Manjaro

Difference between revisions of "File Systems/fr"

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Cette page fournit des informations sur certains des systèmes de fichiers couramment utilisés dans Manjaro. Elle montre également où et comment ils sont utilisés. De plus amples informations sur ces systèmes de fichiers et sur d'autres peuvent être trouvées dans le wiki de ARCH.
This page provides information on some of the filesystems commonly used in Manjaro. It also shows where and how they are used. Further information on these and other filesystems can be found in the ARCH Wiki.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Un système de fichiers gère l'espace sur un support de stockage (disque dur, SSD...). Il met cette espace à la disposition du système d'exploitation afin que les fichiers puissent être enregistrés et lus à nouveau. Chacun des systèmes de fichiers suivants présente des avantages et des inconvénients. Ils sont principalement développés dans un but précis et sont donc utilisés dans un certain environnement.
A filesystem manages the space on a storage medium (hard disk, SSD ...). It makes this memory available to the operating system so that files can be saved and read again. Each of the following filesystems has advantages and disadvantages. They are mostly developed for a special purpose and are therefore used in a certain environment.
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<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Linux ==
== Linux ==
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<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
systèmes de fichiers principalement utilisés sous Linux.
filesystems that are mostly used under Linux.
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<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Notez que de nombreux pilotes de système de fichiers sont déjà inclus dans le noyau Linux. Vous n’aurez peut-être besoin de rien d’autre pour monter, lire ou écrire ces systèmes de fichiers. Mais il existe des packages avec des outils supplémentaires. Vous en aurez peut-être besoin pour formater, vérifier, réparer, modifier ou optimiser ces systèmes de fichiers. Donc si vous utilisez régulièrement un système de fichiers, c'est une bonne idée d'installer les outils appropriés.
Note that many filesystem drivers are already included in the Linux kernel. You may not need anything else to mount, read, or write these filesystems. But there are packages with additional tools. You may need them to format, check, repair, modify, or optimize such filesystems. So if you regularly use a filesystem, it is a good idea to install the appropriate tools.
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=== Ext2 → Ext3 → Ext4 ===
=== Ext2 → Ext3 → Ext4 ===
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<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
Ext4 is the default filesystem in Manjaro at the moment. It is the evolution of the most used Linux filesystems (Ext3, Ext2) and promises improved design, better performance, reliability, and features over its predecessors.
Ext4 est actuellement le système de fichiers par défaut dans Manjaro. Il s'agit de l'évolution des systèmes de fichiers Linux les plus utilisés (Ext3, Ext2) et promet une conception améliorée, de meilleures performances, fiabilité et fonctionnalités par rapport à ses prédécesseurs.
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Si vous utilisez Ext2 ou Ext3, vous pouvez convertir la partition en Ext4. Ext4 utilise la journalisation, les sommes de contrôle et les barrières d'écriture et est donc plus robuste contre les dommages.
If you are using Ext2 or Ext3, you can convert the partition to Ext4. Ext4 uses journaling, checksums and write barriers and is therefore more robust against damage.
</div>


Actuellement, Ext4 est entièrement pris en charge dans Win10 et OsX. La prise en charge d'ext4 a été intégrée depuis que WSL est inclus dans Win10 (2016).
Actuellement, Ext4 est entièrement pris en charge dans Win10 et OsX. La prise en charge d'ext4 a été intégrée depuis que WSL est inclus dans Win10 (2016).


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
voir [https://ext4.wiki.kernel.org/ Ext4@kernel.org], [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Ext4 Ext4@ARCH-wiki], [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext4 Ext4@wikipedia]  
see [https://ext4.wiki.kernel.org/ Ext4@kernel.org], [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Ext4 Ext4@ARCH-wiki], [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext4 Ext4@wikipedia]  
<br>Pour des optimisations avancées, voir [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Ext4#Improving_performance Améliorer les performances d'Ext4 @Archwiki].
<br>For advanced optimizations see  [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Ext4#Improving_performance Improving Ext4 performance@Archwiki].
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====Installer====
====Install====
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<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Dans Manjaro, e2fsprogs est préinstallé
In Manjaro, e2fsprogs is already installed
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===[[Btrfs]]===
===[[Btrfs]]===
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Because [[Btrfs]] is different, some things seem unfamiliar and strange. Then [[Btrfs]] is a good starting point to search for answers.
[[Btrfs]] is now the default file system in Manjaro. Because [[Btrfs]] works differently, some things may seem unfamiliar and strange. The [[Btrfs]] page is therefore a good starting point for finding answers and gaining a better understanding of [[Btrfs]].
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see [[Btrfs]], [https://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Main_Page Btrfs@kernel.org], [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Btrfs Btrfs@ARCH-wiki], [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Btrfs Btrfs@wikipedia]
see [[Btrfs]], [https://btrfs.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/Main_Page Btrfs@kernel.org], [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Btrfs Btrfs@ARCH-wiki], [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Btrfs Btrfs@wikipedia]
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<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{BoxWarning|Maintenance|When using snapshots, you must be particularly careful not to use up all the space on the file system -> [[Btrfs#Out_of_space]]}}
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ReiserFS was the first journaling filesystem to be included in the standard kernel. It was actively used by some distros some time ago, but is not currently widely used. Reiser4 is the successor to ReiserFS(3). However, Reiser4 seems not to be integrated in the kernel yet.
ReiserFS was the first journaling filesystem to be included in the standard kernel. It was actively used by some distros some time ago, but is not currently widely used. Reiser4 is the successor to ReiserFS(3). However, Reiser4 seems not to be integrated in the kernel yet.
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{{BoxWarning|As of kernel 6.13|reiserFS will no longer be supported.}}
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Currently there are some restrictions when using NTFS with Linux. If windows is suddenly switched off or goes into hibernating, the NTFS filesystem is left in a "dirty-state". When Windows starts again, NTFS is the first to be cleaned. This operation is currently not supported by the Linux driver. Then Linux shows the NTFS filesystem as read-only to be on the safe side.
Currently there are some restrictions when using NTFS with Linux. If windows is suddenly switched off or goes into hibernating, the NTFS filesystem is left in a "dirty-state". When Windows starts again, NTFS is the first to be cleaned. This operation is currently not supported by the Linux driver. Then Linux shows the NTFS filesystem as read-only to be on the safe side. The same thing may happen, when NTFS becomes damaged.
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{{warning |If you regularly switch between Windows and Linux, you should switch off "hibernation", "Hybrid Boot", "Fast Boot" in Windows. Then Linux has always full (read / write) access to NTFS drives.
{{BoxWarning|If you regularly switch between Windows and Linux|You should switch off "hibernation", "Hybrid Boot", "Fast Boot" in Windows. Then Linux has always full (read / write) access to NTFS drives.
* [https://forum.manjaro.org/t/all-of-my-files-are-in-read-only-mode/83777/7 all-of-my-files-are-in-read-only-mode@forum]
* [https://forum.manjaro.org/t/all-of-my-files-are-in-read-only-mode/83777/7 all-of-my-files-are-in-read-only-mode@forum]
}}
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{{BoxDanger|If your NTFS file system becomes corrupted|It is strongly recommended that you only repair the file system using the original Windows tools. Anything else is highly risky.
}}
}}
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==Comparaisons==
==Comparisions==
</div>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Possible usage of Filesystems</span>
|+Utilisation possible des systèmes de fichiers
|-
|-
!Filesystem!!Manjaro!!Win10!!OSX!!Win9x, DOS
!Filesystem!!Manjaro!!Win10!!OSX!!Win9x, DOS
|-
|btrfs||● btrfs-progs||▷ ExtFS, WinBtrfs||-||-
|-
|-
|ext2||●||▷ ExtFS||●||
|ext2||●||▷ ExtFS||●||
|-
|-
|ext3/4||●||▷ ExtFS||?||
|ext3/4||●||▷ ExtFS||?||
|-
|btrfs||● btrfs-progs||▷ ExtFS, WinBtrfs||-||-
|-
|-
|reiser3||● reiser4progs||▷ RFSTool||?||-
|reiser3||● reiser4progs||▷ RFSTool||?||-
|-
|reiser4||○ reiserfs||?||?||-
|-
|-
|NTFS||○ ntfs-3g<br>▶ 5.15?? ntfs3||●||?||
|NTFS||○ ntfs-3g<br>▶ 5.15?? ntfs3||●||?||
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|-
|-
|ZFS||?||?||?||
|ZFS||?||?||?||
|-
|F2FS||?||?||?||
|-
|JFS||?||?||?||
|}
|}


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
  ● = entièrement pris en charge, outils supplémentaires à installer
● = fully supported, additional tools to install
  ▶ = inclus depuis le noyau x.x.x  
  ▶ = included since kernel x.x.x  
  ○ = partiellement pris en charge
  ○ = partially supported
  ▷ = possible via des outils externes
  ▷ = possible via external tools
  ? = n'hésitez pas à l'étendre ;-)
  ? = feel free to extend ;-)
</div>


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|+ Some important properties
|+ Some important properties
|-
|-
! Properties !!ext2!!ext3!!ext4!!btrfs||reiserfs(3)||XFS
! Properties ||btrfs||ext4||ext3||ext2||XFS||ZFS||F2FS||JFS
|-
|journaling ||● full||● ordered||● ordered||-||●
|-
|-
|journaling ||-||● ordered||● ordered||● full||▶ 2.6||●
|barriers ||●||●||?||-
|-
|-
|barriers ||-||||●||●
|checksum ||● full||◎ metadata||-||-
|-
|-
|checksum ||-||-||◎ metadata||● full||●
|kompression||●,<br><small>zstd ▶ 4.14/5.1</small>||-||-||-||
|-
|-
|kompression||-||-||-||●,<br><small>zstd ▶ 4.14/5.1</small>||
|encryption||-||▶ 4.13||-||-
|-
|-
|encryption||-||-||▶ 4.13||-
|snapshots||●||-||-||-||
|-
|-
|snapshots||-||-||-||●||-
|TRIM possible||▶ 4.3||▶ 2.6.33||-||-
|-
|-
|TRIM possible||-||-||▶ 2.6.33||▶ 4.3
|xattr, ACL||ACL||ACL||?||◎||ACL
|-
|-
|xattr, ACL||◎||?||ACL||ACL||ACL
|small repair||● auto||● fsck||● fsck||● fsck
|-
|-
|small repair||● fsck||● fsck||● fsck||● auto||reiserfsck
|journal repair||● auto 3.2||● fsck||● fsck||● fsck||
|-
|-
|journal repair||● fsck||● fsck||● fsck||● auto 3.2||
|repair after power loss||● auto, scrub||● tune2fs, fsck||?||-||
|-
|-
|repair after power loss||-||?||● tune2fs, fsck||● auto, scrub||
|RAID||0, 1, 10||-||-||-||
|-
|-
|since||1993||2001||2008||2009||2001
|since||2009||2008||2001||1993||
|}
|}
</div>
</div>

Latest revision as of 10:50, 20 November 2025

Other languages:
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Cette page fournit des informations sur certains des systèmes de fichiers couramment utilisés dans Manjaro. Elle montre également où et comment ils sont utilisés. De plus amples informations sur ces systèmes de fichiers et sur d'autres peuvent être trouvées dans le wiki de ARCH.

Un système de fichiers gère l'espace sur un support de stockage (disque dur, SSD...). Il met cette espace à la disposition du système d'exploitation afin que les fichiers puissent être enregistrés et lus à nouveau. Chacun des systèmes de fichiers suivants présente des avantages et des inconvénients. Ils sont principalement développés dans un but précis et sont donc utilisés dans un certain environnement.

Linux

systèmes de fichiers principalement utilisés sous Linux.

Notez que de nombreux pilotes de système de fichiers sont déjà inclus dans le noyau Linux. Vous n’aurez peut-être besoin de rien d’autre pour monter, lire ou écrire ces systèmes de fichiers. Mais il existe des packages avec des outils supplémentaires. Vous en aurez peut-être besoin pour formater, vérifier, réparer, modifier ou optimiser ces systèmes de fichiers. Donc si vous utilisez régulièrement un système de fichiers, c'est une bonne idée d'installer les outils appropriés.

Ext2 → Ext3 → Ext4

Ext4 est actuellement le système de fichiers par défaut dans Manjaro. Il s'agit de l'évolution des systèmes de fichiers Linux les plus utilisés (Ext3, Ext2) et promet une conception améliorée, de meilleures performances, fiabilité et fonctionnalités par rapport à ses prédécesseurs.

Si vous utilisez Ext2 ou Ext3, vous pouvez convertir la partition en Ext4. Ext4 utilise la journalisation, les sommes de contrôle et les barrières d'écriture et est donc plus robuste contre les dommages.

Actuellement, Ext4 est entièrement pris en charge dans Win10 et OsX. La prise en charge d'ext4 a été intégrée depuis que WSL est inclus dans Win10 (2016).

voir Ext4@kernel.org, Ext4@ARCH-wiki, Ext4@wikipedia
Pour des optimisations avancées, voir Améliorer les performances d'Ext4 @Archwiki.

Installer

Dans Manjaro, e2fsprogs est préinstallé

Btrfs

A modern Copy on Write filesystem for Linux aimed at implementing advanced features while also focusing on fault tolerance, repair and easy administration. Btrfs not only is a filesystem, but also is partly a volume manager, software-raid, backup-tool, and it is flash-friendly.

Btrfs is now the default file system in Manjaro. Because Btrfs works differently, some things may seem unfamiliar and strange. The Btrfs page is therefore a good starting point for finding answers and gaining a better understanding of Btrfs.

Development of Btrfs started in 2007. Since that time, Btrfs is a part of the Linux kernel and is under active development. The Btrfs code base is stable . However, new features are still under development. Its main features and benefits are:

  • Snapshots which do not make a full copy of files
  • RAID - support for software-based RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 10
  • Self-healing - checksums for data and metadata, automatic detection of silent data corruptions

see Btrfs, Btrfs@kernel.org, Btrfs@ARCH-wiki, Btrfs@wikipedia

Maintenance
When using snapshots, you must be particularly careful not to use up all the space on the file system -> Btrfs#Out_of_space

Install

user $ pamac install btrfs-progs COPY TO CLIPBOARD

ReiserFS → reiser4

ReiserFS was the first journaling filesystem to be included in the standard kernel. It was actively used by some distros some time ago, but is not currently widely used. Reiser4 is the successor to ReiserFS(3). However, Reiser4 seems not to be integrated in the kernel yet.

As of kernel 6.13
reiserFS will no longer be supported.

see Reiser4@ARCH-wiki, ReiserFS@wikipedia, Reiser4@wikipedia, Reiser4@kernel.org

Install

user $ pamac install reiserfsprogs reiser4progs COPY TO CLIPBOARD

Windows

filesystems mostly used in windows

NTFS

It is the most widely used filesystem on windows these days. It does exist in different versions, but unlike FAT32, all of them offer the following points:

  • Large files> 4GB
  • Long file names with UTF16 up to 255 characters
  • Rights management, ACL
  • Journaling of metadata
  • Compression, encryption, ...

Currently there are some restrictions when using NTFS with Linux. If windows is suddenly switched off or goes into hibernating, the NTFS filesystem is left in a "dirty-state". When Windows starts again, NTFS is the first to be cleaned. This operation is currently not supported by the Linux driver. Then Linux shows the NTFS filesystem as read-only to be on the safe side. The same thing may happen, when NTFS becomes damaged.

see NTFS@ARCH-wiki, NTFS@wikipedia

If you regularly switch between Windows and Linux
You should switch off "hibernation", "Hybrid Boot", "Fast Boot" in Windows. Then Linux has always full (read / write) access to NTFS drives.
If your NTFS file system becomes corrupted
It is strongly recommended that you only repair the file system using the original Windows tools. Anything else is highly risky.

Install

user $ pamac install ntfs-3g COPY TO CLIPBOARD

DOS

filesystems under DOS and early windows on a lot of floppydisks and USB-sticks

FAT16 → FAT32 (+VFAT)

This is a traditional filesystem under DOS and early Windows versions. Even today it can be found on many floppy disks, USB sticks and hard drives. It is supported by all types of operating systems and is therefore often used to exchange files, to pass them on, or to keep them accessible to both operating systems in the case of dualboot.

Even with FAT32, this comes not without its disadvantages.

  • no support for user rights or xattr
  • severely restricted file names (8.3 or LFN for VFAT, no distinction between lowercase and uppercase)
  • no files over 2GB (FAT16) 4GB (FAT32)
  • no journaling
  • not robust
Warning
FAT Filesystems do not use journaling. Data on such filesystems is vulnerable to irreparable corruption due to improper ejection or power outage.

see FAT@ARCH-wiki, FAT@wikipedia

Install

user $ pamac install dosfstools COPY TO CLIPBOARD

exFAT

Microsoft developed the exFAT (Extended File Allocation Table) in 2006 and optimized it for flash memories such as USB sticks and SD cards. It can store large files and large numbers of files, and it can manage very large partitions. It is supported by Linux, Windows, macOS and many other devices and is one of the most compatible filesystems. ExFAT is included in Linux 5.4 and higher.

  • Flash friendly
  • No support for user rights or xattr
  • Files over 4 GB
  • Checksums for metadata
  • No journal
  • Not robust
Warning
exFAT FS does not use journaling. Data on such a filesystem is vulnerable to irreparable corruption due to improper ejection or power outage.

see ExFAT@wikipedia

Install

user $ pamac install exfatprogs COPY TO CLIPBOARD

macOS

Filesystems mostly used in macOS

HFS → HFS+

see HFSPlus@wikipedia

Install from AUR

user $ pamac install hfsprogs COPY TO CLIPBOARD

Others

XFS

see XFS@ARCH-wiki

ZFS

see ZFS@ARCH-wiki

Comparaisons

Utilisation possible des systèmes de fichiers
Filesystem Manjaro Win10 OSX Win9x, DOS
btrfs ● btrfs-progs ▷ ExtFS, WinBtrfs - -
ext2 ● ▷ ExtFS ●
ext3/4 ● ▷ ExtFS ?
reiser3 ● reiser4progs ▷ RFSTool ? -
NTFS ○ ntfs-3g
▶ 5.15?? ntfs3		 ● ?
FAT32 ● dosfstools ● ● ●
exFAT ▶ 5.4 exfatprogs ● ? ?
HFS ○ hfsprogs (AUR) ? ●
XFS ? ▷ ExtFS ?
ZFS ? ? ?
F2FS ? ? ?
JFS ? ? ? 
 ● = entièrement pris en charge, outils supplémentaires à installer
▶ = inclus depuis le noyau x.x.x 
○ = partiellement pris en charge
▷ = possible via des outils externes
? = n'hésitez pas à l'étendre ;-)
Some important properties
Properties btrfs ext4 ext3 ext2 XFS ZFS F2FS JFS
journaling ● full ● ordered ● ordered - ●
barriers ● ● ? -
checksum ● full ◎ metadata - -
kompression ●,
zstd ▶ 4.14/5.1		 - - -
encryption - ▶ 4.13 - -
snapshots ● - - -
TRIM possible ▶ 4.3 ▶ 2.6.33 - -
xattr, ACL ACL ACL ? ◎ ACL
small repair ● auto ● fsck ● fsck ● fsck
journal repair ● auto 3.2 ● fsck ● fsck ● fsck
repair after power loss ● auto, scrub ● tune2fs, fsck ? -
RAID 0, 1, 10 - - -
since 2009 2008 2001 1993

Voir également

Wikipedia:exFAT
Wikipedia:Comparison of filesystems
Archwiki:filesystems

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