Manjaro Difference between pages "GRUB/Restore the GRUB Bootloader" and "Installation Guides"

Difference between pages "GRUB/Restore the GRUB Bootloader" and "Installation Guides"

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= Overview =
= Overview =


As with any Linux operating system, the GRUB ('''GR'''and '''U'''nified '''B'''ootloader) is responsible for booting up Manjaro. If for any reason your GRUB is not working --perhaps due to being corrupted, mis-configured, or even deleted-- then it may not be necessary to reinstall Manjaro. '''The GRUB can instead be fully repaired and restored, retaining your installed Manjaro system'''. To undertake this task, you will need to use your Manjaro installation media, such as, a CD/DVD or USB Flashdrive.
{{Tip|For the best results, please ensure that Manjaro is connected to the internet prior to starting the installation process.}}
 
 
= Boot the Manjaro Installation Media =
 
'''1.''' Insert and boot your Manjaro installation media.
 
'''2.''' Select your '''preferred language''' (F2) and '''keyboard layout''' (F3).
 
{{tip|Setting the language and keyboard layout are undertaken by pressing the ''Function'' (F) keys. As many computers have multiple functions assigned to each function key, it may be necessary to hold down another key first to use them. For example, on a HP G62 laptop, to use the function keys, the 'fn' key must first be pressed and held.}}
 
 
'''3.''' Boot Manjaro Linux. It does not matter which boot option you choose, as the installation media is being used solely to repair/reinstate the GRUB, and not to install a fresh system.
 
'''4.''' Open the terminal or access the command line of the live CD.
 
* '''From the desktop environment''': open a terminal from your desktop menu, and enter ''sudo su'' in the terminal.
  or
* '''From the command line''' of the NET-Edition or having used the ''Boot in Text mode'' option: enter the default login username ''root'' and then the password "manjaro" to log in.
 
 
=Chroot into your existing Manjaro Installation=
 
{{note| Look here to read more about [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Change_Root chroot](ing).}}
 
There are 2 different ways to chroot into your exising Manjaro installation: Using mhwd-chroot or doing it manually. Please choose one:
 
 
==Use mhwd-chroot==
 
'''1.''' First, use an application called ''gparted'', which should be in Menu > System > GPartEd. This will provide a simple visual illustration of the partitions on your hard drive(s).
 
Alternatively, you can use
 
lsblk -f
 
to list all your partitions.
 
 
'''2.''' [https://forum.manjaro.org/index.php?topic=21472.0 mhwd-chroot] is a tool to easily chroot into an installed Linux installation from a live boot of a Manjaro Installation Media. Install it with
 
sudo pacman -S mhwd-chroot
 
Start mhwd-chroot from your Start Menu or in your terminal one of the following commands:
 
sudo mhwd-chroot
 
sudo mhwd-chroot-shell
 
Next, choose the root partition of your existing Manjaro installation.
 
 
== Manually Identify and Prepare the Installed Partition(s) ==
 
'''1.''' Ensure that you are using the Root account, which is identified by a hash ('#') at the beginning of the command line, rather than a dollar ('$'). To switch to Root, enter the command:
 
sudo su
 
 
'''2.''' List your partitions. This is necessary in order to identify the partition your Manjaro system is installed on. If you have used a separate boot partition, it will be necessary to identify this as well. For a list of your paritions, enter the command:
 
lsblk -f
 
  or
 
sudo blkid -o list -c /dev/nul
 
 
In this particular instance, '''having used the assisted preparation method to install Manjaro earlier''', the partitions for the author's Manjaro system are as follows:
 
* '''/dev/sda1''': Boot partition
* '''/dev/sda2''': Swap partition
* '''/dev/sda3''': Manjaro system
* '''/dev/sda4''': Space for personal files.
 
 
If you are still unsure, then you can also use an application called ''gparted'', which should be in Menu > System > GPartEd. This will provide a simple visual illustration of the partitions on your hard drive(s). If a separate partition for the GRUB exists, it will be marked as 'bootable', and should only be about 100MB in size.
 
 
'''3.''' Mount your Manjaro system partition. The syntax to mount the Manjaro system partition is:
 
mount /dev/'''[partition used for Manjaro system]''' /mnt
 
 
In this instance, as the Manjaro system partition is ''/dev/sda3'', this will be mounted using the following command:
 
mount /dev/'''sda3''' /mnt
 
 
'''IF''' you have used a separate partition for your GRUB bootloader, then this must also be mounted. The syntax to mount a separate partition used to boot is:
 
mount /dev/'''[partition used for GRUB]''' /mnt/boot
 
 
In this instance, a separate partition --''/dev/sda1''-- has been used for the GRUB, and will be mounted using the following command:
 
mount /dev/'''sda1''' /mnt/boot
 
{{note|Again, if you have not used a separate boot partition, then it (obviously) does not need to be mounted!}}
 
 
'''4.''' Change to the root directory of your mounted partitions.
 
cd /mnt
 
This is undertaken so that you are working from  --and with-- your installed system, rather than the installation media. To do so, it will be necessary to enter a series of commands in the following order:
 
mount -t proc proc /mnt/proc
mount -t sysfs sys /mnt/sys
mount -o bind /dev /mnt/dev
mount -t devpts pts /mnt/dev/pts/
chroot /mnt
 
 
= Restore GRUB =
 
First, install the software applications ''mtools'' and ''os-prober''. mtools is a collection of tools to access MS-DOS disks from GNU/Linux and Unix without mounting them. os-prober is a utility that detects if there are any other operating systems present. Install them both with the following command:
 
sudo pacman -S mtools os-prober
 
 
== For BIOS Systems ==
 
'''1.''' Install a new GRUB bootloader with the following command:
 
grub-install /dev/sda
{{Note|sda is the disk device where you want to install GRUB. You can check it using ''lsblk -f'' or using GParted as explained before.}}
 
 
'''2.''' Recheck to ensure the that installation has completed without any errors:
 
grub-install --recheck /dev/sda
 
 
'''3.''' Finally, configure the freshly installed GRUB bootloader:
 
update-grub
 
 
All done! Now close the terminal and reboot your system to use your freshly re-installed GRUB.
 
 
== For UEFI Systems ==
 
{{Warning|You need to be [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Change_Root chrooted] for this procedure as mentioned in the [[Restore_the_GRUB_Bootloader#Identify_and_Prepare_the_Installed_Partition.28s.29 | previous step.]]}}
 
 
1.) First of all check the partition for the ESP (EFI System Partition). An ESP is a fat32 partition and contains .efi files for booting.
 
It can be checked using Gparted or from the terminal using ''fdisk -l''
 
 
('''Note:'''
''If you do not have a EFI partition'', you will need to create it.
Use Gparted for that.
 
Type- ''fat32''
 
Size- ''512 mb to 1 gb'')
 
 
2.) Create the ''/boot/efi'' directory
sudo mkdir /boot/efi
 
 
3.) Mount the EFI partition as ''/boot/efi''
sudo mount /dev/sdXY /boot/efi
X = Alphabet of the drive = a,b,c ...
Y = Partition number of the EFI partition = 1,2,3,4...
 
Example - ''/dev/sda4''
 
 
4.) Re-install Grub.
sudo grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=manjaro --recheck
 
 
5.) Update Grub configuration file.
sudo update-grub
 
=== Note ===
 
If you get something like
 
EFI variables are not supported on this system.
 
Then install the {{ic|efibootmgr}}, {{ic|dosfstools}} and {{ic|grub}} packages and try steps 4 and 5 again.
 
If it still doesn't work, then try exiting the chroot environnment by typing '''exit''', then loading the '''efivarfs''' module:
sudo modprobe efivarfs
 
and in the chroot
mount -t efivarfs efivarfs /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
 


And if you get something like
Installation guides for every release of the '''full edition of Manjaro''' (i.e. complete with a desktop environment, popular software applications, and codecs), have been provided bellow for both beginners and experienced users. These guides may also be used to install Manjaro as a main operating system, or within a virtual machine environment using '''[https://www.virtualbox.org/ Oracle's Virtualbox]'''. In either instance, if necessary, guides are also available to help you '''[[Download Manjaro]]''', '''[[Check a Downloaded ISO Image For Errors]]''', and to '''[[Burn an ISO File]]''' to disc or USB flash-drive / data stick.


  grub-install: error: failed to get canonical path of `union'.
Otherwise, rebooting your computer (or starting your virtual machine) after connecting your installation media should be sufficient to start the process. If you find that your computer continues to boot into your existing operating system despite this, then check that:


means that probably you forgot to [[Restore_the_GRUB_Bootloader#Identify_and_Prepare_the_Installed_Partition.28s.29 | chroot]].
* The ISO Download and/or installation media has not been corrupted, and that
* Your disc drive or USB flash-drive - depending on which you are using to install - is listed higher up in the boot order than your hard drive (i.e. that they will be booted from first).  


'''See also'''
Checking and amending your boot order if necessary will require either going into your computer's ''BIOS settings'' (if installing Manjaro as your main operating system), or Virtualbox's ''System Settings'' (if installing in a virtual machine).


[http://wiki.manjaro.org/index.php?title=UEFI_-_Install_Guide UEFI Install Guide]


[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GRUB#UEFI_systems_2 Arch Wiki:GRUB#UEFI_systems_2]
= Manjaro 0.8.2 =


=== Alternative method ===
{{tip| It is recommended that unless there is a specific reason to do otherwise, most users - beginner and experienced alike - should select the Stable Installer for the best results.}}


Mount the ext4 Manjaro root partition at {{ic|/install}}
In addition to the standard '''Stable Installer''', Manjaro 0.8.2 also provides the experimental '''Testing Installer''', which is <u>specifically aimed at more experienced users</u>. The Testing Installer provides several new - and advanced - features not otherwise found in the Stable Installer, including support for the:


Mount the vfat Manjaro efi partition at {{ic|/install/boot/efi}}
* Unified Extensible Firmware Interface ('''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface EFI]''')
* B-tree file system ('''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Btrfs btrfs]''')
* Redundant Array of Independent Disks ('''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAID RAID]''') storage system


And then install Grub as:


grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/install/boot/efi --bootloader-id=manjaro --boot-directory=/install/boot --recheck --debug
===Stable Installer===


After the above you could chroot and try the '''update-grub''' command as earlier.
{{note|The Beginners' Installation Guide has been simplified from the guide provided for Manjaro 0.8.0 and 0.8.1.}}


'''1. [[Installation Guide For Beginners 0.8.2|Installation Guide for Beginners]]''': A simple guide where no technical knowledge or expertise is required. Please note however, that while there is no need to manually partition your hard disk or edit any configuration files, '''using this guide will result in completely erasing your hard disk during the installation process'''. Manjaro will be installed alone, so backup your personal files first!


= Troubleshooting =
'''2. [[Installation Guide for Experienced Users 0.8.2|Installation Guide for Experienced Users]]''': This guide involves manually partitioning your hard disk in addition to manually editing the necessary configuration files. As such, if desired, using this guide will allow Manjaro to be installed alongside an existing operating ststem, provide additional language support, and may result in improved performance.


=== Arch Linux is not recognized ===
If Arch Linux wasn't recognized after an update-grub then probably your Arch installation is missing the package lsb-release.


===Testing Installer===


=More=
'''1. [[Testing Installer Installation Guide 0.8.2|Testing Installer Installation Guide]]''': (TBA)


[https://forum.manjaro.org/index.php?topic=7552.0 Forum topic]


[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GRUB The Arch Wiki]
= Manjaro 0.8.0 and 0.8.1 =


Post for support at the [http://forum.manjaro.org/index.php?board=3.0 forums]
'''1. [[Installation Guide For Beginners 0.8.1-2|Installation Guide for Beginners]]''':  This guide covers the ''automatic preparation'' of your computer's hard disk, which will be undertaken by the installer for you. Although optional, detailed explanations have also been provided to manually edit configuration files if desired, in order to improve performance. Please note that '''using this guide will result in completely erasing your hard disk during the installation process'''. Manjaro will be installed alone, so backup your personal files first!


'''2. [[Installation Guide for Experienced Users 0.8.1-2|Installation Guide for Experienced Users]]''': This guide covers the ''manual preparation'' of your computer's hard disk, where partitioning must be undertaken by hand. Manually partitioning the hard drive provides the ability to retain and therefore dual-boot with any other operating system already installed. As some technical knowledge and experience is assumed, the guide is also provides more brief explanations.


[[Category:Contents Page]]


=See Also=


[[Category:Contents Page]]
* [[Download Manjaro]]
* [[Check a Downloaded ISO Image For Errors]]
* [[Burn an ISO File]]

Revision as of 18:48, 28 October 2012

Overview

Tip
For the best results, please ensure that Manjaro is connected to the internet prior to starting the installation process.

Installation guides for every release of the full edition of Manjaro (i.e. complete with a desktop environment, popular software applications, and codecs), have been provided bellow for both beginners and experienced users. These guides may also be used to install Manjaro as a main operating system, or within a virtual machine environment using Oracle's Virtualbox. In either instance, if necessary, guides are also available to help you Download Manjaro, Check a Downloaded ISO Image For Errors, and to Burn an ISO File to disc or USB flash-drive / data stick.

Otherwise, rebooting your computer (or starting your virtual machine) after connecting your installation media should be sufficient to start the process. If you find that your computer continues to boot into your existing operating system despite this, then check that:

  • The ISO Download and/or installation media has not been corrupted, and that
  • Your disc drive or USB flash-drive - depending on which you are using to install - is listed higher up in the boot order than your hard drive (i.e. that they will be booted from first).

Checking and amending your boot order if necessary will require either going into your computer's BIOS settings (if installing Manjaro as your main operating system), or Virtualbox's System Settings (if installing in a virtual machine).


Manjaro 0.8.2

Tip
It is recommended that unless there is a specific reason to do otherwise, most users - beginner and experienced alike - should select the Stable Installer for the best results.

In addition to the standard Stable Installer, Manjaro 0.8.2 also provides the experimental Testing Installer, which is specifically aimed at more experienced users. The Testing Installer provides several new - and advanced - features not otherwise found in the Stable Installer, including support for the:

  • Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI)
  • B-tree file system (btrfs)
  • Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) storage system


Stable Installer

Note
The Beginners' Installation Guide has been simplified from the guide provided for Manjaro 0.8.0 and 0.8.1.

1. Installation Guide for Beginners: A simple guide where no technical knowledge or expertise is required. Please note however, that while there is no need to manually partition your hard disk or edit any configuration files, using this guide will result in completely erasing your hard disk during the installation process. Manjaro will be installed alone, so backup your personal files first!

2. Installation Guide for Experienced Users: This guide involves manually partitioning your hard disk in addition to manually editing the necessary configuration files. As such, if desired, using this guide will allow Manjaro to be installed alongside an existing operating ststem, provide additional language support, and may result in improved performance.


Testing Installer

1. Testing Installer Installation Guide: (TBA)


Manjaro 0.8.0 and 0.8.1

1. Installation Guide for Beginners: This guide covers the automatic preparation of your computer's hard disk, which will be undertaken by the installer for you. Although optional, detailed explanations have also been provided to manually edit configuration files if desired, in order to improve performance. Please note that using this guide will result in completely erasing your hard disk during the installation process. Manjaro will be installed alone, so backup your personal files first!

2. Installation Guide for Experienced Users: This guide covers the manual preparation of your computer's hard disk, where partitioning must be undertaken by hand. Manually partitioning the hard drive provides the ability to retain and therefore dual-boot with any other operating system already installed. As some technical knowledge and experience is assumed, the guide is also provides more brief explanations.


See Also

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