Manjaro

Difference between revisions of "File Systems/fa"

(Created page with "====نصب====")
Tags: Mobile web edit Mobile edit
 
(Updating to match new version of source page)
Tags: Mobile web edit Mobile edit
 
(2 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
<languages/>
<languages/>
[[File:Page Under Construction.jpg|thumb|center|Page under construction]]
 
__TOC__
__TOC__
This page provides information on some of the file systems commonly used in Manjaro. It also shows where and how they are used. Further information on these and other file systems can be found in the ARCH Wiki
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
This page provides information on some of the filesystems commonly used in Manjaro. It also shows where and how they are used. Further information on these and other filesystems can be found in the ARCH Wiki.
</div>


A file system manages the space on a storage medium (hard disk, SSD ...). It makes this memory available to the operating system so that files can be saved and read again. Each of the following file systems has advantages and disadvantages. They are mostly developed for a special purpose and are therefore used in a certain environment.
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
A filesystem manages the space on a storage medium (hard disk, SSD ...). It makes this memory available to the operating system so that files can be saved and read again. Each of the following filesystems has advantages and disadvantages. They are mostly developed for a special purpose and are therefore used in a certain environment.
</div>


== لینوکس ==
== لینوکس ==


File systems that are mostly used under linux.
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
filesystems that are mostly used under Linux.
</div>


Note that many file system drivers are already included in the Linux kernel. You may not need anything else to mount, read, or write these filesystems. But there are packages with additional tools. You may need them to format, check, repair, modify, or optimize such file systems. So if you regularly use a file system, it is a good idea to install the appropriate tools
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Note that many filesystem drivers are already included in the Linux kernel. You may not need anything else to mount, read, or write these filesystems. But there are packages with additional tools. You may need them to format, check, repair, modify, or optimize such filesystems. So if you regularly use a filesystem, it is a good idea to install the appropriate tools.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
=== Ext2 → Ext3 → Ext4 ===
=== Ext2 → Ext3 → Ext4 ===
</div>


Ext4 is the default file system in Manjaro at the moment. It is the evolution of the most used Linux filesystems (Ext3, Ext2) and promises improved design, better performance, reliability, and features over its predecessors.
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Ext4 was previously the default file system in Manjaro. It is the successor to the most widely used Linux file systems (Ext3, Ext2) and promises improved design, higher performance, reliability, and more features compared to its predecessors.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
If you are using Ext2 or Ext3, you can convert the partition to Ext4. Ext4 uses journaling, checksums and write barriers and is therefore more robust against damage.
If you are using Ext2 or Ext3, you can convert the partition to Ext4. Ext4 uses journaling, checksums and write barriers and is therefore more robust against damage.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Currently Ext4 is fully supported in Win10 and OsX. Support for ext4 has been built in since WSL is included in Win10 (2016).
Currently Ext4 is fully supported in Win10 and OsX. Support for ext4 has been built in since WSL is included in Win10 (2016).
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
see [https://ext4.wiki.kernel.org/ Ext4@kernel.org], [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Ext4 Ext4@ARCH-wiki], [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext4 Ext4@wikipedia]  
see [https://ext4.wiki.kernel.org/ Ext4@kernel.org], [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Ext4 Ext4@ARCH-wiki], [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext4 Ext4@wikipedia]  
<br>For advanced optimizations see  [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Ext4#Improving_performance Improving Ext4 performance@Archwiki].
<br>For advanced optimizations see  [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Ext4#Improving_performance Improving Ext4 performance@Archwiki].
</div>


====نصب====
====نصب====


In manjaro e2fsprogs is already installed
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
In Manjaro, e2fsprogs is already installed
</div>


===btrfs===
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===[[Btrfs]]===
</div>


A modern '''C'''opy '''o'''n '''W'''rite file system for Linux aimed at implementing advanced features while also focusing on '''fault tolerance''', '''repair''' and '''easy administration'''. Btrfs not only is a file system, but also is partly a volume manager, software-raid, backup-tool, and it is flash-friendly.
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
A modern '''C'''opy '''o'''n '''W'''rite filesystem for Linux aimed at implementing advanced features while also focusing on '''fault tolerance''', '''repair''' and '''easy administration'''. [[Btrfs]] not only is a filesystem, but also is partly a volume manager, software-raid, backup-tool, and it is flash-friendly.
</div>


Because btrfs is different, some things seem unfamiliar and strange. Then [https://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Main_Page btrfs.wiki.kernel.org] is a good starting point to search for answers.
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[[Btrfs]] is now the default file system in Manjaro. Because [[Btrfs]] works differently, some things may seem unfamiliar and strange. The [[Btrfs]] page is therefore a good starting point for finding answers and gaining a better understanding of [[Btrfs]].
</div>


Development of Btrfs started in 2007. Since that time, Btrfs is a part of the Linux kernel and is under active development. The Btrfs code base is '''stable'''. However, new features are still under development. Its main features and benefits are:
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
* '''Snapshots''' which do not make the full copy of files
Development of Btrfs started in 2007. Since that time, Btrfs is a part of the Linux kernel and is under active development. The Btrfs code base is '''[https://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Status stable] .''' However, new features are still under development. Its main features and benefits are:
* '''Snapshots''' which do not make a full copy of files
* '''RAID''' - support for software-based RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 10
* '''RAID''' - support for software-based RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 10
* '''Self-healing''' - checksums for data and metadata, automatic detection of silent data corruptions
* '''Self-healing''' - checksums for data and metadata, automatic detection of silent data corruptions
</div>


see [https://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Main_Page btrfs@kernel.org], [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Btrfs Btrfs@ARC-wiki], [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Btrfs Btrfs@wikipedia]
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
see [[Btrfs]], [https://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Main_Page Btrfs@kernel.org], [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Btrfs Btrfs@ARCH-wiki], [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Btrfs Btrfs@wikipedia]
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{BoxWarning|Maintenance|When using snapshots, you must be particularly careful not to use up all the space on the file system -> [[Btrfs#Out_of_space]]}}
</div>


====نصب====
====نصب====


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=pamac install btrfs-progs}}
{{UserCmd|command=pamac install btrfs-progs}}
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
=== ReiserFS → reiser4 ===
</div>


=== reiserfs → reiser4 ===
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
ReiserFS was the first journaling filesystem to be included in the standard kernel. It was actively used by some distros some time ago, but is not currently widely used. Reiser4 is the successor to ReiserFS(3). However, Reiser4 seems not to be integrated in the kernel yet.
</div>


Reiserf was the first journaling filesystem to be included in the standard kernel. It was actively used by some distros some time ago, but is not currently widely used. Reiser4 is the successor to reiserfs(3). However, Reiser4 seems not to be integrated in the kernel yet.
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{BoxWarning|As of kernel 6.13|reiserFS will no longer be supported.}}
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
see [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Reiser4 Reiser4@ARCH-wiki], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReiserFS ReiserFS@wikipedia], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiser4 Reiser4@wikipedia], [https://reiser4.wiki.kernel.org/ Reiser4@kernel.org]
see [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Reiser4 Reiser4@ARCH-wiki], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReiserFS ReiserFS@wikipedia], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiser4 Reiser4@wikipedia], [https://reiser4.wiki.kernel.org/ Reiser4@kernel.org]
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
====Install====
====Install====
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=pamac install reiserfsprogs reiser4progs}}
{{UserCmd|command=pamac install reiserfsprogs reiser4progs}}
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Windows ==
== Windows ==
</div>


File systems mostly used in windows
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
filesystems mostly used in windows
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
=== NTFS ===
=== NTFS ===
</div>


It is the most widely used file system on windows these days. It does exist in different versions, but unlike FAT32, all of them offer the following points:
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
It is the most widely used filesystem on windows these days. It does exist in different versions, but unlike FAT32, all of them offer the following points:
* Large files> 4GB
* Large files> 4GB
* Long file names with UTF16 up to 255 characters
* Long file names with UTF16 up to 255 characters
Line 66: Line 123:
* Journaling of metadata
* Journaling of metadata
* Compression, encryption, ...
* Compression, encryption, ...
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Currently there are some restrictions when using NTFS with Linux. If windows is suddenly switched off or goes into hibernating, the NTFS filesystem is left in a "dirty-state". When Windows starts again, NTFS is the first to be cleaned. This operation is currently not supported by the Linux driver. Then Linux shows the NTFS filesystem as read-only to be on the safe side. The same thing may happen, when NTFS becomes damaged.
</div>


Currently there are some restrictions when using NTFS with Linux. If windows is suddenly switched off or goes into hibernating, the NTFS file system is left in a "dirty-state". When Windows starts again, NTFS is the first to be cleaned. This operation is currently not supported by the Linux driver. Then Linux shows the NTFS file system as read-only to be on the safe side.
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
see [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/NTFS NTFS@ARCH-wiki], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS NTFS@wikipedia]
</div>


{{warning |If you regularly switch between Windows and Linux, you should switch off "hibernation", "Hybrid Boot", "Fast Boot" in Windows. Then Linux has allways full (read / write) access to NTFS drives.}}
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{BoxWarning|If you regularly switch between Windows and Linux|You should switch off "hibernation", "Hybrid Boot", "Fast Boot" in Windows. Then Linux has always full (read / write) access to NTFS drives.
* [https://forum.manjaro.org/t/all-of-my-files-are-in-read-only-mode/83777/7 all-of-my-files-are-in-read-only-mode@forum]
}}
</div>


see [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/NTFS NTFS@ARCH-wiki], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS NTFS@wikipedia]
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{BoxDanger|If your NTFS file system becomes corrupted|It is strongly recommended that you only repair the file system using the original Windows tools. Anything else is highly risky.
}}
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
====Install====
====Install====
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=pamac install ntfs-3g}}
{{UserCmd|command=pamac install ntfs-3g}}
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== DOS ==
== DOS ==
</div>


File systems under DOS and early windows on a lot of floppydisks and USB-sticks
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
filesystems under DOS and early windows on a lot of floppydisks and USB-sticks
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
=== FAT16 → FAT32 (+VFAT) ===
=== FAT16 → FAT32 (+VFAT) ===
</div>


This is a traditional file system under DOS and early Windows versions. Even today it can be found on many floppy disks, USB sticks and hard drives. It is supported by all types of operating systems and is therefore often used to exchange files, to pass them on, or to keep them accessible to both operating systems in the case of dualboot.
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
This is a traditional filesystem under DOS and early Windows versions. Even today it can be found on many floppy disks, USB sticks and hard drives. It is supported by all types of operating systems and is therefore often used to exchange files, to pass them on, or to keep them accessible to both operating systems in the case of dualboot.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Even with FAT32, this comes not without its disadvantages.
Even with FAT32, this comes not without its disadvantages.
* no support for user rights or xattr
* no support for user rights or xattr
Line 91: Line 175:
* no journaling
* no journaling
* not robust
* not robust
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{warning | FAT Filesystems do not use journaling. Data on such filesystems is vulnerable to irreparable corruption due to ''improper ejection or power outage''.}}
{{warning | FAT Filesystems do not use journaling. Data on such filesystems is vulnerable to irreparable corruption due to ''improper ejection or power outage''.}}
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
see [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/FAT FAT@ARCH-wiki], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Allocation_Table FAT@wikipedia]
see [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/FAT FAT@ARCH-wiki], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Allocation_Table FAT@wikipedia]
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
====Install====
====Install====
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=pamac install dosfstools}}
{{UserCmd|command=pamac install dosfstools}}
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
=== exFAT ===
=== exFAT ===
</div>


Microsoft developed the exFAT (Extended File Alocation Table) in 2006 and optimized it for flash memories such as USB sticks and SD cards. It can store large files and large numbers of files, and it can manage very large partitions. It is supported by Linux, Windows, macOS and many other devices and is one of the most compatible file systems. ExFAT is included in Linux 5.4.
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Microsoft developed the exFAT (Extended File Allocation Table) in 2006 and optimized it for flash memories such as USB sticks and SD cards. It can store large files and large numbers of files, and it can manage very large partitions. It is supported by Linux, Windows, macOS and many other devices and is one of the most compatible filesystems. ExFAT is included in Linux 5.4 and higher.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
* Flash friendly
* Flash friendly
* No support for user rights or xattr
* No support for user rights or xattr
Line 110: Line 208:
* No journal
* No journal
* Not robust
* Not robust
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{warning | exFAT FS does not use journaling. Data on such a filesystem is vulnerable to irreparable corruption due to ''improper ejection or power outage''.}}
{{warning | exFAT FS does not use journaling. Data on such a filesystem is vulnerable to irreparable corruption due to ''improper ejection or power outage''.}}
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ExFAT ExFAT@wikipedia]
see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ExFAT ExFAT@wikipedia]
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
====Install====
====Install====
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=pamac install exfatprogs}}
{{UserCmd|command=pamac install exfatprogs}}
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== macOS ==
== macOS ==
</div>


Filesystems mostly used in macOs
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Filesystems mostly used in macOS
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
=== HFS → HFS+ ===
=== HFS → HFS+ ===
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HFS_Plus HFSPlus@wikipedia]
see [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HFS_Plus HFSPlus@wikipedia]
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
====Install from AUR====
====Install from AUR====
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=pamac install hfsprogs}}
{{UserCmd|command=pamac install hfsprogs}}
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Others ==
== Others ==
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
=== XFS ===
=== XFS ===
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
see [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/XFS XFS@ARCH-wiki]
see [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/XFS XFS@ARCH-wiki]
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
===ZFS===
===ZFS===
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
see [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/ZFS ZFS@ARCH-wiki]
see [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/ZFS ZFS@ARCH-wiki]
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==Comparisions==
==Comparisions==
</div>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Possible usage of Filesystems
|+<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Possible usage of Filesystems</span>
|-
|-
! Filesystem !! manjaro !! Win10 !! OsX !! Win9x, DOS
!Filesystem!!Manjaro!!Win10!!OSX!!Win9x, DOS
|-
|-
|ext2||●||▷ ExtFS||●||  
|btrfs||● btrfs-progs||▷ ExtFS, WinBtrfs||-||-
|-
|-
|ext3/4||●||▷ ExtFS||?||  
|ext2||●||▷ ExtFS||●||
|-
|-
|btrfs||● btrfs-progs||▷ ExtFS, WinBtrfs||-||-
|ext3/4||●||▷ ExtFS||?||
|-
|-
|reiser3||● reiser4progs||▷ RFSTool||?||-
|reiser3||● reiser4progs||▷ RFSTool||?||-
|-
|-
|reiser4||○ reiserfs||?||?||-
|NTFS||○ ntfs-3g<br>▶ 5.15?? ntfs3||●||?||
|-
|FAT32||● dosfstools||●||●||●
|-
|-
|NTFS||○ ntfs-3g<br>▶ 5.15?? ntfs3||●||?||  
|exFAT||▶ 5.4 exfatprogs||●||?||?
|-
|-
|FAT32||● dosfstools||●||●|| ●
|HFS||○ hfsprogs (AUR)||?||●||
|-
|-
|exFAT||▶ 5.4 exfatprogs||●||?||?
|XFS||?||▷ ExtFS||?||
|-
|-
|HFS||○ hfsprogs (AUR)||?||●||  
|ZFS||?||?||?||
|-
|-
|XFS||?||▷ ExtFS||?||
|F2FS||?||?||?||
|-
|-
|ZFS||?||?||?||
|JFS||?||?||?||
|}
|}


Line 176: Line 309:
  ? = برای توسعه راحت باشید ;-)
  ? = برای توسعه راحت باشید ;-)


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Some important properties
|+ Some important properties
|-
|-
! Properties !!ext2!!ext3!!ext4!!btrfs||reiserfs(3)||XFS
! Properties ||btrfs||ext4||ext3||ext2||XFS||ZFS||F2FS||JFS
|-
|journaling ||● full||● ordered||● ordered||-||●
|-
|-
|journaling ||-||● ordered||● ordered||● full||▶ 2.6||●
|barriers ||●||●||?||-
|-
|-
|barriers ||-||||●||●
|checksum ||● full||◎ metadata||-||-
|-
|-
|checksum ||-||-||◎ metadata||● full||●
|kompression||●,<br><small>zstd ▶ 4.14/5.1</small>||-||-||-||
|-
|-
|kompression||-||-||-||●,<br><small>zstd ▶ 4.14/5.1</small>||
|encryption||-||▶ 4.13||-||-
|-
|-
|encryption||-||-||▶ 4.13||-
|snapshots||●||-||-||-||
|-
|-
|snapshots||-||-||-||●||-
|TRIM possible||▶ 4.3||▶ 2.6.33||-||-
|-
|-
|TRIM possible||-||-||▶ 2.6.33||▶ 4.3
|xattr, ACL||ACL||ACL||?||◎||ACL
|-
|-
|xattr, ACL||◎||?||ACL||ACL||ACL
|small repair||● auto||● fsck||● fsck||● fsck
|-
|-
|small repair||● fsck||● fsck||● fsck||● auto||reiserfsck
|journal repair||● auto 3.2||● fsck||● fsck||● fsck||
|-
|-
|journal repair||● fsck||● fsck||● fsck||● auto 3.2||
|repair after power loss||● auto, scrub||● tune2fs, fsck||?||-||
|-
|-
|repair after power loss||-||?||● tune2fs, fsck||● auto, scrub||
|RAID||0, 1, 10||-||-||-||
|-
|-
|since||1993||2001||2008||2009||2001
|since||2009||2008||2001||1993||
|}
|}
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
=See also=
=See also=
</div>


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ExFAT ویکی‌پدیا:exFAT]<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ExFAT ویکی‌پدیا:exFAT]<br />
[https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%87_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87 ویکی‌پدیا: مقایسه سیستم‌های پرونده ]<br />
[https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%87_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87 ویکی‌پدیا: مقایسه سیستم‌های پرونده ]<br />
[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Filesystems Archwiki:File Systems]<br />  
[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Filesystems Archwiki:File Systems]<br />
</div>  
[[Category:Contents Page{{#translation:}}]]
[[Category:Contents Page{{#translation:}}]]
[[Category:File Systems{{#translation:}}]]
[[Category:filesystems{{#translation:}}]]

Latest revision as of 10:51, 20 November 2025

Other languages:
English • ‎Türkçe • ‎français • ‎русский • ‎فارسی

This page provides information on some of the filesystems commonly used in Manjaro. It also shows where and how they are used. Further information on these and other filesystems can be found in the ARCH Wiki.

A filesystem manages the space on a storage medium (hard disk, SSD ...). It makes this memory available to the operating system so that files can be saved and read again. Each of the following filesystems has advantages and disadvantages. They are mostly developed for a special purpose and are therefore used in a certain environment.

لینوکس

filesystems that are mostly used under Linux.

Note that many filesystem drivers are already included in the Linux kernel. You may not need anything else to mount, read, or write these filesystems. But there are packages with additional tools. You may need them to format, check, repair, modify, or optimize such filesystems. So if you regularly use a filesystem, it is a good idea to install the appropriate tools.

Ext2 → Ext3 → Ext4

Ext4 was previously the default file system in Manjaro. It is the successor to the most widely used Linux file systems (Ext3, Ext2) and promises improved design, higher performance, reliability, and more features compared to its predecessors.

If you are using Ext2 or Ext3, you can convert the partition to Ext4. Ext4 uses journaling, checksums and write barriers and is therefore more robust against damage.

Currently Ext4 is fully supported in Win10 and OsX. Support for ext4 has been built in since WSL is included in Win10 (2016).

see Ext4@kernel.org, Ext4@ARCH-wiki, Ext4@wikipedia
For advanced optimizations see Improving Ext4 performance@Archwiki.

نصب

In Manjaro, e2fsprogs is already installed

Btrfs

A modern Copy on Write filesystem for Linux aimed at implementing advanced features while also focusing on fault tolerance, repair and easy administration. Btrfs not only is a filesystem, but also is partly a volume manager, software-raid, backup-tool, and it is flash-friendly.

Btrfs is now the default file system in Manjaro. Because Btrfs works differently, some things may seem unfamiliar and strange. The Btrfs page is therefore a good starting point for finding answers and gaining a better understanding of Btrfs.

Development of Btrfs started in 2007. Since that time, Btrfs is a part of the Linux kernel and is under active development. The Btrfs code base is stable . However, new features are still under development. Its main features and benefits are:

  • Snapshots which do not make a full copy of files
  • RAID - support for software-based RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 10
  • Self-healing - checksums for data and metadata, automatic detection of silent data corruptions

see Btrfs, Btrfs@kernel.org, Btrfs@ARCH-wiki, Btrfs@wikipedia

Maintenance
When using snapshots, you must be particularly careful not to use up all the space on the file system -> Btrfs#Out_of_space

نصب

user $ pamac install btrfs-progs COPY TO CLIPBOARD

ReiserFS → reiser4

ReiserFS was the first journaling filesystem to be included in the standard kernel. It was actively used by some distros some time ago, but is not currently widely used. Reiser4 is the successor to ReiserFS(3). However, Reiser4 seems not to be integrated in the kernel yet.

As of kernel 6.13
reiserFS will no longer be supported.

see Reiser4@ARCH-wiki, ReiserFS@wikipedia, Reiser4@wikipedia, Reiser4@kernel.org

Install

user $ pamac install reiserfsprogs reiser4progs COPY TO CLIPBOARD

Windows

filesystems mostly used in windows

NTFS

It is the most widely used filesystem on windows these days. It does exist in different versions, but unlike FAT32, all of them offer the following points:

  • Large files> 4GB
  • Long file names with UTF16 up to 255 characters
  • Rights management, ACL
  • Journaling of metadata
  • Compression, encryption, ...

Currently there are some restrictions when using NTFS with Linux. If windows is suddenly switched off or goes into hibernating, the NTFS filesystem is left in a "dirty-state". When Windows starts again, NTFS is the first to be cleaned. This operation is currently not supported by the Linux driver. Then Linux shows the NTFS filesystem as read-only to be on the safe side. The same thing may happen, when NTFS becomes damaged.

see NTFS@ARCH-wiki, NTFS@wikipedia

If you regularly switch between Windows and Linux
You should switch off "hibernation", "Hybrid Boot", "Fast Boot" in Windows. Then Linux has always full (read / write) access to NTFS drives.
If your NTFS file system becomes corrupted
It is strongly recommended that you only repair the file system using the original Windows tools. Anything else is highly risky.

Install

user $ pamac install ntfs-3g COPY TO CLIPBOARD

DOS

filesystems under DOS and early windows on a lot of floppydisks and USB-sticks

FAT16 → FAT32 (+VFAT)

This is a traditional filesystem under DOS and early Windows versions. Even today it can be found on many floppy disks, USB sticks and hard drives. It is supported by all types of operating systems and is therefore often used to exchange files, to pass them on, or to keep them accessible to both operating systems in the case of dualboot.

Even with FAT32, this comes not without its disadvantages.

  • no support for user rights or xattr
  • severely restricted file names (8.3 or LFN for VFAT, no distinction between lowercase and uppercase)
  • no files over 2GB (FAT16) 4GB (FAT32)
  • no journaling
  • not robust
Warning
FAT Filesystems do not use journaling. Data on such filesystems is vulnerable to irreparable corruption due to improper ejection or power outage.

see FAT@ARCH-wiki, FAT@wikipedia

Install

user $ pamac install dosfstools COPY TO CLIPBOARD

exFAT

Microsoft developed the exFAT (Extended File Allocation Table) in 2006 and optimized it for flash memories such as USB sticks and SD cards. It can store large files and large numbers of files, and it can manage very large partitions. It is supported by Linux, Windows, macOS and many other devices and is one of the most compatible filesystems. ExFAT is included in Linux 5.4 and higher.

  • Flash friendly
  • No support for user rights or xattr
  • Files over 4 GB
  • Checksums for metadata
  • No journal
  • Not robust
Warning
exFAT FS does not use journaling. Data on such a filesystem is vulnerable to irreparable corruption due to improper ejection or power outage.

see ExFAT@wikipedia

Install

user $ pamac install exfatprogs COPY TO CLIPBOARD

macOS

Filesystems mostly used in macOS

HFS → HFS+

see HFSPlus@wikipedia

Install from AUR

user $ pamac install hfsprogs COPY TO CLIPBOARD

Others

XFS

see XFS@ARCH-wiki

ZFS

see ZFS@ARCH-wiki

Comparisions

Possible usage of Filesystems
Filesystem Manjaro Win10 OSX Win9x, DOS
btrfs ● btrfs-progs ▷ ExtFS, WinBtrfs - -
ext2 ● ▷ ExtFS ●
ext3/4 ● ▷ ExtFS ?
reiser3 ● reiser4progs ▷ RFSTool ? -
NTFS ○ ntfs-3g
▶ 5.15?? ntfs3		 ● ?
FAT32 ● dosfstools ● ● ●
exFAT ▶ 5.4 exfatprogs ● ? ?
HFS ○ hfsprogs (AUR) ? ●
XFS ? ▷ ExtFS ?
ZFS ? ? ?
F2FS ? ? ?
JFS ? ? ? 
● = کامل پشتیبانی می‌شود
▶ =  از زمان کرنل نسخه x.x.x وجود دارد
○ = به صورت جزئی پشتیبانی می‌شود
▷ = به کمک ابزارهای خارجی امکان دارد.
? = برای توسعه راحت باشید ;-)
Some important properties
Properties btrfs ext4 ext3 ext2 XFS ZFS F2FS JFS
journaling ● full ● ordered ● ordered - ●
barriers ● ● ? -
checksum ● full ◎ metadata - -
kompression ●,
zstd ▶ 4.14/5.1		 - - -
encryption - ▶ 4.13 - -
snapshots ● - - -
TRIM possible ▶ 4.3 ▶ 2.6.33 - -
xattr, ACL ACL ACL ? ◎ ACL
small repair ● auto ● fsck ● fsck ● fsck
journal repair ● auto 3.2 ● fsck ● fsck ● fsck
repair after power loss ● auto, scrub ● tune2fs, fsck ? -
RAID 0, 1, 10 - - -
since 2009 2008 2001 1993

See also

ویکی‌پدیا:exFAT
ویکی‌پدیا: مقایسه سیستم‌های پرونده
Archwiki:File Systems

Retrieved from "https://wiki.manjaro.org/index.php?title=File_Systems/fa&oldid=55079"