Manjaro Difference between revisions of "UEFI - Install Guide/zh-cn"

Difference between revisions of "UEFI - Install Guide/zh-cn"

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= 前言 =
= 前言 =


  UEFI is the commonly agreed on name for both the EFI & UEFI  
  UEFI 通常是指已经合并的 EFI 标准和 UEFI 标准的统称，但是它不包括旧版本的 EFI v1，也不包括苹果公司（Apple）自己的非标准版本的 EFI。
standards which merged. It does not include the old EFI v1,
or Apple's own non-standard version of EFI.


= Target computer =
= 目标计算机 =


The following guide aims to install Manjaro on a machine with UEFI enabled, Secure boot disabled, and using GUID Partition Table (GPT) disk(s).
本篇指南主要针对于在启用 UEFI、禁用安全启动（Secure boot）、以及使用 GUID 分区表的计算机上安装 Manjaro 的场景。


For multi-boot, the EFI system partition which is already present (or will be created), can usually be shared amongst multiple Linux installs.
对于多系统启动、已经有（或者准备创建）EFI 系统分区的情况，通常需要阅读多系统安装指南。


= The steps =
= 步骤 =


== Common ==
== 前置步骤（Common） ==


* 1. Download your preferred Manjaro version (XFCE, Openbox, Cinnamon, KDE, ...), must be 64-bits.
1、下载您自己偏爱的 Manjaro 版本，比如 XFCE, Gnome, KDE, Budgie, Cinnamon, I3, Sway 或者 Mate。


* 2. Burn the .iso to USB or DVD. See [[Burn_an_ISO_File]] for more details.
2、把下载好的 .iso 文件烧录到 USB 或者 DVD，请移步  [[Special:MyLanguage/Burn_an_ISO_File|烧录 ISO 文件]] 阅读详细刻录指南。


* 3. Check your BIOS, UEFI must be ON and Secure boot OFF.
3、检查您的 BIOS，必须启用 UEFI，以及禁用安全启动（Secure boot）。


* 4. Boot with your USB or DVD & use the rEFInd - Main Menu... to choose which GPU drivers you want to have installed, the open-source or proprietary:
4、启动您刚刚刻录好的 USB 或者 DVD，通过 rEFInd - 主菜单选择您想要安装的 GPU 驱动,开源驱动或者是专有驱动


  * Boot Manjaro Linux ... (default) -  
  * 通过开源驱动启动 -  
   This chooses the ''open-source - free'' GPU drivers.
   选择 ''open-source - free'' GPU drivers
* Boot Manjaro Linux ... (nonfree) -  
* 通过专有驱动启动 -  
   This option chooses the '''proprietary''' GPU drivers
   选择 '''proprietary''' GPU drivers
   from Nvidia or ATI.
   from Nvidia or ATI


=== Graphical Installer ===
=== 图形化安装 ===


{{BoxSuccess|tip|Since Manjaro-0.8.9, UEFI support is also provided in the Graphical Installer, so one can simply try the Graphical installer and skip the instructions given below for the CLI installer.}}
{{BoxSuccess|tip|自 Manjaro 0.8.9 版本开始，图形化安装已经支持 UEFI 安装，所以您也可以尝试图形化安装方式，直接跳过下边的命令行（CLI）安装指南即可。}}


To use the Graphical Installer select the '''Install Manjaro''' option from the Manjaro Welcome screen or from the desktop.
直接从 Manjaro 欢迎界面或者桌面选择 '''Install Manjaro''' 选项即可使用图形化安装器。


For the ESP (EFI system partition) which will store the EFI Grub binary, a 512mb partition of type fat32 can be created in the partitioning step, and mounted to ''/boot/efi''
对于 ESP（EFI系统分区），它将用于存储 EFI Grub 二进制文件，可以在分区步骤中给一个 512mb 分区，格式化为 fat32，并将其挂在到 ''/boot/efi''。


If you are dual booting then an EFI partition from a previous install can also be used.
如果您是双系统启动的话，也可以使用之前安装的 EFI 分区。


=== CLI installer ===
=== 命令行（CLI）安装 ===


* 5-b. Open terminal & enter:
* 5-b、打开终端（terminal）并输入：


{{UserCmd|command=sudo setup}}
{{UserCmd|command=sudo setup}}


* 6. Now, we are in the CLI Installer.
* 6、现在我们就打开命令行（CLI）安装了。


* 7. ''Choose 1.'' Set date and time - an easy intuitive configuration.
* 7、''选择 1.'' 设置日期和时间 - 一个简单的配置


==== Disk preparation ====
==== 磁盘分区 ====


{{BoxSuccess|tip|If your hard disk is already partitioned the way you want, then this step can be skipped.}}
{{BoxSuccess|tip|如果您已经使用自己喜欢的方式给硬盘分区好了，那这个就可以跳过了。}}


  * When you ''click 2.'' Partition Hard Drives,
  * 当您 ''点击 2.'' 磁盘分区，将会出现一个对话框 "是否使用 GUID 分区表 (GPT)", '''选择 Yes'''.
  you get a dialog saying "Do you want to use GUID
* 按自己喜欢的方式的给磁盘进行分区（手动分区方式已经超出本篇指南的范畴，可以移步[[Special:MyLanguage/Cfdisk_Basic_Partitioning_Scenarios|这里]] 获取详情）
  Partition Table (GPT)", '''choose Yes'''.
* ''最重要的一步：'' 创建一个 50~250MB 的 EFI 分区，我自己的是 100MB (分区代码是: ef00)
* Partition your disk(s) as you want (Instructions on
  manually partitioning are beyond the scope of this
  guide, some deatils are available [[Cfdisk_Basic_Partitioning_Scenarios|here]]).
* ''Important Step:'' Create a 50~250MB EFI Partition,
  mine is 100MB (code: ef00)


==== Setting filesystem mount points ====
==== 设置文件系统和挂载点 ====


  * After the partitioning is done, go to ''4. Set Filesystem''
  * 完成分区之后，在到 ''4. 设置文件系统''
   ''Mountpoints.''
   ''挂载点''
* '''Important Step:''' Format the EFI Partition you
* '''重要步骤''' 将您创建的 EFI 分区格式化为 '''VFAT''' 并挂载到 /boot/efi
  created as '''VFAT''' and mount on /boot/efi


{{BoxInfo|note|If you are re-using your EFI partition (that was created by Windows previously (or any other OS), then there is no need to format. Formatting will wipe the previous bootloader. Only mounting the EFI partition as '''/boot/efi''' is required in that case.}}
{{BoxInfo|note|如果您是复用(之前存在的由 Windows 或其他操作系统创建的)的 EFI 分区 , 那就没有必要格式化它了。格式化会檫除之前存在的启动器(bootloader)，这种情况下，只需要挂载 EFI 分区到 '''/boot/efi'''就可以了。}}


==== Installation ====
==== 安装 ====


* 9. ''Choose 3.'' Install system and wait...
* 9. ''选择 3.'' 安装系统并等待...


* 10. Now, go to ''4. Configure System'' and configure it the way you like (username, password, mirrorlist, system-name, ...).
* 10. 至此, 到 ''4. 配置系统''，安装自己喜欢的去配置 (用户（username）, 密码（password）, 镜像源（mirrorlist）, 系统名（system-name）等...).


* 11. When you are done, go to ''5. Install bootloader.'' Choose EFI_x86_64 > GRUB (2) UEFI x86_64,  ''DON'T select BIOS GRUB.''
* 11. 完成之后, 到 ''5. 安装启动器'' 选择 EFI_x86_64 > GRUB (2) UEFI x86_64， ''不要选择 BIOS GRUB.''


* 11.1 It will ask to format the EFI Partition you created earlier as FAT32, yes can be chosen.
* 11.1 它会询问是否格式您刚刚创建的 EFI 分区为 FAT32，可以选择“是”。
{{BoxInfo|note|Formatting not required if reusing previous EFI partition.}}
{{BoxInfo|note|如果过是复用之前的 EFI 分区，则不用格式化}}


* 12. If it gives a error in the final stages saying "efivars kernel module was not properly loaded", don't worry, the system will work fine!
* 12. 如果在最后阶段有提示说 “efivars 内核模块未正确加载”，也不用担心，系统是正常的。


* 13. If the installer asks you about copying grub/efi files to another folder in order to maintain compatibility in some systems, choose Yes.
* 13. 如果安装器询问您是否复制 grub/efi 文件到另一个文件夹，以便在某些系统上处理兼容性，选择“是（Yes）”就可以了


* 14. ''Click 6.'' Quit
* 14. ''点击 6.'' 退出（Quit）


* 15. Shutdown, remove the DVD or USB, and boot. Your system should appear now!
* 15. 关机，然后移除 DVD 或者 USB，最后重启电脑，您的新系统就可以了。


= Switching from BIOS to UEFI =
= 从 BIOS 切换到 UEFI =


1) You need to create an ''ESP (EFI System Partition)''.
1) 您首先需要创建一个 ''ESP (EFI 系统分区)''.


It is a FAT32 partition which has the .efi files for booting, which you can create using gparted or gdisk. (Size at least 200-300 MiB.) Ensure the flags `boot` and `esp` are set on this partition.
它是一个 FAT32 分区，里边包含用于启动的 .efi 文件，您可以通过 gparted 或者 gdisk 来创建它 (大小为 200-300 MiB)，并且要确保给分区设置  `boot` 和 `esp` 标记。


You should also install/check whether following packages are present-
您应该安装/检查一下包是否存在：


  1. efibootmgr
  1. efibootmgr
2. dosfstools
2. dosfstools
3. grub
3. grub


[[Pacman_Overview | (How to install packages)]]
[[Special:MyLanguage/Pacman_Overview|(如何安装包)]]




<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
2) Create the ''/boot/efi'' directory
2) Create the ''/boot/efi'' directory
{{UserCmd|command=sudo mkdir /boot/efi}}
{{UserCmd|command=sudo mkdir /boot/efi}}
</div>




<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
3.) Mount the EFI partition as ''/boot/efi''
3.) Mount the EFI partition as ''/boot/efi''
  sudo mount /dev/sdXY /boot/efi
  sudo mount /dev/sdXY /boot/efi
X = Alphabet of the drive = a,b,c ...
X = Alphabet of the drive = a,b,c ...
Y = Partition number of the EFI partition = 1,2,3,4...
Y = Partition number of the EFI partition = 1,2,3,4...
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Example - ''/dev/sda4''
Example - ''/dev/sda4''
</div>




<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
4.) Install Grub according to UEFI
4.) Install Grub according to UEFI
{{UserCmd|command=sudo grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=manjaro --recheck}}
{{UserCmd|command=sudo grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=manjaro --recheck}}
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
5.) Update Grub configuration file.
5.) Update Grub configuration file.
{{UserCmd|command=sudo update-grub}}
{{UserCmd|command=sudo update-grub}}
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{BoxInfo|note|If you get an error like:}}
{{BoxInfo|note|If you get an error like:}}
  path '/boot/grub' is not readable by Grub on boot. Installation is impossible. Aborting
  path '/boot/grub' is not readable by Grub on boot. Installation is impossible. Aborting
</div>


Then you will need to [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Change_Root chroot] as described [[Restore_the_GRUB_Bootloader#Identify_and_Prepare_the_Installed_Partition.28s.29|here]], and then perform Step 5 again.
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Then you will need to [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Change_Root chroot] as described [[Special:MyLanguage/Restore_the_GRUB_Bootloader#Identify_and_Prepare_the_Installed_Partition.28s.29|here]], and then perform Step 5 again.
</div>


{{BoxInfo|note|If you get the following error:}}
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{BoxInfo|note|If you get the following error:
</div>


  EFI variables are not supported on this system.
  <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
EFI variables are not supported on this system.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
then you could load the '''efivarfs''' module :
then you could load the '''efivarfs''' module :
{{UserCmd|command=sudo modprobe efivarfs}}
{{UserCmd|command=sudo modprobe efivarfs}}
}}
</div>


'''另请参阅'''


'''See also'''
[[Special:MyLanguage/Restore the GRUB Bootloader|恢复 GRUB 启动器]]


[[Restore the GRUB Bootloader]]
[https://forum.manjaro.org/t/using-livecd-v17-0-1-as-grub-to-boot-os-with-broken-bootloader/24916 相关的论坛主题]


[https://forum.manjaro.org/t/using-livecd-v17-0-1-as-grub-to-boot-os-with-broken-bootloader/24916]
= 与 Windows 多启动 =
 
= Dual booting with Windows =


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{BoxSuccess|tip|Some manufactures EFI implementations cause GRUB not to be showed in the Boot Menu, or even if its there it can't be made default.}}
{{BoxSuccess|tip|Some manufactures EFI implementations cause GRUB not to be showed in the Boot Menu, or even if its there it can't be made default.}}
</div>




<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
'''In such cases ''[http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/index.html rEFInd]''''' can be used.
'''In such cases ''[http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/index.html rEFInd]''''' can be used.
</div>




<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[[File:Refind.png]]
[[File:Refind.png]]
</div>




There are two ways to install rEFInd-
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
There are two ways to install rEFInd:
</div>


1.Install rEFInd from its website [http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html] (detailed) or '''install using pacman'''''(preferred)''-
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
1.Install rEFInd from its [https://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html website] (detailed) or '''install using pacman'''''(preferred)'':
{{UserCmd|command=sudo pacman -S refind}}
{{UserCmd|command=sudo pacman -S refind}}
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Files will be present in  /usr/share/refind .
Files will be present in  /usr/share/refind .
</div>


2.Or using the instructions on the rEFInd website: [http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html]
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
2.Or using the instructions on the [http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html rEFInd website]
</div>


== Instructions ==
== 说明 ==


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The '''refind-install''' command can be used to automatically install rEFInd (the EFI partition may need to be mounted for this to work). See the [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/REFInd#Installation Arch wiki] for more details.
The '''refind-install''' command can be used to automatically install rEFInd (the EFI partition may need to be mounted for this to work). See the [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/REFInd#Installation Arch wiki] for more details.
</div>


=== Manual install ===
=== 手动安装 ===
 
Inside the refind folder ('''/usr/share/refind'''), copy the files and folders to-


/boot/efi/EFI/Boot/
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Inside the refind folder ('''/usr/share/refind'''), copy the files and folders to {{ic|/boot/efi/EFI/Boot/}}.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{BoxInfo|note|My ESP (EFI System Partition) is mounted at '''/boot/efi'''.}}
{{BoxInfo|note|My ESP (EFI System Partition) is mounted at '''/boot/efi'''.}}
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
You need to copy these files to the Boot folder on your EFI partition, and the Boot folder itself will be present inside the EFI folder on the EFI Partition, so take note of it.
You need to copy these files to the Boot folder on your EFI partition, and the Boot folder itself will be present inside the EFI folder on the EFI Partition, so take note of it.
</div>


You can check which partition is your ESP using Gparted; find which partition is formatted as fat32 and has size around 200mb-1gb.
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
You can check which partition is your ESP using Gparted; find which partition is formatted as fat32 and has size around 200MiB-1GiB.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Can mount it as /boot/efi by
Can mount it as /boot/efi by
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=sudo mount /dev/sdXN /boot/efi}}
{{UserCmd|command=sudo mount /dev/sdXN /boot/efi}}
X=a,b,c...
X=a,b,c...
N=1,2,3...
N=1,2,3...
These depend on which partition your ESP is present which can be obtained via Gparted as mentioned earlier.
These depend on which partition your ESP is present which can be obtained via Gparted as mentioned earlier.
</div>


Now inside the /boot/efi/EFI/Boot/ folder, there should already be a file present-
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Now inside the /boot/efi/EFI/Boot/ folder, there should already be a file present:
  bootx64.efi
  bootx64.efi
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
You can '''''rename''''' it as  ''windows.bootx64.efi''
You can '''''rename''''' it as  ''windows.bootx64.efi''
Then you can rename ''refind_x64.efi'' to ''bootx64.efi''
Then you can rename ''refind_x64.efi'' to ''bootx64.efi''
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The bootx64.efi files boot by default, hence rEFInd should now boot by default, and detect grubx64.efi(linux-manjaro) and efibootmgfw.efi (windows) automatically.
The bootx64.efi files boot by default, hence rEFInd should now boot by default, and detect grubx64.efi(linux-manjaro) and efibootmgfw.efi (windows) automatically.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{BoxInfo|note|A folder Manjaro (name could be some other also) containing the file ''grubx64.efi'' should also be present in '''/boot/efi/EFI/''' folder, which should contain the ''grubx64.efi'' file which will be used by rEFInd to boot Grub.}}
{{BoxInfo|note|A folder Manjaro (name could be some other also) containing the file ''grubx64.efi'' should also be present in '''/boot/efi/EFI/''' folder, which should contain the ''grubx64.efi'' file which will be used by rEFInd to boot Grub.}}
</div>


So it could be like-
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
So it could be like:
  /boot/efi/EFI/Manjaro/grubx64.efi
  /boot/efi/EFI/Manjaro/grubx64.efi
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
rEFInd would use this file for booting Manjaro.
rEFInd would use this file for booting Manjaro.
</div>


If you do not have this file or folder, try-
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
If you do not have this file or folder, try:
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=sudo grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=Manjaro --recheck}}
{{UserCmd|command=sudo grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=Manjaro --recheck}}
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
to create '''/boot/efi/EFI/Manjaro/grubx64.efi'''
to create '''/boot/efi/EFI/Manjaro/grubx64.efi'''
</div>




<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
See also- [http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html#naming http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html#naming]
See also- [http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html#naming http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html#naming]
</div>


=== An alternative: chainloading via GRUB ===
=== 另一个可选项：通过 GRUB 链式启动（chainloading）===




<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
An entry can be added to
An entry can be added to
{{File|file=/etc/grub.d/40_custom|
{{File|file=/etc/grub.d/40_custom|
Line 227: Line 286:
}}
}}
In this case (hd0,4) or /dev/sda4 is the EFI System partition where the Windows bootloader is present.
In this case (hd0,4) or /dev/sda4 is the EFI System partition where the Windows bootloader is present.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
After adding the above entry, running '''sudo update-grub''' updates the GRUB configuration file so that an entry named '''Windows8 (UEFI)''' is added to the GRUB boot menu.
After adding the above entry, running '''sudo update-grub''' updates the GRUB configuration file so that an entry named '''Windows8 (UEFI)''' is added to the GRUB boot menu.
</div>


Related Forum thread: [https://forum.manjaro.org/t/detecting-efi-files-and-booting-them-from-grub/38083]
[https://forum.manjaro.org/t/detecting-efi-files-and-booting-them-from-grub/38083 论坛相关话题]


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The chainloading will fail on some hardware (Lenovo Ideapad 110) with the "invalid signature" message - the Refind method will still work.
The chainloading will fail on some hardware (Lenovo Ideapad 110) with the "invalid signature" message - the Refind method will still work.
</div>


= Extras =
= 额外说明 =


== Using Rufus on Windows to create installation media ==
== 在 Windows 中使用 Rufus 创建安装媒介 ==


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[http://rufus.akeo.ie/ Rufus] users can use the following settings:
[http://rufus.akeo.ie/ Rufus] users can use the following settings:
</div>


  * Click on the DVD icon and load your .iso
  <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
* Click on the DVD icon and load your .iso
  * In the menu left of the DVD icon, select DD Image
  * In the menu left of the DVD icon, select DD Image
  * Device: "choose your USB" (Attention: choose correctly,
  * Device: "choose your USB" (Attention: choose correctly,
Line 249: Line 316:
  * Volume label: "Don't modify"
  * Volume label: "Don't modify"
  * Click Start, and you are done (takes 2~5 min to complete).
  * Click Start, and you are done (takes 2~5 min to complete).
</div>


= Feedback =
= 意见反馈 =


Questions, suggestions, critics? Please post here: [http://forum.manjaro.org/]
有任何问题、建议、批评? 请发布到 [https://forum.manjaro.org/ 这里]


= External Links =
= 外链 =


Youtube video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36tDZIXn3-k
Youtube 视频: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36tDZIXn3-k
[[Category:Contents Page{{#translation:}}]]
[[Category:Contents Page{{#translation:}}]]

Latest revision as of 23:25, 10 May 2023

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前言

UEFI 通常是指已经合并的 EFI 标准和 UEFI 标准的统称，但是它不包括旧版本的 EFI v1，也不包括苹果公司（Apple）自己的非标准版本的 EFI。

目标计算机

本篇指南主要针对于在启用 UEFI、禁用安全启动（Secure boot）、以及使用 GUID 分区表的计算机上安装 Manjaro 的场景。

对于多系统启动、已经有（或者准备创建）EFI 系统分区的情况，通常需要阅读多系统安装指南。

步骤

前置步骤（Common）

1、下载您自己偏爱的 Manjaro 版本，比如 XFCE, Gnome, KDE, Budgie, Cinnamon, I3, Sway 或者 Mate。

2、把下载好的 .iso 文件烧录到 USB 或者 DVD，请移步 烧录 ISO 文件 阅读详细刻录指南。

3、检查您的 BIOS，必须启用 UEFI，以及禁用安全启动（Secure boot）。

4、启动您刚刚刻录好的 USB 或者 DVD，通过 rEFInd - 主菜单选择您想要安装的 GPU 驱动,开源驱动或者是专有驱动 

* 通过开源驱动启动 - 
  选择 open-source - free GPU drivers
  • 通过专有驱动启动 -
  选择 proprietary GPU drivers
  from Nvidia or ATI

图形化安装

tip
自 Manjaro 0.8.9 版本开始，图形化安装已经支持 UEFI 安装，所以您也可以尝试图形化安装方式，直接跳过下边的命令行（CLI）安装指南即可。

直接从 Manjaro 欢迎界面或者桌面选择 Install Manjaro 选项即可使用图形化安装器。

对于 ESP（EFI系统分区），它将用于存储 EFI Grub 二进制文件，可以在分区步骤中给一个 512mb 分区，格式化为 fat32，并将其挂在到 /boot/efi。

如果您是双系统启动的话，也可以使用之前安装的 EFI 分区。

命令行（CLI）安装

  • 5-b、打开终端（terminal）并输入：
user $ sudo setup COPY TO CLIPBOARD


  • 6、现在我们就打开命令行（CLI）安装了。
  • 7、选择 1. 设置日期和时间 - 一个简单的配置

磁盘分区

tip
如果您已经使用自己喜欢的方式给硬盘分区好了，那这个就可以跳过了。
* 当您 点击 2. 磁盘分区，将会出现一个对话框 "是否使用 GUID 分区表 (GPT)", 选择 Yes.
  • 按自己喜欢的方式的给磁盘进行分区（手动分区方式已经超出本篇指南的范畴，可以移步这里 获取详情）
  • 最重要的一步： 创建一个 50~250MB 的 EFI 分区，我自己的是 100MB (分区代码是: ef00)

设置文件系统和挂载点

* 完成分区之后，在到 4. 设置文件系统
  挂载点
  • 重要步骤 将您创建的 EFI 分区格式化为 VFAT 并挂载到 /boot/efi


note
如果您是复用(之前存在的由 Windows 或其他操作系统创建的)的 EFI 分区 , 那就没有必要格式化它了。格式化会檫除之前存在的启动器(bootloader)，这种情况下，只需要挂载 EFI 分区到 /boot/efi就可以了。

安装

  • 9. 选择 3. 安装系统并等待...
  • 10. 至此, 到 4. 配置系统，安装自己喜欢的去配置 (用户（username）, 密码（password）, 镜像源（mirrorlist）, 系统名（system-name）等...).
  • 11. 完成之后, 到 5. 安装启动器 选择 EFI_x86_64 > GRUB (2) UEFI x86_64， 不要选择 BIOS GRUB.
  • 11.1 它会询问是否格式您刚刚创建的 EFI 分区为 FAT32，可以选择“是”。
note
如果过是复用之前的 EFI 分区，则不用格式化
  • 12. 如果在最后阶段有提示说 “efivars 内核模块未正确加载”，也不用担心，系统是正常的。
  • 13. 如果安装器询问您是否复制 grub/efi 文件到另一个文件夹，以便在某些系统上处理兼容性，选择“是（Yes）”就可以了
  • 14. 点击 6. 退出（Quit）
  • 15. 关机，然后移除 DVD 或者 USB，最后重启电脑，您的新系统就可以了。

从 BIOS 切换到 UEFI

1) 您首先需要创建一个 ESP (EFI 系统分区).

它是一个 FAT32 分区，里边包含用于启动的 .efi 文件，您可以通过 gparted 或者 gdisk 来创建它 (大小为 200-300 MiB)，并且要确保给分区设置 `boot` 和 `esp` 标记。

您应该安装/检查一下包是否存在： 

1. efibootmgr

2. dosfstools 3. grub

(如何安装包)


2) Create the /boot/efi directory

user $ sudo mkdir /boot/efi COPY TO CLIPBOARD


3.) Mount the EFI partition as /boot/efi 

sudo mount /dev/sdXY /boot/efi

X = Alphabet of the drive = a,b,c ... Y = Partition number of the EFI partition = 1,2,3,4...

Example - /dev/sda4


4.) Install Grub according to UEFI

user $ sudo grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=manjaro --recheck COPY TO CLIPBOARD

5.) Update Grub configuration file.

user $ sudo update-grub COPY TO CLIPBOARD

note
If you get an error like:
path '/boot/grub' is not readable by Grub on boot. Installation is impossible. Aborting

Then you will need to chroot as described here, and then perform Step 5 again.

note
{{{2}}}

另请参阅

恢复 GRUB 启动器

相关的论坛主题

与 Windows 多启动

tip
Some manufactures EFI implementations cause GRUB not to be showed in the Boot Menu, or even if its there it can't be made default.


In such cases rEFInd can be used.


Refind.png


There are two ways to install rEFInd:

1.Install rEFInd from its website (detailed) or install using pacman(preferred):

user $ sudo pacman -S refind COPY TO CLIPBOARD

Files will be present in /usr/share/refind .

2.Or using the instructions on the rEFInd website

说明

The refind-install command can be used to automatically install rEFInd (the EFI partition may need to be mounted for this to work). See the Arch wiki for more details.

手动安装

Inside the refind folder (/usr/share/refind), copy the files and folders to /boot/efi/EFI/Boot/.

note
My ESP (EFI System Partition) is mounted at /boot/efi.

You need to copy these files to the Boot folder on your EFI partition, and the Boot folder itself will be present inside the EFI folder on the EFI Partition, so take note of it.

You can check which partition is your ESP using Gparted; find which partition is formatted as fat32 and has size around 200MiB-1GiB.

Can mount it as /boot/efi by

user $ sudo mount /dev/sdXN /boot/efi COPY TO CLIPBOARD

X=a,b,c... N=1,2,3... These depend on which partition your ESP is present which can be obtained via Gparted as mentioned earlier.

Now inside the /boot/efi/EFI/Boot/ folder, there should already be a file present: 

bootx64.efi

You can rename it as windows.bootx64.efi Then you can rename refind_x64.efi to bootx64.efi

The bootx64.efi files boot by default, hence rEFInd should now boot by default, and detect grubx64.efi(linux-manjaro) and efibootmgfw.efi (windows) automatically.

note
A folder Manjaro (name could be some other also) containing the file grubx64.efi should also be present in /boot/efi/EFI/ folder, which should contain the grubx64.efi file which will be used by rEFInd to boot Grub.

So it could be like: 

/boot/efi/EFI/Manjaro/grubx64.efi

rEFInd would use this file for booting Manjaro.

If you do not have this file or folder, try:

user $ sudo grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=Manjaro --recheck COPY TO CLIPBOARD

to create /boot/efi/EFI/Manjaro/grubx64.efi


See also- http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html#naming

另一个可选项：通过 GRUB 链式启动（chainloading）

An entry can be added to

/etc/grub.d/40_custom
menuentry 'Windows8 (UEFI)' {
insmod ntfs
set root=(hd0,gpt4)
chainloader (${root})/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
boot
}

In this case (hd0,4) or /dev/sda4 is the EFI System partition where the Windows bootloader is present.

After adding the above entry, running sudo update-grub updates the GRUB configuration file so that an entry named Windows8 (UEFI) is added to the GRUB boot menu.

论坛相关话题

The chainloading will fail on some hardware (Lenovo Ideapad 110) with the "invalid signature" message - the Refind method will still work.

额外说明

在 Windows 中使用 Rufus 创建安装媒介

Rufus users can use the following settings:

  • Click on the DVD icon and load your .iso
* In the menu left of the DVD icon, select DD Image
* Device: "choose your USB" (Attention: choose correctly,
  the device selected here will be formatted!!!)
* Partition scheme: GPT partition scheme for UEFI computer
* File system: FAT32
* Cluster size: "Don't modify"
* Volume label: "Don't modify"
* Click Start, and you are done (takes 2~5 min to complete).

意见反馈

有任何问题、建议、批评? 请发布到 这里

外链

Youtube 视频: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36tDZIXn3-k

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