:29:30Z

Xiaopangju: Created page with "* '''窗口管理器''' 用于显示、移动和改变窗口尺寸 * '''文件管理器''' 用于在图形化界面中浏览、复制和访问文件等 * '''背景显示器''..."

* '''窗口管理器''' 用于显示、移动和改变窗口尺寸
* '''文件管理器''' 用于在图形化界面中浏览、复制和访问文件等
* '''背景显示器''' 用于显示壁纸等
* '''面板''' 提供菜单以显示信息（例如时间）
* '''设置/配置管理器''' 改变桌面环境的外观

Translations:Install Desktop Environments/4/zh-cn

2022-05-23T12:22:00Z

Xiaopangju: Created page with "值得注意的是，桌面环境（DE）不是独立存在的；它实际上是一起工作的不同组件的集合。这通常包括："

值得注意的是，桌面环境（DE）不是独立存在的；它实际上是一起工作的不同组件的集合。这通常包括：

Translations:Install Desktop Environments/3/zh-cn

2022-05-23T12:21:00Z

Xiaopangju: Created page with "= 桌面环境 ="

= 桌面环境 =

Translations:Install Desktop Environments/2/zh-cn

2022-05-23T12:20:50Z

Manjaro 有几种可用的桌面环境和窗口管理器，每种都有其独特的风格、界面和功能。另外，在有需求的情况下，可以安装多个桌面环境，可以在任何时候在登录界面切换。用户并不被限定使用预先安装的风格。

Translations:Install Desktop Environments/1/zh-cn

2022-05-23T12:15:59Z

Xiaopangju: Created page with "== 简介 =="

== 简介 ==

Translations:Install Desktop Environments/Page display title/zh-cn

2022-05-23T12:15:52Z

Xiaopangju: Created page with "安装桌面环境"

安装桌面环境

Translations:Firewalls/6/zh-cn

2022-05-16T11:13:56Z

Xiaopangju:

您可以使用任何包管理器安装{{ic|ufw}},如 $usercmd1