Install Desktop Environments

Overview

Note

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The mhwd command is still under development, and at present is only able to install drivers for graphics cards connected internally via pci.

Where installing the full version of Manjaro (i.e. complete with a pre-installed desktop environment, codecs, and software applications), the mhwd command will be automatically run by the GUI and CLI installer to automatically detect your graphics card and install the most appropriate driver for it. Whether free or proprietary drivers are installed will depend on your initial choice of using free or nonfree graphics drivers to boot up. Otherwise, it will be necessary to run the mhwd command manually as part of the post-installation process for the minimalistic NET-Edition of Manjaro.

For Beginners, it is recommended to use "Hardware Detection" in Manjaro Settings Manager to change or install new graphics drivers. For intermediate and advanced users, it is also possible to use the mhwd command to install, re-install, and remove installed graphics drivers at any time, as illustrated below.

Warning

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For the NET-Edition, ensure that the graphics drivers are installed prior to installing and configuring your desired desktop and greeter. Without video drivers to show them, you won't get very far upon rebooting!

Automated Identification and Installation

This is the recommended method for the detection and installation of graphics drivers. The syntax for the automated installation method is:

sudo mhwd -a [pci or usb connection] [free or nonfree drivers] 0300

A breakdown of the command used for the automated method is as follows:

• -a: Automatically detect and install the appropriate driver
• [pci or usb]: Install the appropriate driver for devices connected internally via pci, or externally via usb (again, mhwd currently only supports pci connections at this stage in its development)
• [free or nonfree]: Install either free drivers (e.g. provided by the Linux community), or nonfree drivers (e.g. provided by hardware manufacturers)
• 0300: Identify that a driver is to be installed for a graphics card (0300 is the ID for graphics cards. As the mhwd command develops, new ids will be used for other hardware devices).

For example, the following command would result in the automatic detection and installation of the best available proprietary driver for a pci-connected graphics card:

sudo mhwd -a pci nonfree 0300

Otherwise, the following command would result in the automatic detection and installation of the best available free driver for a pci-connected graphics card:

sudo mhwd -a pci free 0300

Manual Identification and Installation

Taking a do-it-yourself approach is itself relatively easy and straightforward using the mhwd command. This should be undertaken in two stages:

1. Identify the appropriate driver to be installed, and then

2. Install the driver

Tip

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Just ensure that you have identified and are indeed about to install the correct driver for your particular graphics card!

Identifying Available Drivers

Prior to manually installing a graphics driver, it will be necessary to identify what drivers are available for your system. To list the appropriate drivers available, the basic syntax is:

mhwd -l [optional: detailed view] [optional: --pci or --usb connection]

Using this command without the additional options will list basic information for all the available drivers for devices connected to your system. All drivers graphics card drivers will have the prefix (video-) in their name. The basic information provided for all listed drivers will be:

• Name
• Version
• Free or proprietary, and
• PCI or USB connection

A more detailed list of installed drivers can be obtained by entering:

mhwd -l -d

A detailed list will provide the following information:

• Name
• Version
• PCI or USB connection
• Description
• Priority
• Free or proprietary
• Dependencies
• Conflicts
• Class ID (e.g. '0300' for graphics card drivers), and
• Vendor ID

In addition, using the --pci filter in the following example will list detailed information for only the drivers available for devices (e.g. graphics cards) using an internal PCI connection:

mhwd -l -d --pci

Installing a Driver

To install a driver for a graphics card, the syntax is:

sudo mhwd -i pci [name of driver]

A breakdown of the command used to manually install a driver is as follows:

• -i: Install a driver
• [pci]: Install a driver for a device connected internally via pci (e.g. graphics cards)
• [name of driver]: The name of the driver to be installed

For example, to install the proprietary nvidia graphics card driver, the following command would be used:

sudo mhwd -i pci video-nvidia

Forcing Re-installation of a Driver

Warning

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use this command with care!

To force the re-installation of an existing driver without removing it first, the syntax is:

sudo mhwd -f -i pci [name of driver]

For example, to force the re-installation of a previously installed nvidia graphics card driver, the following command would be used:

sudo mhwd -f -i pci video-nvidia

Removing an Installed Driver

On occasion it may be necessary to remove an installed graphics card driver. Similarly to manually installing a graphics card driver, two steps should be undertaken for removal:

1. Identify the installed driver

2. Remove the identified driver

After all, it would be somewhat difficult to remove an installed driver if you don't know what it's called!

Identifying Installed Drivers

To identify and list Manjaro's installed drivers - including the graphics driver to be removed, the syntax is:

mhwd  -li [optional: detailed view] [optional: pci or usb devices only]

Using this command without the additional options will list the basic information of all the drivers currently installed on your system. Once again, all drivers for graphics cards will have the prefix (video-) in their name. As with listing drivers available for your system, the -d option used in the following command will list detailed information:

mhwd -li -d

This information may prove useful to determine any otherwise unforeseen consequences or problems upon removing a driver. And again, it is also possible to filter your list of installed drivers by whether they are used on hardware connected via pci or usb. In this instance, a detailed list will be generated only for installed drivers used on hardware with a PCI connection:

mhwd -li -d --pci

Removing Installed Drivers

Warning

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use this command with care!

To remove an installed driver, the syntax is:

sudo mhwd -r [pci or usb] [name of driver]

For example, to remove the installed driver for a nvidia graphics card (connected internally via pci), the following command would be used:

sudo mhwd -r pci video-nvidia

Checking configuration

You can check configuration with:

mhwd-gpu --check 
mhwd-gpu --status 

And if needed fix issues with:

mhwd-gpu --setmod
mhwd-gpu --setxorg [PATH]

Make sure the path to xorg config file is valid.

Note about ati, xorg file and login artifacts or kicad: if you get artifacts upon logging in or if kicad rendering and zooming is slow, try adding [Option "EXAPixmaps" "off"] in the "Device" section of xorg config file. See here.

Dual GPU

If your hardware includes more than one GPU card and you are using the free drivers (video-linux), you may choose to run a program with a specific GPU, prepending the application's command with DRI_PRIME=x, where x is the card priority number. For example, to use the second card with Gimp

 DRI_PRIME=1 gimp

To use the 1st card (usually when the CPU has an embedded GPU, this is used)

 DRI_PRIME=0 gimp

If you have Nvidia Optimus hardware and use proprietary drivers see #Nvidia Optimus

NVIDIA Proprietary (non-free) drivers

If you have a Nvidia card, you have the option to use the proprietary (closed sourse = non-free) drivers instead of the open source (free) nouveau driver.

For Legacy/older nvidia cards, Manjaro maintains older drivers for compatibility. In these cases the driver name is different, instead of nvidia it is nvidia-390xx or nvidia340xx, whether in nvidia-only or bumblebee mhwd driver configuration.

When you install the non-free driver, mhwd includes a Nvidia utility "Nvidia Settings Utility" that can help you configure several settings. You can find this utility in your GUI Applications Menu or start it from a terminal

 sudo nvidia-settings

If you are using bumblebee, the nvidia utility needs a special command

 sudo optirun -b none nvidia-settings -c :8

Nvidia Optimus

For Optimus laptops or dual GPU hardware with intel and nvidia GPUs, you have three options to utilize the card driver usage at your preference or your hardware capabilities.

#Bumblebee (mhwd default)

Prime or Reverse Prime

Optimus Manager

When you install Manjaro with the non-free option selected from Grub menu, or when you use automatic driver installation, bumblebee is installed by default. In these cases, the mhwd driver is named "video-hybrid-intel-nvidia-bumblebee".

Configure The Resolution/Refresh Rate

Warning

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The method provided does not currently work for the Cinnamon Edition. As soon as a solution is found, then this article will be updated.

1. Start nvidia-settings utility

2. Change resolution and refresh rate in 'X Server Display Configuration' tab.

3. Hit the 'Save to X Configuration File' button and save to /etc/X11/mhwd.d/nvidia.conf

4. Now start your terminal and enter the following command to complete the process:

sudo mhwd-gpu --setmod nvidia --setxorg /etc/X11/mhwd.d/nvidia.conf

Configure X Screen settings (OpenGL Settings, Antialiasing, X Server XVideo)

1. Start nvidia-settings utility

2. Change settings in X Server XVideo Settings, OpenGL and Antialiasing, in the 'X Screen' tab.

3. Click on 'nvidia-settings configuration' tab and click on the 'Save Current Configuration' button.

4. Save the .nvidia-settings-rc to the default location specified (/home/[your account name])

5. Edit the .xinitrc file with your preferred text editor. For example, if you use gedit, run this in your terminal:

gedit ~/.xinitrc

6. Once opened, add the following line into the configuration file:

exec nvidia-settings --load-config-only

7. Save and exit.

Bumblebee

Bumblebee configuration is mainly developed to help minimize laptop battery consumption, since Nvidia usually consumes significant power, while Intel cards are more power efficient. So, bumblebee detects both cards and automatically selects Intel card by default, while uses Nvidia for more demanding applications. You may also manually select for an application to use the Nvidia card, prepending the application command with optirun or primusrun. For example:

 primusrun glxspheres64
 primusrun steam

If bumblebee fails to auto-detect nvidia as best option, or if you want to specifically run some application with the nvidia driver, you may edit that application's .desktop file "Exec" property, or run it in terminal like this

 primusrun steam

Some applications (usually games like steam) may have an embedded option to specify the command line, where it is preferred to use this way.

For example, in Steam, select a game - that you want to run using your discrete Nvidia card - from the Library page of the Steam client, right-click, and select Properties. Click the SET LAUNCH OPTIONS... button and specify primusrun %command% for the command line. Save your changes.This method allows you to pick when the discrete NVidia GPU should be used on a per-game basis.

If you have problems with a bumblebee setup, refer to this Forum Tutorial for advice.

See also

• Manjaro Hardware Detection Overview

Easier way

You may use a GUI version of mhwd in Manjaro Settings Manager#Hardware Detection

With this tool you can:

- install graphic driver

- switch graphic driver

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAFGukpEIJw

How to check the driver

glxinfo | grep OpenGL

Example output command:

Nvidia driver ( proprietary driver )

$ glxinfo | grep OpenGL
OpenGL vendor string: NVIDIA Corporation
OpenGL renderer string: GeForce GTX 660/PCIe/SSE2
OpenGL core profile version string: 4.3.0 NVIDIA 331.49
OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 4.30 NVIDIA via Cg compiler
OpenGL core profile context flags: (none)
OpenGL core profile profile mask: core profile
OpenGL core profile extensions:
OpenGL version string: 4.4.0 NVIDIA 331.49
OpenGL shading language version string: 4.40 NVIDIA via Cg compiler
OpenGL context flags: (none)
OpenGL profile mask: (none)
OpenGL extensions:

Nouveau , Gallium from Mesa ( open source driver )

$ glxinfo | grep OpenGL
OpenGL vendor string: nouveau
OpenGL renderer string: Gallium 0.4 on NVE6
OpenGL core profile version string: 3.1 (Core Profile) Mesa 9.2.5
OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 1.40
OpenGL core profile context flags: (none)
OpenGL core profile extensions:
OpenGL version string: 3.0 Mesa 9.2.5
OpenGL shading language version string: 1.30
OpenGL context flags: (none)
OpenGL extensions:

Intel driver from Mesa ( open driver )

$ glxinfo | grep OpenGL
OpenGL vendor string: Intel Open Source Technology Center
OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Intel(R) Ivybridge Desktop 
OpenGL core profile version string: 3.3 (Core Profile) Mesa 11.0.6
OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 3.30
OpenGL core profile context flags: (none)
OpenGL core profile profile mask: core profile
OpenGL core profile extensions:
OpenGL version string: 3.0 Mesa 11.0.6
OpenGL shading language version string: 1.30
OpenGL context flags: (none)
OpenGL extensions:
OpenGL ES profile version string: OpenGL ES 3.0 Mesa 11.0.6
OpenGL ES profile shading language version string: OpenGL ES GLSL ES 3.00
OpenGL ES profile extensions: