Revision as of 05:47, 19 March 2022

مقدمه

UEFI is the commonly agreed on name for both the EFI & UEFI 
standards which merged. It does not include the old EFI v1, 
or Apple's own non-standard version of EFI.

رایانهٔ هدف

The following guide aims to install Manjaro on a machine with UEFI enabled, Secure boot disabled, and using GUID Partition Table (GPT) disk(s).

For multi-boot, the EFI system partition which is already present (or will be created), can usually be shared amongst multiple Linux installs.

گام‌ها

عمومی

1. Download your preferred Manjaro version (XFCE, Openbox, Cinnamon, KDE, ...), must be 64-bits.

2. Burn the .iso to USB or DVD. See Burn an ISO File for more details.

3. Check your BIOS, UEFI must be ON and Secure boot OFF.

4. Boot with your USB or DVD & use the rEFInd - Main Menu... to choose which GPU drivers you want to have installed, the open-source or proprietary:

* Boot Manjaro Linux ... (default) - 
  This chooses the open-source - free GPU drivers.
* Boot Manjaro Linux ... (nonfree) - 
  This option chooses the proprietary GPU drivers
  from Nvidia or ATI.

Graphical Installer

tip

Since Manjaro-0.8.9, UEFI support is also provided in the Graphical Installer, so one can simply try the Graphical installer and skip the instructions given below for the CLI installer.

To use the Graphical Installer select the Install Manjaro option from the Manjaro Welcome screen or from the desktop.

For the ESP (EFI system partition) which will store the EFI Grub binary, a 512mb partition of type fat32 can be created in the partitioning step, and mounted to /boot/efi

If you are dual booting then an EFI partition from a previous install can also be used.

CLI installer

5-b. Open terminal & enter:

user $  sudo setup COPY TO CLIPBOARD

6. Now, we are in the CLI Installer.

7. Choose 1. Set date and time - an easy intuitive configuration.

آماده‌سازی دیسک

نکته

اگر دیسک‌تان از قبل آن‌گونه که می‌خواهید اِفرازش(پارتیشن‌بندی) شده است، می‌توانید از این گام بگذرید.

* When you click 2. Partition Hard Drives, 
  you get a dialog saying "Do you want to use GUID
  Partition Table (GPT)", choose Yes.
* Partition your disk(s) as you want (Instructions on
  manually partitioning are beyond the scope of this
  guide, some deatils are available here).
* Important Step: Create a 50~250MB EFI Partition,
  mine is 100MB (code: ef00)

Setting filesystem mount points

* After the partitioning is done, go to 4. Set Filesystem
  Mountpoints.
* Important Step: Format the EFI Partition you
  created as VFAT and mount on /boot/efi

note

If you are re-using your EFI partition (that was created by Windows previously (or any other OS), then there is no need to format. Formatting will wipe the previous bootloader. Only mounting the EFI partition as /boot/efi is required in that case.

نصب

9. Choose 3. Install system and wait...

10. Now, go to 4. Configure System and configure it the way you like (username, password, mirrorlist, system-name, ...).

11. When you are done, go to 5. Install bootloader. Choose EFI_x86_64 > GRUB (2) UEFI x86_64, DON'T select BIOS GRUB.

11.1 It will ask to format the EFI Partition you created earlier as FAT32, yes can be chosen.

note

Formatting not required if reusing previous EFI partition.

12. If it gives a error in the final stages saying "efivars kernel module was not properly loaded", don't worry, the system will work fine!

13. If the installer asks you about copying grub/efi files to another folder in order to maintain compatibility in some systems, choose Yes.

14. Click 6. Quit

15. Shutdown, remove the DVD or USB, and boot. Your system should appear now!

Switching from BIOS to UEFI

1) You need to create an ESP (EFI System Partition).

It is a FAT32 partition which has the .efi files for booting, which you can create using gparted or gdisk. (Size at least 200-300 MiB.) Ensure the flags `boot` and `esp` are set on this partition.

You should also install/check whether following packages are present-

1. efibootmgr
2. dosfstools
3. grub

(How to install packages)

2) Create the /boot/efi directory

user $  sudo mkdir /boot/efi COPY TO CLIPBOARD

3.) Mount the EFI partition as /boot/efi

sudo mount /dev/sdXY /boot/efi

X = Alphabet of the drive = a,b,c ... Y = Partition number of the EFI partition = 1,2,3,4...

Example - /dev/sda4

4.) Install Grub according to UEFI

user $  sudo grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=manjaro --recheck COPY TO CLIPBOARD

5.) Update Grub configuration file.

user $  sudo update-grub COPY TO CLIPBOARD

note

If you get an error like:

path '/boot/grub' is not readable by Grub on boot. Installation is impossible. Aborting

Then you will need to chroot as described here, and then perform Step 5 again.

note

If you get the following error:

EFI variables are not supported on this system.

then you could load the efivarfs module :

user $  sudo modprobe efivarfs COPY TO CLIPBOARD

جستارهای وابسته

بارکنندهٔ راه‌انداز گراب را بازگردانید

Dual booting with Windows

tip

Some manufactures EFI implementations cause GRUB not to be showed in the Boot Menu, or even if its there it can't be made default.

In such cases rEFInd can be used.

There are two ways to install rEFInd-

1.Install rEFInd from its website (detailed) or install using pacman(preferred)-

user $  sudo pacman -S refind COPY TO CLIPBOARD

Files will be present in /usr/share/refind .

2.Or using the instructions on the rEFInd website: [۱]

Instructions

The refind-install command can be used to automatically install rEFInd (the EFI partition may need to be mounted for this to work). See the Arch wiki for more details.

نصب دستی

Inside the refind folder (/usr/share/refind), copy the files and folders to-

/boot/efi/EFI/Boot/

note

My ESP (EFI System Partition) is mounted at /boot/efi.

You need to copy these files to the Boot folder on your EFI partition, and the Boot folder itself will be present inside the EFI folder on the EFI Partition, so take note of it.

You can check which partition is your ESP using Gparted; find which partition is formatted as fat32 and has size around 200mb-1gb.

Can mount it as /boot/efi by

user $  sudo mount /dev/sdXN /boot/efi COPY TO CLIPBOARD

X=a,b,c... N=1,2,3... These depend on which partition your ESP is present which can be obtained via Gparted as mentioned earlier.

Now inside the /boot/efi/EFI/Boot/ folder, there should already be a file present-

bootx64.efi

You can rename it as windows.bootx64.efi Then you can rename refind_x64.efi to bootx64.efi

The bootx64.efi files boot by default, hence rEFInd should now boot by default, and detect grubx64.efi(linux-manjaro) and efibootmgfw.efi (windows) automatically.

note

A folder Manjaro (name could be some other also) containing the file grubx64.efi should also be present in /boot/efi/EFI/ folder, which should contain the grubx64.efi file which will be used by rEFInd to boot Grub.

So it could be like-

/boot/efi/EFI/Manjaro/grubx64.efi

rEFInd would use this file for booting Manjaro.

If you do not have this file or folder, try-

user $  sudo grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=Manjaro --recheck COPY TO CLIPBOARD

to create /boot/efi/EFI/Manjaro/grubx64.efi

An alternative: chainloading via GRUB

An entry can be added to

/etc/grub.d/40_custom

menuentry 'Windows8 (UEFI)' {
insmod ntfs
set root=(hd0,gpt4)
chainloader (${root})/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
boot
}

In this case (hd0,4) or /dev/sda4 is the EFI System partition where the Windows bootloader is present.

After adding the above entry, running sudo update-grub updates the GRUB configuration file so that an entry named Windows8 (UEFI) is added to the GRUB boot menu.

Extras

استفاده از روفوس (Rufus) در ویندوز برای ایجاد رسانهٔ نصب

کاربران روفوس می‌توانند از این تنظیمات استفاده کنند:

* بر روی نقشک دی‌وی‌دی کلیک کرده و .iso خود را بار کنید
* در فهرست سمت چپ نقشک دی‌وی‌دی، تصویر DD را انتخاب کنید
* افزاره: «یو‌اِس‌بی خود را انتخاب کنید» (اخطار: درست انتخاب کنید، افزاره انتخاب شده قالب‌بندی(فُرمت) خواهد شد!!!)
* طرح افراز(پارتیشن): طرح افراز جی‌پی‌تی برای رایانه‌های یو‌ئی‌اِف‌آی
* File system: FAT32
* Cluster size: "Don't modify"
* Volume label: "Don't modify"
* روی شروع کلیک کنید و کار تمام است (۲~۵ دقیقه تا کامل شود).

بازخورد

سوال، انتقاد، پشنهاد؟ لطفا اینجا بفرستید: [۲]

پیوند به بیرون

ویدیوی یوتیوب: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36tDZIXn3-k

@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 * 1. Download your preferred Manjaro version (XFCE, Openbox, Cinnamon, KDE, ...), must be 64-bits.
-* 2. Burn the .iso to USB or DVD. See [[Burn_an_ISO_File]] for more details.
+* 2. Burn the .iso to USB or DVD. See [[Special:MyLanguage/Burn_an_ISO_File|Burn an ISO File]] for more details.
 * 3. Check your BIOS, UEFI must be ON and Secure boot OFF.
@@ Line 60: / Line 60: @@
   * Partition your disk(s) as you want (Instructions on
     manually partitioning are beyond the scope of this
-    guide, some deatils are available [[Cfdisk_Basic_Partitioning_Scenarios|here]]).
+    guide, some deatils are available [[Special:MyLanguage/Cfdisk_Basic_Partitioning_Scenarios|here]]).
   * ''Important Step:'' Create a 50~250MB EFI Partition,
     mine is 100MB (code: ef00)
@@ Line 104: / Line 104: @@
 . grub
-[[Pacman_Overview | (How to install packages)]]
+[[Special:MyLanguage/Pacman_Overview|(How to install packages)]]
@@ Line 128: / Line 128: @@
   path '/boot/grub' is not readable by Grub on boot. Installation is impossible. Aborting
-Then you will need to [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Change_Root chroot] as described [[Restore_the_GRUB_Bootloader#Identify_and_Prepare_the_Installed_Partition.28s.29|here]], and then perform Step 5 again.
+Then you will need to [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Change_Root chroot] as described [[Special:MyLanguage/Restore_the_GRUB_Bootloader#Identify_and_Prepare_the_Installed_Partition.28s.29|here]], and then perform Step 5 again.
-{{BoxInfo|note|If you get the following error:}}
+{{BoxInfo|note|If you get the following error:
   EFI variables are not supported on this system.
@@ Line 136: / Line 136: @@
 then you could load the '''efivarfs''' module :
 {{UserCmd|command=sudo modprobe efivarfs}}
+}}
 '''جستارهای وابسته'''
+<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
 [[بارکنندهٔ راه‌انداز گراب را بازگردانید]]
+</div>
-[https://forum.manjaro.org/t/using-livecd-v17-0-1-as-grub-to-boot-os-with-broken-bootloader/24916]
+[https://forum.manjaro.org/t/using-livecd-v17-0-1-as-grub-to-boot-os-with-broken-bootloader/24916 Related Forum topic]
 = Dual booting with Windows =
@@ Line 157: / Line 159: @@
 There are two ways to install rEFInd-
-.Install rEFInd from its website [http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html] (detailed) or '''install using pacman'''''(preferred)''-
+.Install rEFInd from its [https://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html website] (detailed) or '''install using pacman'''''(preferred)''-
 {{UserCmd|command=sudo pacman -S refind}}
@@ Line 230: / Line 232: @@
 After adding the above entry, running '''sudo update-grub''' updates the GRUB configuration file so that an entry named '''Windows8 (UEFI)''' is added to the GRUB boot menu.
-Related Forum thread: [https://forum.manjaro.org/t/detecting-efi-files-and-booting-them-from-grub/38083]
+[https://forum.manjaro.org/t/detecting-efi-files-and-booting-them-from-grub/38083 Related Forum topic]
 The chainloading will fail on some hardware (Lenovo Ideapad 110) with the "invalid signature" message - the Refind method will still work.
@@ Line 251: / Line 253: @@
 = بازخورد =
+<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
 سوال، انتقاد، پشنهاد؟ لطفا اینجا بفرستید: [http://forum.manjaro.org/]
+</div>
 = پیوند به بیرون =

Difference between revisions of "UEFI - Install Guide/fa"

Revision as of 05:47, 19 March 2022

Contents

مقدمه

رایانهٔ هدف

گام‌ها

عمومی

Graphical Installer

CLI installer

آماده‌سازی دیسک

Setting filesystem mount points

نصب

Switching from BIOS to UEFI

Dual booting with Windows

Instructions

نصب دستی

An alternative: chainloading via GRUB

Extras

استفاده از روفوس (Rufus) در ویندوز برای ایجاد رسانهٔ نصب

بازخورد

پیوند به بیرون