Manjaro - User contributions [en]

Manjaro:A Different Kind of Beast/zh-cn

2024-06-04T23:40:33Z

Xlpha: Created page with ""mhwd" 指令可以自动为您检测并配置您的硬件，这一般会在安装过程中完成。这包括对多显卡的支持，就像 Virtualbox 在创建虚拟机一样..."

<languages/>
__TOC__

{{SectionTemplate|简介|
虽然 Manjaro 是基于 Arch 开发，并且可以兼容 Arch，可是，'''它并不是 Arch'''。严格来讲，Manjaro 绝不仅是某个易于安装或已预先配置的 Arch 版本，而更是一只特立独行的“猛兽”。

事实上，Manjaro 与 Arch 的差异，要远远大于流行的 Ubuntu 发行版与 Ubuntu 的许多其他的衍生发行版之间的差异，这也包括 Mint 和 Zorin 在内。为了更清楚的了解 Manjaro，简单概括了它的一些主要特点。

* '''Manjaro''' 是基于 Arch 独立开发的，由完全不同的团队制作。
* '''Manjaro''' 是为新手简易设计的，而 Arch 面向的则是更熟练的老用户。
* '''Manjaro''' 从独有的仓库中获取软件，这些仓库里也包含着 Arch 所未提供的软件包。
* '''Manjaro''' 提供其发行的特定工具，例如 Manjaro 硬件检测（mhwd）和 Manjaro 设置管理器（msm）。
* '''Manjaro''' 与 Arch 相比，在操作方式上有许多细微的差异。

下文中更加具体的说明了这些差异。
|Manjaro.png}}

{{SectionTemplate|Manjaro kernel management|
{{Warning|It is important to know the kernel definitions. The Linux kernel project uses three definitions
<ol>
<li>Mainline (Development)</li>
<li>Stable (Mainline which have passed rc7/rc8)</li>
<li>Long Term Support (LTS)</li>
</ol>
[https://kernel.org/category/releases.html Linux Kernel project release]
}}

When reading Manjaro documentation either on this Wiki or the forum you will often see an expression such as '''latest stable''' or '''latest LTS''' and those is the terms used the by upstream project.

A '''stable''' kernel is '''NOT LTS''' - a subtle but very important difference.

When a Manjaro ISO is released it contains the latest Long Time (LTS) as defined by upstream kernel project. This practise makes it possible to install Manjaro and keep it running using the LTS kernel - if not for ever - then for a very long time.

The latest and greatest hardware may have poor or non existing support using the LTS kernel. Such hardware will require you to use what is referenced as the '''stable''' kernel.

The stable kernel goes End Of Life (EOL) when the next mainline becomes stable which happens roughly every 2 months. If you are using the '''stable''' kernel - not LTS - you will have to ensure you are syncing the next stable kernel.

'''A stable kernel on Manjaro is never synced to the next stable kernel like you may be used to with an Arch Linux install'''.

If you neglect you are running an EOL kernel you will get various driver issues - most prominently Nvidia drivers - when the EOL kernel is removed from the repo. Such issues is not a Manjaro fault but a fault of the system admin who neglected proper system maintenance.
}}

{{SectionTemplate|专用仓库|
{{Important|Manjaro 使用独立软件仓库的一个重要好处是开发者将为您实施关键更新，因此您无需手动干预。}}
为了确保持续的稳定性和可靠性，Manjaro 使用自己的专用软件存储库。除了社区维护的 Arch 用户存储库 (AUR)，Manjaro 系统不访问官方的 Arch 存储库。

<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
===Manjaro 软件包仓库===
====稳定分支（Stable）====
Stable branch is snapped from '''testing''' approximately two weeks after the sync from Arch stable repositories. 稳定分支上的包是 Manjaro 系统使用的默认存储库，用于为一般用户群提供更新和下载。
====测试分支（Testing）====
Testing branch is snapped from '''unstable''' at irregular intervals - but usually shortly after the syncronization from Arch stable. This branch is used as a testing area for packages build by Manjaro developers such as kernels, kernel modules, nvidia graphics, software patches, Manjaro inhouse applications. The package may be subject to further checks by developers and testers for potential bugs and/or stability issues, prior to being released to the '''stable''' branch. Testing branch is for the knowledgeable user looking for a way to contribute to keep Manjaro running at it's best.
====不稳定分支（Unstable）====
Unstable branch is synced several times daily from Arch stable and the packages from Arch repo is generally considered stable as they have been vetted by the Archlinux QA and the Archlinux community. Manjaro maintainers build kernels, kernel modules and nvidia graphic drivers from kernel source. This branch is also the entry point for Manjaro's inhouse applications. The latest available versions of software will be located here and <u>using the ''unstable branch'' may cause issues on your system</u> but you are proficient, motivated and have no problem solving minor isssues on your own.
====没有 Arch 激进（bleeding edge）====
适应这个测试过程的结果是 Manjaro 永远不会像 Arch 那样激进。一个软件可能会在几天、几周甚至几个月后发布到稳定的存储库；但是，希望访问最新版本的用户仍然可以通过切换到'''测试'''或'''不稳定'''分支来访问。这样做将证明您知识渊博并且是 Manjaro Linux 高级用户。
</div>
|}}

{{SectionTemplate|便于使用的专属工具|
Manjaro 与 Arch 和其他基于 Arch 的发行版不同的另一个特点是它专注于简化一般系统维护的工具。这不仅仅局限于提供简单的图形安装程序和预配置桌面环境的范围。 Manjaro 还提供一系列由 Manjaro 团队独家开发的强大工具。
{{SectionTemplate|Manjaro 硬件检测|
[[file:mhwd2.png|thumb|left|375px]] '''Manjaro 硬件检测（mhwd）'''
"mhwd" 指令可以自动为您检测并配置您的硬件，这一般会在安装过程中完成。这包括对多显卡的支持，就像 Virtualbox 在创建虚拟机一样将各个依赖模块设置好；但是，这也可以轻松地被拥有有限技术知识的用户自行完成

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
A '''[[Configure_Graphics_Cards|guide on how to manually configure graphics cards]]''' has been provided.
</div>
|}}
{{SectionTemplate|Manjaro 内核检测|
[[file:Screenshot_mhwd-kernel.png|thumb|left|375px]] '''Manjaro 硬件检测 - 内核（mhwd-kernel）'''
自动化的多内核支持是 Manjaro 的一项优点，"mhwd-kernel" 指令亦可帮助没有技术知识的用户自行管理内核 (kernel)，这包括自动化地利用被调用的模块更新新安装的内核，例如需要在 Virtualbox 中运行 Manjaro 的用户

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
A '''[[Manjaro_Kernels|guide on how to manage kernels]]''' has been provided.
</div>
|}}
{{SectionTemplate|Manjaro 设置管理器|
[[File:Screenshot_msm.png|thumb|left|375px]] '''Manjaro 设置管理器(msm)'''
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
This user-friendly application allows you to quickly and easily manage user accounts, install new language packs, and even switch your system's default language and keyboard layout on-the-fly. '''msm''' will also automatically notify you of any updates available for installed language packs, too.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Recently new features were added such as easy ways to choose and install between multiple kernels and drivers for your graphics card.
</div>

此处可以查看关于[[Special:MyLanguage/Manjaro Settings Manager|Manjaro 设置管理器]]的详细信息。
|}}
{{SectionTemplate|Pamac 软件包管理器|
[[file:Screenshot_pamac.png|thumb|left|375px]] '''Pamac - 图形界面软件管理器'''
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Exclusively developed by the Manjaro Team, this intuitive application allows you to easily search for, install, remove, and update software applications and packages. '''pamac''' will also automatically notify you of any updates; keep your system up-to-date with just a single click!
</div>

这里有更多关于[[Special:MyLanguage/Pamac|Pamac 软件包管理器]]的详细解释。
|}}

|}}

{{SectionTemplate|结论|
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Manjaro is definitely a beast, but a very different kind of beast than Arch. '''Fast, powerful, and always up to date''', Manjaro provides all the benefits of an Arch operating system, but with an especial emphasis on '''stability, user-friendliness and accessibility''' for newcomers and experienced users alike.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Any enquires about the Manjaro operating system should therefore be directed towards the '''[[Manjaro Forums|Manjaro Forum]]''' in order to receive the best help and support possible. '''All are welcome!'''
</div>
|}}

{{SectionTemplate|另见|
* [[Special:MyLanguage/About Manjaro|关于 Manjaro]]
* [[Special:MyLanguage/Manjaro FAQ|Manjaro 常见问题解答]]
* [[Special:MyLanguage/The Rolling Release Development Model|滚动发布模式]]
|Chmsee-icon.png}}

[[Category:Contents Page{{#translation:}}]]

Using Manjaro for Windows users/zh-cn

2024-06-04T23:40:07Z

Xlpha: Created page with "$usercmd1 $usercmd2"

[[File:Page Under Construction.jpg|thumb|center|Page under construction]]

__TOC__

Remember when you installed your very first Windows, added bells and whistles and then couldn’t see the wood for the trees any more and had to re-install???
Well, ''you’re in the same situation now:'' '''You’re a N00b again! Embrace it!''' 😇

I know right now you’re thinking: ''Why is this so much more difficult than Windows?''
Whereas in 6 months time, you’ll be like: ''Why can't I make Windows jump through fiery hoops like I do with Linux???''

== Windows has drives, Linux has a hierarchical file system ==
So Windows has drives:
* The C:-drive generally contains Windows and sometimes data
* The D:-drive (if present) contains data and hardly ever contains Windows itself.
* The maximum number of drives is 26 (A-Z)
* All drives that contain a known file system are always [[mounted]] automatically.

On the other hand, Linux has ''one huge file system:''
* with an unlimited number of partitions (not disks, not drives!) ¹
* you can mount any partition of a disk anywhere in the file system! (Repeating that you cannot mount a disk, only a partition under Linux!)
* you can find the official documentation on the Linux File System Hierarchy Standard (FHS) in HTML / PDF / Text format here: [https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/FHS_3.0/index.html FHS] '''Homework assignment #1: read that!''' 😁
* No, really: read it!
* OK, you didn't read it; here's the [[FHS summary]] 😜

{{note|Partitions are not automatically mounted in Linux!}}
''Huh? That sounds dumb! Why doesn't Linux mount partitions automatically???''
That's because the Manjaro installer will ''manually'' mount only the absolute minimum number of partitions to get your system up and running!
I.E. It will manually mount:
* / (always)
* /home (if you created such a partition)
* /boot/efi (If you have an UEFI system instead of a BIOS system)

''and it will leave any other partitions alone to ensure you don’t mess them up!''
I.E. If you have a dual-boot system, Manjaro will not mount your Windows D: drive automatically!

If you want to have any other partitions available at every boot, you should read about [[fstab]].

== Linux has multiple GUIs ==
Windows has ''only one'' Graphical User Interface ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface GUI]) depending on its version whereas,
Linux has different Desktop Environments (DE) :
* XFCE: Lightweight, simple, best for beginning users
* KDE: lots of bells and whistles, good for recent and powerful hardware ''and people who like to tinker!'' 🛠️
* Gnome: Simple, the default for lots of distributions
* Cinnamon: <s>Gnome like it should be</s> Beefed-up Gnome with more bells and whistles.
* LXDE: comparatively low resource requirements. This makes it especially suitable for use on <s>older</s> resource-constrained computers.
* I3: Great for power users that need non-overlapping titling windows.

And all of the above come with their own:
* File Manager
* System Settings (Known to you as "Control Panel")
* Partition Manager (except XFCE: they need one of the others to be installed)
{{note|The above is less important on modern computers and has become more a matter of taste than functionality}}

'''What you should remember is that mixing and matching DE's is not wise!'''
More specifically:
* Don't install the Gnome Editor (`gedit`) on KDE but use `kate` instead because `gedit` will pull in a ton of libraries (and functionality) of Gnome which will bloat your system.
* Don't install 2 DEs for one user:
* You ''can'' have different DEs on a single computer
* Each user can have their own DE
* '''Having 2 DEs for one user is a recipe for disaster as one single configuration file might be used by 2 DEs for wildly different functionality''' and untangling this Gordian knot will be so complex that a reinstall is always easier.

'''Remember:''' ''You're a N00b again! You're going to re-install'' '''at least once!''' (Unless you're smarter than the authors of this article... 😁)

== Linux has multiple file systems ==
Windows has one file system: NTFS (and if you include the DOS FAT file system it has two. **²**)

Linux has:
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext2 EXT2], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext3 EXT3], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext4 EXT4]: If you're unsure, take EXT4 as that is the newest member of that family and the most used Linux File System (FS) on desktops.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Btrfs BtrFS]: "Better FS" is good for servers or if you have a beefy computer and want FS resilience
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReiserFS ReiserFS]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZFS ZFS]
* ''And even more than you'll ever need''
* ''And guess what?'' Linux can also read and write to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS NTFS] 👍 although it cannot do CHKDSKs, defrag such volumes nor can it change its permissions 👎 , so *before* you finally wipe Windows from your machine,''please, please, please'' first convert any NTFS volumes to EXT4 or any other Linux FS you're comfortable with!

{{note|And remember to `mount` (see above) file systems before you access them, because your file manager *might* automount them read-only for you (which is not always what you want/need)😊}}

== Linux has multiple kernels ==
Windows has different versions and each version has its own kernel. So basically Windows has one kernel for Windows 8, one for Windows 10 another for Windows 11, ...
(One of the authors of this wiki distinctly remember saying about Windows Version 1.0: ''Huh, what a piece of crap, that'll go nowhere! Let me buy SideKick instead!'' and history proved him wrong...) 😁

Linux can have multiple [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system) kernel]s and please remember that:
* LTS = Long Term Support = ultra-stable
* Stable = Stable ''Development'' Kernel
* RC = Release ''Candidate'' = '''''Unstable''''' development kernel
* Keep an eye out on the End Of Life (EOL) dates for LTS kernels [https://www.kernel.org/category/releases.html here] and for non-LTS kernels [https://www.kernel.org here]

It's always a good idea to have ''at least one'' Long Term Support (LTS) kernel installed

It's always a good idea to have ''at least one'' '''fall-back kernel''' installed. E.G. In the case of 5.10 LTS, that would be 5.4 LTS; in the case of 5.14 Stable, that would be 5.10 LTS; ...

It's '''only''' a good idea to have a non-LTS kernel installed if:
* you have very new hardware and none of the LTS kernels work for you. [["What should I be aware of if I'm not on an LTS kernel?"]]
* you're a developer and want to test your applications with the latest ''but not necessarily greatest'' kernels out there.
* the whole point of having Manjaro is to test out new things like new kernels and filing bugs with the developers that don't have your technical knowledge.
* to install different kernels, use the `kernel` [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface GUI] program or the `mhwd-kernel` [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface CLI] program.
* E.G. to install the latest LTS kernel at the time of this writing execute:

mhwd-kernel --install linux510

{{note|To compare this to Windows would be to say that if Windows were Linux it would allow you to run the Windows 11 shell on the Windows XP kernel or the other way around or any other bizarre combination *you as the administrator* wanted!👏}}

== Linux doesn’t have a registry! ==
OK, OK: the Gnome DE (Desktop Environment, see above) has something called "the dconf database" which is similar to but different from the registry, mostly used for the DE itself whereas most applications will still use config files. (see below)
All other DEs have config files, 'just like all Windows versions prior to Windows 95':
* system config files are located in `/etc`
* user config files are in `~/.config`:
* `~` is an abbreviation for "your home directory"
* `.config` is a ''hidden'' directory: (I.E. Any directory starting with a `.` is hidden and you probably have to press <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>H</kbd> in your DE's File Manager to see these.)
* Application config files ''can reside somewhere else'' though that happens rarely..

== What’s the difference between BIOS and UEFI? ==
All that good stuff is explained in our [[BIOS_and_UEFI]] section.

== The terminal is your best friend! ==
== This is how you install software in Linux ==
== The Community side of Linux ==
=== Linux is a self-help OS ===
=== You're part of a community now! ===
=== What is this 'Upstream' and 'Downstream" business? ===
== Other tips and tricks ==



{{UserCmd|command=1.example command should be here}}
{{UserCmd|command=2.example command should be here}}

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">

</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmdOutput|command=command|result=<pre>result</pre>}}
</div>



=See Also=
[https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/FHS_3.0/index.html FHS] The Official documentation by the Linux Foundation (Yeah: where Linus Torvalds lives) 😊

[[Category:Contents Page{{#translation:}}]]

Translations:Manjaro:A Different Kind of Beast/14/zh-cn

2024-06-04T08:12:03Z

"mhwd" 指令可以自动为您检测并配置您的硬件，这一般会在安装过程中完成。这包括对多显卡的支持，就像 Virtualbox 在创建虚拟机一样将各个依赖模块设置好；但是，这也可以轻松地被拥有有限技术知识的用户自行完成

Translations:Using Manjaro for Windows users/7/zh-cn

2024-06-04T03:37:12Z

Xlpha: Created page with "$usercmd1 $usercmd2"

$usercmd1
$usercmd2

Manjaro:A Different Kind of Beast/zh-cn

2024-06-04T23:39:31Z

Xlpha: Created page with "自动化的多内核支持是 Manjaro 的一项优点，"mhwd-kernel" 指令亦可帮助没有技术知识的用户自行管理内核 (kernel)，这包括自动化地利用..."

<languages/>
__TOC__

{{SectionTemplate|简介|
虽然 Manjaro 是基于 Arch 开发，并且可以兼容 Arch，可是，'''它并不是 Arch'''。严格来讲，Manjaro 绝不仅是某个易于安装或已预先配置的 Arch 版本，而更是一只特立独行的“猛兽”。

事实上，Manjaro 与 Arch 的差异，要远远大于流行的 Ubuntu 发行版与 Ubuntu 的许多其他的衍生发行版之间的差异，这也包括 Mint 和 Zorin 在内。为了更清楚的了解 Manjaro，简单概括了它的一些主要特点。

* '''Manjaro''' 是基于 Arch 独立开发的，由完全不同的团队制作。
* '''Manjaro''' 是为新手简易设计的，而 Arch 面向的则是更熟练的老用户。
* '''Manjaro''' 从独有的仓库中获取软件，这些仓库里也包含着 Arch 所未提供的软件包。
* '''Manjaro''' 提供其发行的特定工具，例如 Manjaro 硬件检测（mhwd）和 Manjaro 设置管理器（msm）。
* '''Manjaro''' 与 Arch 相比，在操作方式上有许多细微的差异。

下文中更加具体的说明了这些差异。
|Manjaro.png}}

{{SectionTemplate|Manjaro kernel management|
{{Warning|It is important to know the kernel definitions. The Linux kernel project uses three definitions
<ol>
<li>Mainline (Development)</li>
<li>Stable (Mainline which have passed rc7/rc8)</li>
<li>Long Term Support (LTS)</li>
</ol>
[https://kernel.org/category/releases.html Linux Kernel project release]
}}

When reading Manjaro documentation either on this Wiki or the forum you will often see an expression such as '''latest stable''' or '''latest LTS''' and those is the terms used the by upstream project.

A '''stable''' kernel is '''NOT LTS''' - a subtle but very important difference.

When a Manjaro ISO is released it contains the latest Long Time (LTS) as defined by upstream kernel project. This practise makes it possible to install Manjaro and keep it running using the LTS kernel - if not for ever - then for a very long time.

The latest and greatest hardware may have poor or non existing support using the LTS kernel. Such hardware will require you to use what is referenced as the '''stable''' kernel.

The stable kernel goes End Of Life (EOL) when the next mainline becomes stable which happens roughly every 2 months. If you are using the '''stable''' kernel - not LTS - you will have to ensure you are syncing the next stable kernel.

'''A stable kernel on Manjaro is never synced to the next stable kernel like you may be used to with an Arch Linux install'''.

If you neglect you are running an EOL kernel you will get various driver issues - most prominently Nvidia drivers - when the EOL kernel is removed from the repo. Such issues is not a Manjaro fault but a fault of the system admin who neglected proper system maintenance.
}}

{{SectionTemplate|专用仓库|
{{Important|Manjaro 使用独立软件仓库的一个重要好处是开发者将为您实施关键更新，因此您无需手动干预。}}
为了确保持续的稳定性和可靠性，Manjaro 使用自己的专用软件存储库。除了社区维护的 Arch 用户存储库 (AUR)，Manjaro 系统不访问官方的 Arch 存储库。

<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
===Manjaro 软件包仓库===
====稳定分支（Stable）====
Stable branch is snapped from '''testing''' approximately two weeks after the sync from Arch stable repositories. 稳定分支上的包是 Manjaro 系统使用的默认存储库，用于为一般用户群提供更新和下载。
====测试分支（Testing）====
Testing branch is snapped from '''unstable''' at irregular intervals - but usually shortly after the syncronization from Arch stable. This branch is used as a testing area for packages build by Manjaro developers such as kernels, kernel modules, nvidia graphics, software patches, Manjaro inhouse applications. The package may be subject to further checks by developers and testers for potential bugs and/or stability issues, prior to being released to the '''stable''' branch. Testing branch is for the knowledgeable user looking for a way to contribute to keep Manjaro running at it's best.
====不稳定分支（Unstable）====
Unstable branch is synced several times daily from Arch stable and the packages from Arch repo is generally considered stable as they have been vetted by the Archlinux QA and the Archlinux community. Manjaro maintainers build kernels, kernel modules and nvidia graphic drivers from kernel source. This branch is also the entry point for Manjaro's inhouse applications. The latest available versions of software will be located here and <u>using the ''unstable branch'' may cause issues on your system</u> but you are proficient, motivated and have no problem solving minor isssues on your own.
====没有 Arch 激进（bleeding edge）====
适应这个测试过程的结果是 Manjaro 永远不会像 Arch 那样激进。一个软件可能会在几天、几周甚至几个月后发布到稳定的存储库；但是，希望访问最新版本的用户仍然可以通过切换到'''测试'''或'''不稳定'''分支来访问。这样做将证明您知识渊博并且是 Manjaro Linux 高级用户。
</div>
|}}

{{SectionTemplate|便于使用的专属工具|
Manjaro 与 Arch 和其他基于 Arch 的发行版不同的另一个特点是它专注于简化一般系统维护的工具。这不仅仅局限于提供简单的图形安装程序和预配置桌面环境的范围。 Manjaro 还提供一系列由 Manjaro 团队独家开发的强大工具。
{{SectionTemplate|Manjaro 硬件检测|
[[file:mhwd2.png|thumb|left|375px]] '''Manjaro 硬件检测（mhwd）'''
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The '''mhwd''' command enables the automatic detection and configuration of your hardware for you, usually undertaken during the installation process. This includes support for hybrid graphics cards, as well as setting everything up such as module dependencies for Virtualbox virtual machine installations; however, it can also be used by users with limited technical knowledge to easily undertake this task for themselves.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
A '''[[Configure_Graphics_Cards|guide on how to manually configure graphics cards]]''' has been provided.
</div>
|}}
{{SectionTemplate|Manjaro 内核检测|
[[file:Screenshot_mhwd-kernel.png|thumb|left|375px]] '''Manjaro 硬件检测 - 内核（mhwd-kernel）'''
自动化的多内核支持是 Manjaro 的一项优点，"mhwd-kernel" 指令亦可帮助没有技术知识的用户自行管理内核 (kernel)，这包括自动化地利用被调用的模块更新新安装的内核，例如需要在 Virtualbox 中运行 Manjaro 的用户

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A '''[[Manjaro_Kernels|guide on how to manage kernels]]''' has been provided.
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{{SectionTemplate|Manjaro 设置管理器|
[[File:Screenshot_msm.png|thumb|left|375px]] '''Manjaro 设置管理器(msm)'''
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This user-friendly application allows you to quickly and easily manage user accounts, install new language packs, and even switch your system's default language and keyboard layout on-the-fly. '''msm''' will also automatically notify you of any updates available for installed language packs, too.
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Recently new features were added such as easy ways to choose and install between multiple kernels and drivers for your graphics card.
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此处可以查看关于[[Special:MyLanguage/Manjaro Settings Manager|Manjaro 设置管理器]]的详细信息。
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{{SectionTemplate|Pamac 软件包管理器|
[[file:Screenshot_pamac.png|thumb|left|375px]] '''Pamac - 图形界面软件管理器'''
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Exclusively developed by the Manjaro Team, this intuitive application allows you to easily search for, install, remove, and update software applications and packages. '''pamac''' will also automatically notify you of any updates; keep your system up-to-date with just a single click!
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这里有更多关于[[Special:MyLanguage/Pamac|Pamac 软件包管理器]]的详细解释。
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{{SectionTemplate|结论|
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Manjaro is definitely a beast, but a very different kind of beast than Arch. '''Fast, powerful, and always up to date''', Manjaro provides all the benefits of an Arch operating system, but with an especial emphasis on '''stability, user-friendliness and accessibility''' for newcomers and experienced users alike.
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Any enquires about the Manjaro operating system should therefore be directed towards the '''[[Manjaro Forums|Manjaro Forum]]''' in order to receive the best help and support possible. '''All are welcome!'''
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{{SectionTemplate|另见|
* [[Special:MyLanguage/About Manjaro|关于 Manjaro]]
* [[Special:MyLanguage/Manjaro FAQ|Manjaro 常见问题解答]]
* [[Special:MyLanguage/The Rolling Release Development Model|滚动发布模式]]
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[[Category:Contents Page{{#translation:}}]]

Translations:Manjaro:A Different Kind of Beast/18/zh-cn

2024-06-04T08:24:41Z

自动化的多内核支持是 Manjaro 的一项优点，"mhwd-kernel" 指令亦可帮助没有技术知识的用户自行管理内核 (kernel)，这包括自动化地利用被调用的模块更新新安装的内核，例如需要在 Virtualbox 中运行 Manjaro 的用户

Using Manjaro for Windows users/zh-cn

2024-06-04T21:55:17Z

Xlpha: Created page with "Page under construction __TOC__ Remember when you installed your very first Windows, added bells and whistles and then coul..."

[[File:Page Under Construction.jpg|thumb|center|Page under construction]]

__TOC__

Remember when you installed your very first Windows, added bells and whistles and then couldn’t see the wood for the trees any more and had to re-install???
Well, ''you’re in the same situation now:'' '''You’re a N00b again! Embrace it!''' 😇

I know right now you’re thinking: ''Why is this so much more difficult than Windows?''
Whereas in 6 months time, you’ll be like: ''Why can't I make Windows jump through fiery hoops like I do with Linux???''

== Windows has drives, Linux has a hierarchical file system ==
So Windows has drives:
* The C:-drive generally contains Windows and sometimes data
* The D:-drive (if present) contains data and hardly ever contains Windows itself.
* The maximum number of drives is 26 (A-Z)
* All drives that contain a known file system are always [[mounted]] automatically.

On the other hand, Linux has ''one huge file system:''
* with an unlimited number of partitions (not disks, not drives!) ¹
* you can mount any partition of a disk anywhere in the file system! (Repeating that you cannot mount a disk, only a partition under Linux!)
* you can find the official documentation on the Linux File System Hierarchy Standard (FHS) in HTML / PDF / Text format here: [https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/FHS_3.0/index.html FHS] '''Homework assignment #1: read that!''' 😁
* No, really: read it!
* OK, you didn't read it; here's the [[FHS summary]] 😜

{{note|Partitions are not automatically mounted in Linux!}}
''Huh? That sounds dumb! Why doesn't Linux mount partitions automatically???''
That's because the Manjaro installer will ''manually'' mount only the absolute minimum number of partitions to get your system up and running!
I.E. It will manually mount:
* / (always)
* /home (if you created such a partition)
* /boot/efi (If you have an UEFI system instead of a BIOS system)

''and it will leave any other partitions alone to ensure you don’t mess them up!''
I.E. If you have a dual-boot system, Manjaro will not mount your Windows D: drive automatically!

If you want to have any other partitions available at every boot, you should read about [[fstab]].

== Linux has multiple GUIs ==
Windows has ''only one'' Graphical User Interface ([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface GUI]) depending on its version whereas,
Linux has different Desktop Environments (DE) :
* XFCE: Lightweight, simple, best for beginning users
* KDE: lots of bells and whistles, good for recent and powerful hardware ''and people who like to tinker!'' 🛠️
* Gnome: Simple, the default for lots of distributions
* Cinnamon: <s>Gnome like it should be</s> Beefed-up Gnome with more bells and whistles.
* LXDE: comparatively low resource requirements. This makes it especially suitable for use on <s>older</s> resource-constrained computers.
* I3: Great for power users that need non-overlapping titling windows.

And all of the above come with their own:
* File Manager
* System Settings (Known to you as "Control Panel")
* Partition Manager (except XFCE: they need one of the others to be installed)
{{note|The above is less important on modern computers and has become more a matter of taste than functionality}}

'''What you should remember is that mixing and matching DE's is not wise!'''
More specifically:
* Don't install the Gnome Editor (`gedit`) on KDE but use `kate` instead because `gedit` will pull in a ton of libraries (and functionality) of Gnome which will bloat your system.
* Don't install 2 DEs for one user:
* You ''can'' have different DEs on a single computer
* Each user can have their own DE
* '''Having 2 DEs for one user is a recipe for disaster as one single configuration file might be used by 2 DEs for wildly different functionality''' and untangling this Gordian knot will be so complex that a reinstall is always easier.

'''Remember:''' ''You're a N00b again! You're going to re-install'' '''at least once!''' (Unless you're smarter than the authors of this article... 😁)

== Linux has multiple file systems ==
Windows has one file system: NTFS (and if you include the DOS FAT file system it has two. **²**)

Linux has:
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext2 EXT2], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext3 EXT3], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext4 EXT4]: If you're unsure, take EXT4 as that is the newest member of that family and the most used Linux File System (FS) on desktops.
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Btrfs BtrFS]: "Better FS" is good for servers or if you have a beefy computer and want FS resilience
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReiserFS ReiserFS]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZFS ZFS]
* ''And even more than you'll ever need''
* ''And guess what?'' Linux can also read and write to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS NTFS] 👍 although it cannot do CHKDSKs, defrag such volumes nor can it change its permissions 👎 , so *before* you finally wipe Windows from your machine,''please, please, please'' first convert any NTFS volumes to EXT4 or any other Linux FS you're comfortable with!

{{note|And remember to `mount` (see above) file systems before you access them, because your file manager *might* automount them read-only for you (which is not always what you want/need)😊}}

== Linux has multiple kernels ==
Windows has different versions and each version has its own kernel. So basically Windows has one kernel for Windows 8, one for Windows 10 another for Windows 11, ...
(One of the authors of this wiki distinctly remember saying about Windows Version 1.0: ''Huh, what a piece of crap, that'll go nowhere! Let me buy SideKick instead!'' and history proved him wrong...) 😁

Linux can have multiple [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system) kernel]s and please remember that:
* LTS = Long Term Support = ultra-stable
* Stable = Stable ''Development'' Kernel
* RC = Release ''Candidate'' = '''''Unstable''''' development kernel
* Keep an eye out on the End Of Life (EOL) dates for LTS kernels [https://www.kernel.org/category/releases.html here] and for non-LTS kernels [https://www.kernel.org here]

It's always a good idea to have ''at least one'' Long Term Support (LTS) kernel installed

It's always a good idea to have ''at least one'' '''fall-back kernel''' installed. E.G. In the case of 5.10 LTS, that would be 5.4 LTS; in the case of 5.14 Stable, that would be 5.10 LTS; ...

It's '''only''' a good idea to have a non-LTS kernel installed if:
* you have very new hardware and none of the LTS kernels work for you. [["What should I be aware of if I'm not on an LTS kernel?"]]
* you're a developer and want to test your applications with the latest ''but not necessarily greatest'' kernels out there.
* the whole point of having Manjaro is to test out new things like new kernels and filing bugs with the developers that don't have your technical knowledge.
* to install different kernels, use the `kernel` [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface GUI] program or the `mhwd-kernel` [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface CLI] program.
* E.G. to install the latest LTS kernel at the time of this writing execute:

mhwd-kernel --install linux510

{{note|To compare this to Windows would be to say that if Windows were Linux it would allow you to run the Windows 11 shell on the Windows XP kernel or the other way around or any other bizarre combination *you as the administrator* wanted!👏}}

== Linux doesn’t have a registry! ==
OK, OK: the Gnome DE (Desktop Environment, see above) has something called "the dconf database" which is similar to but different from the registry, mostly used for the DE itself whereas most applications will still use config files. (see below)
All other DEs have config files, 'just like all Windows versions prior to Windows 95':
* system config files are located in `/etc`
* user config files are in `~/.config`:
* `~` is an abbreviation for "your home directory"
* `.config` is a ''hidden'' directory: (I.E. Any directory starting with a `.` is hidden and you probably have to press <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>H</kbd> in your DE's File Manager to see these.)
* Application config files ''can reside somewhere else'' though that happens rarely..

== What’s the difference between BIOS and UEFI? ==
All that good stuff is explained in our [[BIOS_and_UEFI]] section.

== The terminal is your best friend! ==
== This is how you install software in Linux ==
== The Community side of Linux ==
=== Linux is a self-help OS ===
=== You're part of a community now! ===
=== What is this 'Upstream' and 'Downstream" business? ===
== Other tips and tricks ==



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{{UserCmd|command=2.example command should be here}}
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=See Also=
[https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/FHS_3.0/index.html FHS] The Official documentation by the Linux Foundation (Yeah: where Linus Torvalds lives) 😊

[[Category:Contents Page{{#translation:}}]]

Translations:Using Manjaro for Windows users/Page display title/zh-cn

2024-06-04T05:14:05Z

Xlpha:

为来自 Windows 的用户写的 Manjaro 教程