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Введение

Разгон

При правильной работе понижение напряжения питания процессора снижает его энергопотребление и нагрев без ущерба для производительности.

Если напряжение установлено слишком низким - это может привести к ошибке, сбою и перезагрузке.

Предупреждение

Это не тривиальная вещь, используемое программное обеспечение может физически повредить Ваш компьютер, если установлены неправильные значения.

Intel P-state vs cpufreq

"CPUfreq - также называемый масштабированием скорости процессора - это инфраструктура в ядре Linux, позволяющая масштабировать частоту процессора для экономии энергии." Документация Redhat.com

"intel_pstate является частью подсистемы масштабирования производительности процессора в ядре Linux (CPUFreq). Это драйвер масштабирования для Sandy Bridge и более поздних поколений процессоров Intel." Документация Kernel.org

Метод понижения напряжения зависит от того, какое "масштабирование" используется в вашем процессоре, Intel PState начинается со 2-го поколения Intel Core i3/5/7 (Sandy Bridge).

Method / Software / History

1. For CPUfreq, PHC is used and method is well documented on arch wiki (https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/PHC), I will not focus on it as I got no experience with it and no hardware to acquire it.

2. For PState, a method appeared in August 2017 (https://github.com/mihic/linux-intel-undervolt) and shortly after a python soft got written (https://github.com/xdever/linux-intel-undervolt-tool).

PState undervolt

Method description

I will take the example of a 0.175V decrease: - 0.175V.

To achieve that I will need two commands, one for CPU Core and the other for CPU Cache. (CPU Core and Cache share the voltage plane on my machine, that's why two commands instead of one).

Warning

These commands are shown for illustrative purpose.

sudo wrmsr 0x150 0x80000011E9A00000
sudo wrmsr 0x150 0x80000211E9A00000

explanation:

# wrmsr is a tool used for writing values to a CPU's machine specific registers (MSR).

# First value is the register number.
    # It's always 0x150

# Second value is where and what we write in it.
    # 0x mean hexadecimal.
    # 80000 is constant, meaning is unknown.
    # X <- It's the plane index, it can be (not exhaustive):
        # 0 CPU Core
        # 1 GPU
        # 2 CPU Cache
    # 1 is constant, meaning is unknown.
    # 1 write/read <- I don't know what that mean.
    # E9A00000 offset, it's -0.175V after some magic calculation.
        # -175*1.024 = -179.2 -> -179
        # 179  = 1011 0011
        # -179 = 0100 1101         # invert bits+1 to get negative value.

        # Bits tagged with "c" are constant value, bits tagged with "o" are the calculated offset.
        # ccco oooo oooc cccc cccc cccc cccc cccc
        # 1110 1001 1010 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
        #    E    9    A    0    0    0    0    0

        # 0xE9A00000

Software

kernel module

You need to have module msr enabled for wrmsr to work

modprobe msr

wrmsr/rdmsr

wrmsr is provided by package msr-tools in AUR

The python soft I mentioned earlier

If you don't want to make the calculation yourself or want to automate undervolt at boot you can use: https://github.com/xdever/linux-intel-undervolt-tool

It's not heavily used and ~~not available as a package for now~~ it got forked https://github.com/hedgepigdaniel/linux-intel-undervolt-tool/ and is available in AUR as linux-intel-undervolt-tool.

My quick look at linux-intel-undervolt-tool files and behaviour:

/usr/bin/undervolt
  # program written in python
  # if run without elevated right it give command to apply yourself with wrmsr
  # options:
    '-gpu', type=int, help='Undervolt GPU by this amount of millivolts. Must be negative.'
    '-cpu', type=int, help='Undervolt CPU by this amount of millivolts. Must be negative.'
    '-config', type=str, help='Config file to load. Other flags has priority over -config.'
/etc/undervolt.json
  # contain voltage parameters "cpu" and "gpu"
/usr/lib/systemd/system/undervolt.service
  # a systemd service enabled and started which restart after suspend/hibernate/hybrid-sleep with: -config /etc/undervolt.json
/etc/modules-load.d/undervolt-msr.conf
  # load msr module at startup

Hardware known to work

Manufacturer	Model	CPU	Info source
MSI	GS40 6QE	I5-6300HQ	https://forum.manjaro.org/t/undervolt-recent-intel-cpu/41948/5 (This wiki page author)
DELL	XPS 15 9560	I7-??????	https://github.com/xdever/linux-intel-undervolt-tool (linux-intel-undervolt-tool author)
???	???	I7-6700HQ	https://github.com/mihic/linux-intel-undervolt (undervolt method author)

Feel free to report here with "@Yoy0" if you want me to append this list.

Понижение напряжения процессора Intel

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