Difference between pages "Manjaro FAQ" and "GRUB/Restore the GRUB Bootloader"
Views
Actions
Namespaces
Variants
Tools
imported>Verityproductions |
imported>Petsam (→Use mhwd-chroot: update) |
||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
__TOC__ | |||
== | = Overview = | ||
As with any Linux operating system, the GRUB ('''GR'''and '''U'''nified '''B'''ootloader) is responsible for booting up Manjaro. If for any reason your GRUB is not working --perhaps due to being corrupted, mis-configured, or even deleted-- then it may not be necessary to reinstall Manjaro. '''The GRUB can instead be fully repaired and restored, retaining your installed Manjaro system'''. To undertake this task, you will need to use your Manjaro installation media, such as, a CD/DVD or USB Flashdrive. | |||
= | = Boot the Manjaro Installation Media = | ||
'''1.''' Insert and boot your Manjaro installation media. | |||
'''2.''' Select your '''preferred language''' (F2) and '''keyboard layout''' (F3). | |||
{{tip|Setting the language and keyboard layout are undertaken by pressing the ''Function'' (F) keys. As many computers have multiple functions assigned to each function key, it may be necessary to hold down another key first to use them. For example, on a HP G62 laptop, to use the function keys, the 'fn' key must first be pressed and held.}} | |||
'''3.''' Boot Manjaro Linux. It does not matter which boot option you choose, as the installation media is being used solely to repair/reinstate the GRUB, and not to install a fresh system. | |||
'''4.''' Open the terminal or access the command line of the live CD. | |||
* '''From the desktop environment''': open a terminal from your desktop menu, and enter ''sudo su'' in the terminal. | |||
or | |||
* '''From the command line''' of the Manjaro Architect Edition or having used option '''5. System Rescue''' : enter the default login username ''root'' and then the password "manjaro" to log in. | |||
= | =Chroot into your existing Manjaro Installation= | ||
* '''[ | {{note| Look here to read more about [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Change_Root chroot](ing).}} | ||
There are 2 different ways to chroot into your exising Manjaro installation: Using mhwd-chroot or doing it manually. Please choose one: | |||
==Use mhwd-chroot== | |||
'''1.''' Start by identifying the partition where your Manjaro installation controling the active Grub menu resides and needs repairing. If you are in Graphical mode you can use an application called ''GPartEd'', which should be in Menu > System > GPartEd. This will provide a simple visual illustration of the partitions on your hard drive(s). | |||
To do the same thing from terminal or TTY you can use this command | |||
lsblk -f | |||
'''2.''' [https://github.com/manjaro/manjaro-tools mhwd-chroot] is a tool to easily chroot into an installed Linux installation from a live boot of a Manjaro Installation Media. | |||
{{tip|If it is not installed in your live media you can install it in terminal with | |||
sudo pacman -S mhwd-chroot }} | |||
Start mhwd-chroot from your Start Menu (System -> Chroot) or in your terminal with: | |||
sudo mhwd-chroot | |||
You will be presented with a terminal. Wait until it shows a list with the available system partitions on your computer and choose the one you want to repair. | |||
== Manually Identify and Prepare the Installed Partition(s) == | |||
'''1.''' Ensure that you are using the Root account, which is identified by a hash ('#') at the beginning of the command line, rather than a dollar ('$'). To switch to Root, enter the command: | |||
sudo su | |||
'''2.''' List your partitions. This is necessary in order to identify the partition your Manjaro system is installed on. If you have used a separate boot partition, it will be necessary to identify this as well. For a list of your paritions, enter the command: | |||
lsblk -f | |||
or | |||
sudo blkid -o list -c /dev/nul | |||
In this particular instance, '''having used the assisted preparation method to install Manjaro earlier''', the partitions for the author's Manjaro system are as follows: | |||
* '''/dev/sda1''': Boot partition | |||
* '''/dev/sda2''': Swap partition | |||
* '''/dev/sda3''': Manjaro system | |||
* '''/dev/sda4''': Space for personal files. | |||
If you are still unsure, then you can also use an application called ''gparted'', which should be in Menu > System > GPartEd. This will provide a simple visual illustration of the partitions on your hard drive(s). If a separate partition for the GRUB exists, it will be marked as 'bootable', and should only be about 100MB in size. | |||
'''3.''' Mount your Manjaro system partition. The syntax to mount the Manjaro system partition is: | |||
mount /dev/'''[partition used for Manjaro system]''' /mnt | |||
In this instance, as the Manjaro system partition is ''/dev/sda3'', this will be mounted using the following command: | |||
mount /dev/'''sda3''' /mnt | |||
'''IF''' you have used a separate partition for your GRUB bootloader, then this must also be mounted. The syntax to mount a separate partition used to boot is: | |||
mount /dev/'''[partition used for GRUB]''' /mnt/boot | |||
In this instance, a separate partition --''/dev/sda1''-- has been used for the GRUB, and will be mounted using the following command: | |||
mount /dev/'''sda1''' /mnt/boot | |||
{{note|Again, if you have not used a separate boot partition, then it (obviously) does not need to be mounted!}} | |||
'''4.''' Change to the root directory of your mounted partitions. | |||
cd /mnt | |||
This is undertaken so that you are working from --and with-- your installed system, rather than the installation media. To do so, it will be necessary to enter a series of commands in the following order: | |||
mount -t proc proc /mnt/proc | |||
mount -t sysfs sys /mnt/sys | |||
mount -o bind /dev /mnt/dev | |||
mount -t devpts pts /mnt/dev/pts/ | |||
chroot /mnt | |||
= Restore GRUB = | |||
First, install the software applications ''mtools'' and ''os-prober''. mtools is a collection of tools to access MS-DOS disks from GNU/Linux and Unix without mounting them. os-prober is a utility that detects if there are any other operating systems present. Install them both with the following command: | |||
sudo pacman -S mtools os-prober | |||
== For BIOS Systems == | |||
'''1.''' Install a new GRUB bootloader with the following command: | |||
grub-install /dev/sda | |||
{{Note|sda is the disk device where you want to install GRUB. You can check it using ''lsblk -f'' or using GParted as explained before.}} | |||
'''2.''' Recheck to ensure the that installation has completed without any errors: | |||
grub-install --recheck /dev/sda | |||
'''3.''' Finally, configure the freshly installed GRUB bootloader: | |||
update-grub | |||
All done! Now close the terminal and reboot your system to use your freshly re-installed GRUB. | |||
== For UEFI Systems == | |||
{{Warning|You need to be [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Change_Root chrooted] for this procedure as mentioned in the [[Restore_the_GRUB_Bootloader#Identify_and_Prepare_the_Installed_Partition.28s.29 | previous step.]]}} | |||
1.) First of all check the partition for the ESP (EFI System Partition). An ESP is a fat32 partition and contains .efi files for booting. | |||
It can be checked using Gparted or from the terminal using ''fdisk -l'' | |||
('''Note:''' | |||
''If you do not have a EFI partition'', you will need to create it. | |||
Use Gparted for that. | |||
Type- ''fat32'' | |||
Size- ''512 mb to 1 gb'') | |||
2.) Create the ''/boot/efi'' directory | |||
sudo mkdir /boot/efi | |||
3.) Mount the EFI partition as ''/boot/efi'' | |||
sudo mount /dev/sdXY /boot/efi | |||
X = Alphabet of the drive = a,b,c ... | |||
Y = Partition number of the EFI partition = 1,2,3,4... | |||
Example - ''/dev/sda4'' | |||
4.) Re-install Grub. | |||
sudo grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=manjaro --recheck | |||
5.) Update Grub configuration file. | |||
sudo update-grub | |||
=== Note === | |||
If you get something like | |||
EFI variables are not supported on this system. | |||
Then install the {{ic|efibootmgr}}, {{ic|dosfstools}} and {{ic|grub}} packages and try steps 4 and 5 again. | |||
If it still doesn't work, then try exiting the chroot environnment by typing '''exit''', then loading the '''efivarfs''' module: | |||
sudo modprobe efivarfs | |||
and in the chroot | |||
mount -t efivarfs efivarfs /sys/firmware/efi/efivars | |||
And if you get something like | |||
grub-install: error: failed to get canonical path of `union'. | |||
means that probably you forgot to [[Restore_the_GRUB_Bootloader#Identify_and_Prepare_the_Installed_Partition.28s.29 | chroot]]. | |||
'''See also''' | |||
[http://wiki.manjaro.org/index.php?title=UEFI_-_Install_Guide UEFI Install Guide] | |||
[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GRUB#UEFI_systems_2 Arch Wiki:GRUB#UEFI_systems_2] | |||
=== Alternative method === | |||
Mount the ext4 Manjaro root partition at {{ic|/install}} | |||
Mount the vfat Manjaro efi partition at {{ic|/install/boot/efi}} | |||
And then install Grub as: | |||
grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/install/boot/efi --bootloader-id=manjaro --boot-directory=/install/boot --recheck --debug | |||
After the above you could chroot and try the '''update-grub''' command as earlier. | |||
= Troubleshooting = | |||
=== Arch Linux is not recognized === | |||
If Arch Linux wasn't recognized after an update-grub then probably your Arch installation is missing the package lsb-release. | |||
=More= | |||
[https://forum.manjaro.org/index.php?topic=7552.0 Forum topic] | |||
[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GRUB The Arch Wiki] | |||
Post for support at the [http://forum.manjaro.org/index.php?board=3.0 forums] | |||
[[Category:Contents Page]] | |||
[[Category:Contents Page]] | [[Category:Contents Page]] |
Revision as of 15:54, 8 March 2018
Overview
As with any Linux operating system, the GRUB (GRand Unified Bootloader) is responsible for booting up Manjaro. If for any reason your GRUB is not working --perhaps due to being corrupted, mis-configured, or even deleted-- then it may not be necessary to reinstall Manjaro. The GRUB can instead be fully repaired and restored, retaining your installed Manjaro system. To undertake this task, you will need to use your Manjaro installation media, such as, a CD/DVD or USB Flashdrive.
Boot the Manjaro Installation Media
1. Insert and boot your Manjaro installation media.
2. Select your preferred language (F2) and keyboard layout (F3).
3. Boot Manjaro Linux. It does not matter which boot option you choose, as the installation media is being used solely to repair/reinstate the GRUB, and not to install a fresh system.
4. Open the terminal or access the command line of the live CD.
- From the desktop environment: open a terminal from your desktop menu, and enter sudo su in the terminal.
or
- From the command line of the Manjaro Architect Edition or having used option 5. System Rescue : enter the default login username root and then the password "manjaro" to log in.
Chroot into your existing Manjaro Installation
There are 2 different ways to chroot into your exising Manjaro installation: Using mhwd-chroot or doing it manually. Please choose one:
Use mhwd-chroot
1. Start by identifying the partition where your Manjaro installation controling the active Grub menu resides and needs repairing. If you are in Graphical mode you can use an application called GPartEd, which should be in Menu > System > GPartEd. This will provide a simple visual illustration of the partitions on your hard drive(s).
To do the same thing from terminal or TTY you can use this command
lsblk -f
2. mhwd-chroot is a tool to easily chroot into an installed Linux installation from a live boot of a Manjaro Installation Media.
Start mhwd-chroot from your Start Menu (System -> Chroot) or in your terminal with:
sudo mhwd-chroot
You will be presented with a terminal. Wait until it shows a list with the available system partitions on your computer and choose the one you want to repair.
Manually Identify and Prepare the Installed Partition(s)
1. Ensure that you are using the Root account, which is identified by a hash ('#') at the beginning of the command line, rather than a dollar ('$'). To switch to Root, enter the command:
sudo su
2. List your partitions. This is necessary in order to identify the partition your Manjaro system is installed on. If you have used a separate boot partition, it will be necessary to identify this as well. For a list of your paritions, enter the command:
lsblk -f
or
sudo blkid -o list -c /dev/nul
In this particular instance, having used the assisted preparation method to install Manjaro earlier, the partitions for the author's Manjaro system are as follows:
- /dev/sda1: Boot partition
- /dev/sda2: Swap partition
- /dev/sda3: Manjaro system
- /dev/sda4: Space for personal files.
If you are still unsure, then you can also use an application called gparted, which should be in Menu > System > GPartEd. This will provide a simple visual illustration of the partitions on your hard drive(s). If a separate partition for the GRUB exists, it will be marked as 'bootable', and should only be about 100MB in size.
3. Mount your Manjaro system partition. The syntax to mount the Manjaro system partition is:
mount /dev/[partition used for Manjaro system] /mnt
In this instance, as the Manjaro system partition is /dev/sda3, this will be mounted using the following command:
mount /dev/sda3 /mnt
IF you have used a separate partition for your GRUB bootloader, then this must also be mounted. The syntax to mount a separate partition used to boot is:
mount /dev/[partition used for GRUB] /mnt/boot
In this instance, a separate partition --/dev/sda1-- has been used for the GRUB, and will be mounted using the following command:
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
4. Change to the root directory of your mounted partitions.
cd /mnt
This is undertaken so that you are working from --and with-- your installed system, rather than the installation media. To do so, it will be necessary to enter a series of commands in the following order:
mount -t proc proc /mnt/proc mount -t sysfs sys /mnt/sys mount -o bind /dev /mnt/dev mount -t devpts pts /mnt/dev/pts/ chroot /mnt
Restore GRUB
First, install the software applications mtools and os-prober. mtools is a collection of tools to access MS-DOS disks from GNU/Linux and Unix without mounting them. os-prober is a utility that detects if there are any other operating systems present. Install them both with the following command:
sudo pacman -S mtools os-prober
For BIOS Systems
1. Install a new GRUB bootloader with the following command:
grub-install /dev/sda
2. Recheck to ensure the that installation has completed without any errors:
grub-install --recheck /dev/sda
3. Finally, configure the freshly installed GRUB bootloader:
update-grub
All done! Now close the terminal and reboot your system to use your freshly re-installed GRUB.
For UEFI Systems
1.) First of all check the partition for the ESP (EFI System Partition). An ESP is a fat32 partition and contains .efi files for booting.
It can be checked using Gparted or from the terminal using fdisk -l
(Note:
If you do not have a EFI partition, you will need to create it.
Use Gparted for that.
Type- fat32
Size- 512 mb to 1 gb)
2.) Create the /boot/efi directory
sudo mkdir /boot/efi
3.) Mount the EFI partition as /boot/efi
sudo mount /dev/sdXY /boot/efi
X = Alphabet of the drive = a,b,c ... Y = Partition number of the EFI partition = 1,2,3,4...
Example - /dev/sda4
4.) Re-install Grub.
sudo grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=manjaro --recheck
5.) Update Grub configuration file.
sudo update-grub
Note
If you get something like
EFI variables are not supported on this system.
Then install the efibootmgr
, dosfstools
and grub
packages and try steps 4 and 5 again.
If it still doesn't work, then try exiting the chroot environnment by typing exit, then loading the efivarfs module:
sudo modprobe efivarfs
and in the chroot
mount -t efivarfs efivarfs /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
And if you get something like
grub-install: error: failed to get canonical path of `union'.
means that probably you forgot to chroot.
See also
Alternative method
Mount the ext4 Manjaro root partition at /install
Mount the vfat Manjaro efi partition at /install/boot/efi
And then install Grub as:
grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/install/boot/efi --bootloader-id=manjaro --boot-directory=/install/boot --recheck --debug
After the above you could chroot and try the update-grub command as earlier.
Troubleshooting
Arch Linux is not recognized
If Arch Linux wasn't recognized after an update-grub then probably your Arch installation is missing the package lsb-release.
More
Post for support at the forums