imported>Fhdk |
|
| Line 13: |
Line 13: |
| It is an alternative to [http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/ systemd] for users that like more control over their system, and do not want all the features that systemd provides and automatically activates. | | It is an alternative to [http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/ systemd] for users that like more control over their system, and do not want all the features that systemd provides and automatically activates. |
|
| |
|
| == Installation ==
| |
| {{Important|OpenRC on Manjaro has been [https://forum.manjaro.org/t/manjaro-openrc-will-be-discontinued/28387 discontinued].}}
| |
| OpenRC is available from the the Manjaro repositories. It can be installed as:
| |
| sudo pacman -S openrc-base
| |
|
| |
| The output of the above command looks like the following:
| |
| $ sudo pacman -S openrc-base
| |
| :: There are 10 members in group openrc-base:
| |
| :: Repository community
| |
| 1) cronie-openrc 2) cryptsetup-openrc 3) dbus-openrc
| |
| 4) device-mapper-openrc 5) dhcpcd-openrc 6) glibc-openrc
| |
| 7) inetutils-openrc 8) lvm2-openrc 9) mdadm-openrc 10) openrc-core
| |
|
| |
| Enter a selection (default=all):
| |
| resolving dependencies...
| |
| looking for inter-conflicts...
| |
| :: openrc-core and systemd-sysvcompat are in conflict. Remove systemd-sysvcompat? [y/N] y
| |
|
| |
| Packages (12): systemd-sysvcompat-212-3 [removal] sysvinit-2.88-15
| |
| cronie-openrc-20140614-1 cryptsetup-openrc-20140614-1
| |
| dbus-openrc-20140614-1 device-mapper-openrc-20140614-1
| |
| dhcpcd-openrc-20140614-1 glibc-openrc-20140614-1
| |
| inetutils-openrc-20140614-1 lvm2-openrc-20140614-1
| |
| mdadm-openrc-20140614-1 openrc-core-0.12.4-16
| |
|
| |
| Total Download Size: 0.22 MiB
| |
| Total Installed Size: 1.19 MiB
| |
|
| |
| :: Proceed with installation? [Y/n]
| |
|
| |
| After installing the ''openrc-base'' package group, OpenRC should boot by default instead of systemd.
| |
| Note that it will boot to a command line, as the service for a graphical display manager has not yet been installed.
| |
|
| |
| On installing ''openrc-base'', one may get messages like:
| |
| run 'rc-update add dbus default'
| |
| run 'rc-update add cronie default'
| |
|
| |
| Running these command(s) adds the service(s) to the specified runlevels. For example on running:
| |
| sudo rc-update add dbus default
| |
|
| |
| The dbus service would be added to the default runelevel and would automatically be started at boot.
| |
| ''dbus'' (system message bus) and ''cronie'' (for cron) are some common services that can be enabled.
| |
| === Additional packages ===
| |
| ==== Display Manager ====
| |
| To boot to a graphical display manager, the '''displaymanager-openrc''' package can be installed. After installing it, the ''/etc/conf.d/xdm'' file needs to be edited to specify the display manager.
| |
|
| |
| For example, to use '''lightdm''', change the line:
| |
| DISPLAYMANAGER="xdm"
| |
| to
| |
| DISPLAYMANAGER="lightdm"
| |
|
| |
| Finally the '''xdm''' service can be added to default runlevel:
| |
| sudo rc-update add xdm default
| |
|
| |
| '''Note:'''
| |
| ''lightdm'' and a ''lightdm-greeter'' (like ''lightdm-gtk-greeter'') should be installed to use lightdm as display manager. A guide is available on the [https://forum.manjaro.org/index.php?topic=21386.0 forums].
| |
|
| |
| An alternative to ''lightdm'' is [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/LXDM LXDM]. However the version in the repository does not automatically start a ck-session on login; alternative [https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/lxdm-consolekit/ lxdm-consolekit] from the [[AUR]] can be used.
| |
|
| |
| For more information about consolekit, have a look at the [[Openrc#Consolekit | Consolekit]] section.
| |
|
| |
| ==== Audio (ALSA) ====
| |
| The '''alsa-utils-openrc''' package can be installed. After installing it, run:
| |
| sudo rc-update add alsasound default
| |
|
| |
| to automatically start ''alsa'' at boot.
| |
| ==== Network Manager ====
| |
| By default ''dhcpcd'' is enabled via [https://github.com/gentoo/netifrc netifrc]. However if one uses Wifi to connect to the internet, or need a graphical network applet, then '''networkmanager-openrc''' can be installed.
| |
|
| |
| ''networkmanager-openrc'' replaces the normal networkmanager package in the repos. Also, it requires ''consolekit'' and ''polkit-consolekit'', which replaces the normal polkit from the repos.
| |
|
| |
| Other alternatives like ''wicd-openrc'' and ''connman-openrc'' are also available.
| |
| ==== Consolekit ====
| |
| The '''consolekit-openrc''' package can be installed. Consolekit supports multi-user setups, mounting of partitions by unauthorized users, etc. See the [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/ConsoleKit Gentoo-Wiki] for more details.
| |
|
| |
| Consolekit also allows a normal (non-root) user to shutdown or restart the system if the desktop environment supports it.
| |
|
| |
| See the [[Openrc#Using_Consolekit | Using Consolekit]] section on how to install it and for more info.
| |
| ==== openrc-desktop ====
| |
| The ''openrc-desktop'' package group can be used to install most of the above desktop related packages in one go. For example:
| |
| <pre>
| |
| $ sudo pacman -S openrc-desktop
| |
| :: There are 6 members in group openrc-desktop:
| |
| :: Repository community
| |
| 1) acpid-openrc 2) alsa-utils-openrc 3) avahi-openrc 4) consolekit-openrc
| |
| 5) displaymanager-openrc 6) gpm-openrc
| |
|
| |
| Enter a selection (default=all):
| |
| resolving dependencies...
| |
| looking for inter-conflicts...
| |
|
| |
| Packages (6): acpid-openrc-20140614-1 alsa-utils-openrc-20140614-1
| |
| avahi-openrc-20140614-1 consolekit-openrc-20140614-1
| |
| displaymanager-openrc-20140614-1 gpm-openrc-20140614-1
| |
|
| |
| Total Installed Size: 0.12 MiB
| |
| Net Upgrade Size: 0.00 MiB
| |
|
| |
| :: Proceed with installation? [Y/n]
| |
| </pre>
| |
| ==== Others ====
| |
| ===== ACPI =====
| |
| For handling acpi events, '''acpid-openrc''' can be installed and enabled (see [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Acpid this] for more details on acpid).
| |
| ===== Logging =====
| |
| For logging, a logger can be chosen from ''metalog-openrc'', ''syslog-ng-openrc'', and ''rsyslog-openrc'', by installing the package and enabling its respective service.
| |
| ===== Suspend/Hibernate =====
| |
| To suspend and hibernate via the command line, '''pm-utils''' can be installed. You may also need the '''upower-pm-utils''' package if suspend and hibernate does not work. See the [[Using_OpenRC,_an_alternative_to_systemd#Troubleshooting | troubleshooting]] section for some issues that one could face.
| |
| === Note ===
| |
| If using [[plymouth]] before, then {{ic|/etc/mkinitcpio.conf}} would need to be edited to remove the '''plymouth''' hook, as plymouth does not work correctly with OpenRC. The hooks line should look like:
| |
| HOOKS="base udev autodetect modconf block resume filesystems keyboard keymap fsck"
| |
|
| |
| After that would need to regenerate the initrd as:
| |
| sudo mkinitcpio -p linux<version>
| |
|
| |
| For example,
| |
| sudo mkinitcpio -p linux314
| |
| == Configuration ==
| |
| === Adding or Removing services ===
| |
| Services can be added to startup with:
| |
| sudo rc-update add <service> <runlevel>
| |
| For example,
| |
| sudo rc-update add sshd default
| |
| runlevel can be skipped if adding services to the current runlevel, ie:
| |
| sudo rc-update add sshd
| |
| A service can be removed from startup with:
| |
| sudo rc-update del <service> <runlevel>
| |
| === Check running services ===
| |
| To check what services are running, one can type:
| |
| rc-status
| |
| === Start / stop / restart services ===
| |
| To start / stop / restart services ''immediately'', the '''rc-service''' command can be used. For example:
| |
| sudo rc-service networkmanager restart
| |
| === Some common services ===
| |
| To enable printing support, the '''cups-openrc''' package can be installed. For example,
| |
| <pre>
| |
| $ sudo pacman -S cups-openrc
| |
| resolving dependencies...
| |
| looking for inter-conflicts...
| |
|
| |
| Packages (1): cups-openrc-20141014-1
| |
|
| |
| Total Installed Size: 0.01 MiB
| |
| Net Upgrade Size: 0.00 MiB
| |
|
| |
| :: Proceed with installation? [Y/n]
| |
| </pre>
| |
| The service for it is ''cupsd''.
| |
| $ sudo rc-service cupsd start
| |
| * Starting cupsd ... [ ok ]
| |
| For ssh, the '''openssh-openrc''' package can be installed. The service for it is named ''sshd''.
| |
| {{Tip | All services present can be listed with the '''{{ic|rc-service --list}}''' command.}}
| |
| == Using Consolekit ==
| |
| {{Important|Consolekit has been deprecated in Manjaro in favour of [https://forum.manjaro.org/t/switch-from-consolekit-to-elogind/19412 elogind].}}
| |
| Additionally, if not already done, [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/ConsoleKit consolekit] can be installed to perform root actions like shutting down or restarting system as non-root user from your Desktop Environment.
| |
|
| |
| Consolekit can be installed in the following way:
| |
| sudo pacman -S consolekit-openrc polkit-consolekit cgmanager-openrc
| |
|
| |
| The output looks like the following:
| |
| <pre>
| |
| $ sudo pacman -S consolekit-openrc polkit-consolekit cgmanager-openrc
| |
| resolving dependencies...
| |
| looking for inter-conflicts...
| |
| :: polkit-consolekit and polkit are in conflict. Remove polkit? [y/N] y
| |
|
| |
| Packages (9): cgmanager-0.37-2 consolekit-1.0.0-3 libnih-1.0.3-2
| |
| openrc-core-0.17-2 polkit-0.112-2 [removal]
| |
| cgmanager-openrc-20150911-1 consolekit-openrc-20150911-1
| |
| polkit-consolekit-0.113-1
| |
|
| |
| Total Download Size: 0.92 MiB
| |
| Total Installed Size: 4.44 MiB
| |
| Net Upgrade Size: 2.84 MiB
| |
|
| |
| :: Proceed with installation? [Y/n]
| |
| </pre>
| |
| After installing it can be enabled with {{ic|'''sudo rc-update add consolekit'''}} and would be activated after a reboot.
| |
| To check that consolekit is running and a ck-session was started, the following command can be used:
| |
| ck-list-sessions
| |
| The output looks like the following:
| |
| </pre>
| |
| Session1:
| |
| unix-user = '1000'
| |
| realname = 'Aaditya Bagga'
| |
| seat = 'Seat1'
| |
| session-type = ''
| |
| active = TRUE
| |
| x11-display = ':0'
| |
| x11-display-device = '/dev/tty7'
| |
| display-device = ''
| |
| remote-host-name = ''
| |
| is-local = TRUE
| |
| on-since = '2014-06-15T13:29:58.652929Z'
| |
| login-session-id = ''
| |
| </pre>
| |
| If you are not getting any output, then maybe a ck-session is not being started by your display manager. To start a ck-session and X session from the command line following syntax could be used:
| |
| ck-launch-session <session-name>
| |
|
| |
| For example,
| |
| ck-launch-session startxfce4
| |
|
| |
| === Some gotcha's ===
| |
| Display managers that are known to work with consolekit are '''lightdm''', '''lxdm''' (via [https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/lxdm-consolekit/ lxdm-consolekit]), '''kdm''' (via [https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/kdebase-workspace-consolekit/ kdebase-workspace-consolekit]), and '''mdm''' (via [https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/mdm-nosystemd/ mdm-nosystemd]). Have a look at the [[Openrc#Display_Manager | Display Manager]] section for more info.
| |
|
| |
| If you start a graphical session from the command line, [http://bbs.archbang.org/viewtopic.php?pid=1394#p1394 this forum post] may be of some help.
| |
|
| |
| If you use Openbox or another Window Manager along with [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Oblogout oblogout], then [https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/oblogout-consolekit/ oblogout-consolekit] from the AUR can be used for having a graphical logout interface.
| |
|
| |
| == Replacing systemd with eudev ==
| |
| With OpenRC being used as init system, the role of systemd is reduced to that of a [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Udev udev] provider, and for compatibility reasons.
| |
|
| |
| [http://www.gentoo.org/proj/en/eudev/ eudev], developed by the Gentoo folks, can be used as replacement. Note that removing systemd could cause some incompatibilities with existing software.
| |
|
| |
| The steps to install eudev are as follows:
| |
| sudo pacman -S eudev eudev-systemdcompat
| |
|
| |
| The output looks like the following:
| |
| <pre>
| |
| $ sudo pacman -S eudev eudev-systemdcompat
| |
| resolving dependencies...
| |
| looking for conflicting packages...
| |
| :: eudev and libsystemd are in conflict (libgudev-1.0.so). Remove libsystemd? [y/N] y
| |
| :: eudev-systemdcompat and systemd are in conflict. Remove systemd? [y/N] y
| |
| warning: dependency cycle detected:
| |
| warning: eudev-systemdcompat will be installed before its eudev dependency
| |
|
| |
| Packages (4) libsystemd-219-6 [removal] systemd-219-6 [removal] eudev-3.0-1 eudev-systemdcompat-219-2
| |
|
| |
| Total Download Size: 0.95 MiB
| |
| Total Installed Size: 7.09 MiB
| |
| Net Upgrade Size: -18.78 MiB
| |
|
| |
| :: Proceed with installation? [Y/n]
| |
| </pre>
| |
| After the above steps systemd would be uninstalled and replaced by eudev and its counterparts.
| |
|
| |
| === Note ===
| |
| ''eudev-systemdcompat'' has been superseded by ''eudev-systemd'' and ''libeudev-systemd'' [https://forum.manjaro.org/t/update-troubles/9046 (link)].
| |
|
| |
| == Troubleshooting ==
| |
| === Boot logs ===
| |
| The boot logs for OpenRC are stored in ''/var/log/rc.log''
| |
|
| |
| === Get warning at shutdown ===
| |
| If at shutdown there is a message like: ''WARNING: /usr/lib/rc/cache is not writable!''
| |
|
| |
| Then this directory can be created as:
| |
| sudo mkdir /usr/lib/rc/cache
| |
|
| |
| === Error about /etc/sysctl.conf not found ===
| |
| It can be created with:
| |
| sudo touch /etc/sysctl.conf
| |
|
| |
| === Enable Swap (for GPT partitions) ===
| |
| If you were using systemd on a GPT partitioned hard disk, then you may need to enable swap via ''/etc/fstab''. This is so because systemd handled swap automatically on GPT partitions, and gave error if it was mounted via fstab. The following entry may be added to ''/etc/fstab''
| |
| <pre>
| |
| # /dev/sdyX
| |
| UUID=xxxx-yyyy.zzzz-xxxx swap swap sw 0 0
| |
| </pre>
| |
| === Using tmpfs ===
| |
| systemd used to set a ''tmpfs'' by default; to set it manually via ''/etc/fstab'', the following lines can be added:
| |
| <pre>
| |
| tmpfs /tmp tmpfs nodev,nosuid 0 0
| |
| </pre>
| |
| See the [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Fstab#tmpfs Arch Wiki] for more details.
| |
|
| |
| === Module auto-loading ===
| |
| For OpenRC, the '''modules to be loaded at boot''' are specified in ''/etc/conf.d/modules'' rather than being present as individual files in ''/etc/modules-load.d''. The required modules can be manually moved over. An example ''/etc/conf.d/modules'' file looks like the following:
| |
| <pre>
| |
| # You should consult your kernel documentation and configuration
| |
| # for a list of modules and their options.
| |
| modules="vboxdrv"
| |
| <pre>
| |
| === Setting hostname ===
| |
| If your hostname is being displayed as '''localhost''' even if there a different hostname in ''/etc/hostname'', then you probably need to change your hostname in ''/etc/conf.d/hostname''
| |
|
| |
| === Setting keymap ===
| |
| The keymap for the console can be set via editing {{ic|/etc/conf.d/keymaps}}. For X11 (graphical part of the system), it can be set via {{ic|/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-keyboard.conf}}. For more information have a look at the [http://wiki.gentoo.org/index.php?title=Keyboard_layout_switching Gentoo wiki] (with the difference that in Arch/Manjaro the keymaps are stored in ''/usr/share/kbd/keymaps'' [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Keymap]).
| |
|
| |
| === Setting Hardware clock ===
| |
| Can be done by editing {{ic|/etc/conf.d/hwclock}}
| |
|
| |
| === Shutting down / rebooting ===
| |
| To shutdown the system, the {{ic|'''poweroff'''}} command can be used. Similarly to reboot, the {{ic|'''reboot'''}} command can be used.
| |
|
| |
| === X does not start from a virtual terminal ===
| |
| With Xorg-1.16, Arch Linux decided to make X rootless using systemd-logind [https://www.archlinux.org/news/xorg-server-116-is-now-available/].
| |
| This means that using {{ic|startx}} from a virtual terminal will possibly not work for users of OpenRC init system. The workaround is to create a file {{ic|/etc/X11/Xwrapper.config}} with the contents:
| |
| <pre>
| |
| # Xorg.wrap configuation file
| |
| needs_root_rights = yes
| |
| </pre>
| |
| Reference: [https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?pid=1441150#p1441150 Arch forum]
| |
|
| |
| === Input devices not working ===
| |
| With ''eudev-3.0'', a new '''input''' group was introduced; you could try adding your user to it.
| |
| sudo gpasswd -a <user> input
| |
|
| |
| Reference: https://github.com/gentoo/eudev/issues/107
| |
|
| |
| === MySQL service not working ===
| |
| Have a look here: https://archived.forum.manjaro.org/t/mariadb-daemon-dont-start-in-openrc/20356
| |
|
| |
| === Pulseaudio does not start / work ===
| |
| See: https://archived.forum.manjaro.org/t/pulseaudio-and-openrc/5881/1
| |
|
| |
| === Ctrl + Alt + Backspace causes problems with some display managers ===
| |
| Have a look here: https://archived.forum.manjaro.org/t/ctrl-alt-backspace-doesnt-log-out-zaps-xorg-openrc
| |
|
| |
| === Httpd (Apache) service status says crashed ===
| |
| If the {{ic|httpd}} process is running but {{ic|rc-status}} shows the service as crashed, try editing ''/etc/init.d/httpd'' and remove the {{ic|start-stop-daemon}} call when starting the service:
| |
| # sed 's|start-stop-daemon --start -- ${APACHE2} ${APACHE2_OPTS} -k start|${APACHE2} ${APACHE2_OPTS} -k start|' -i /etc/init.d/httpd
| |
|
| |
| Forum link: https://archived.forum.manjaro.org/t/solved-apache-service-httpd-status-status-crashed/19878
| |
|
| |
| A better solution seems to be to explicitly add the ''pidfile'' option to start stop daemon:
| |
| # sed 's|start-stop-daemon --start|start-stop-daemon --start --pidfile ${PIDFILE}|' -i /etc/init.d/httpd
| |
|
| |
| More details: https://bitbucket.org/aadityabagga/openrc-services-ng/issues/4/issue-with-httpd-service
| |
|
| |
| === Unable to build ISO using manjaro-tools on OpenRC ===
| |
| Try loading the ''loop'' module, see https://archived.forum.manjaro.org/t/manjaro-tools-14-on-testing-openrc/17156 for more info.
| |
|
| |
|
| == Further Reading == | | == Further Reading == |
| Line 340: |
Line 18: |
| * [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Openrc The Arch Wiki] | | * [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Openrc The Arch Wiki] |
| * [http://blog.notfoss.com/posts/openrc-on-arch-linux/ OpenRC on Arch Linux] | | * [http://blog.notfoss.com/posts/openrc-on-arch-linux/ OpenRC on Arch Linux] |
| * [https://wiki.manjaro.org/index.php?title=Autostart_X_at_Login_-_OpenRC_%26_SystemD Autostart X at Login - OpenRC]
| |
| * [http://systemd-free.org/ systemd-free.org] | | * [http://systemd-free.org/ systemd-free.org] |
| * [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:X86/Working/Initscripts Initscripts] | | * [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:X86/Working/Initscripts Initscripts] |
