Encfs
Введение
Encfs - это программа шифрования, подходящая для шифрования содержимого уже установленной системы. Она может быть использована для шифрования вашего /home или вы можете сделать небольшие частные каталоги, в которых будут храниться ваши зашифрованные данные. Вы можете зашифровать Dropbox с помощью этой программы и она будет иметь преимущество перед Truecrypt в том, что не требует зарезервированного ценного пространства, как это делает Truecrypt (по состоянию на 05 2014 Truecrypt считается небезопасным).
Encfs не резервирует место на вашем HD и просто увеличивается и уменьшается вместе с файлами, которые Вы туда помещаете.
Единственное, что может показаться немного запутанным, это то, что для его работы необходимо создать две директории (папки): одну зашифрованную и одну незашифрованную.
Зачем нам нужна незашифрованная директория, содержащая данные, которые мы хотим зашифровать; разве это не мать всех недостатков безопасности?.
Весь смысл шифрования заключается в том, что зашифрованные данные не должны быть доступны в незашифрованном виде, верно?
Принцип работы Encfs заключается в том, что незашифрованный каталог является точкой монтирования для зашифрованного содержимого.
If you do not mount it nothing will be visible. And to mount it; you need to enter a given password.
Installing
Encfs is in the community repo so you can simply install it with your favorite package manager or by using:
pamac install encfs
Using it - encrypting
We want to make a directory that we would call
.secret
to keep our encrypted stuff, and we would make the mount point
secret
To achieve this, we run the following command in a terminal:
encfs ~/.secret ~/secret
You may also create the directories ~/.secret and ~/secret manually.
First time run
This will create the hidden directory .secret and the mount point secret the first time you run it. Just answer yes to the prompts - twice. You need to use the full path. During first time run you will also be prompted for the encryption mode; x for expert or p for paranoia mode. We will pick p which is a good mode.
Next you will be prompted for your password. Make it long and hard to crack but don't forget it - if you do; there is no way of recovering your data.
Confirm the password and that's it you are finished.
Regular use
We have created the directory ~/.secret that will contain the encrypted data and we have made it a hidden directory because we will never enter anything in it and the content will all be unreadable.
The content of ~/.secret will only be readable when mounted in the other directory we created: ~/secret The only difference between the two is the "." ~/secret will be the working directory where you put the files you want encrypted. To mount the directory we enter the command:
encfs ~/.secret ~/secret
You may call your directories something completely different than .secret and secret; it is up to you. Enter the password and start entering content into ~/secret.
We never enter data into ~/.secret - that is why we have hidden it with a "."
To unmount ~/secret we enter the command:
fusermount -u ~/secret
If you check the content of ~/secret now; it will be completely empty. In order to see the content again you need to mount again with
encfs ~/.secret ~/secret
and enter the password. This will mount secret as a disk you can do a simple
df
to check if secret is mounted
Encrypting Dropbox
One of the strong points of Encfs is that it does not reserve a lot of valuable space. This makes it suitable for encrypting Dropbox content.
There is no such thing as 100% security in the cloud, so remember that some things simply do not belong there.
Keeping that in mind - we create a folder under ~/Dropbox that we call encrypted and we create a mount point that we call Dropbox_unencrypted.
We can create the directories manually or let enfcs auto generate them:
encfs ~/Dropbox/encrypted ~/Dropbox_unencrypted
Just like under any first time run you accept the creation of the directories with a "y" -twice and pick "p" for paranoid mode. Then you enter the password.
To access the Dropbox from another computer repeat the exact same procedure there and enter exactly the same password.
That is all there is to it - your jiberish unreadable data will now be on the web (in the cloud) in the Dropbox/encrypted folder.
It will only be readable to you after you have mounted ~/Dropbox_unencrypted on your local computer.
You will also have the synced ~/Dropbox/encrypted folder on your computer , and that will be as unreadable as the content on the web.
As we have seen above; this content will only be visible when you mount it in ~/Dropbox_unencrypted.
Again; do not put any content in ~/Dropbox/encrypted: All the content there will be added after you have mounted the working directory - ~/Dropbox_unencrypted.
To test it you can unmount it with
fusermount -u ~/Dropbox_unencrypted
and re-mount it with
encfs ~/Dropbox/encrypted ~/Dropbox_unencrypted
at wich time you will be prompted for the password.
GUI helpers
To mount and un-mount there are helpers in AUR that can make the handling easier.
- cryptkeeper - A Linux system tray applet that manages EncFS encrypted folders
- kencfs - GUI frontend for encfs. Create, mount, umount and delete your encrypted fs
- encfsui - Encrypted filesystem encfs GUI wrapper