Manjaro

Стандарты пакетов Manjaro

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Представленные PKGBUILD ни при каких обстоятельствах не должны собирать приложения, уже находящиеся в официальных бинарных репозиториях. Исключением из этого строгого правила могут быть только пакеты с включенными дополнительными функциями и/или патчами по сравнению с официальными. В этом случае массив pkgname должен быть другим.

При создании пакетов для Manjaro Linux, придерживайтесь руководства по созданию пакетов, приведенного ниже, особенно если вы собираетесь внести свой вклад в новый пакет для Manjaro Linux. Вам также следует ознакомиться с PKGBUILD и makepkg manpages.

Прототип PKGBUILD

# Maintainer: Иван Иванов <ваша_почта@домен.ru>
pkgname=NAME
pkgver=VERSION
pkgrel=1
pkgdesc=""
arch=()
url=""
license=('GPL')
groups=()
depends=()
makedepends=()
optdepends=()
provides=()
conflicts=()
replaces=()
backup=()
options=()
install=
changelog=
source=($pkgname-$pkgver.tar.gz)
noextract=()
md5sums=() #автозаполнение с помощью updpkgsums

build() {
  cd $pkgname-$pkgver

  ./configure --prefix=/usr
  make
}

package() {
  cd $pkgname-$pkgver

  make DESTDIR="$pkgdir/" install
}

Другие прототипы можно найти в /usr/share/pacman из пакетов pacman и abs.

Этикет упаковки

  • Пакеты никогда не должны устанавливаться в /usr/local
  • Не вводите новые переменные в PKGBUILD в скрипты сборки, если только пакет не может быть собран без этого, так как они могут конфликтовать с переменными, используемыми в самом makepkg. Если новая переменная в самом деле необходима, предварите её имя нижним подчеркиванием (_), напр. 
    _customvariable=

    AUR не может определить использование пользовательских переменных и поэтому не может использовать их в подстановках. Чаще всего это можно увидеть в исходном массиве, например. 

    http://downloads.sourceforge.net/directxwine/$patchname.$patchver.diff.bz2

    Такая ситуация противоречит эффективной функциональности AUR.

  • Избегайте использования /usr/libexec/ для для всего подряд. Вместо него используйте /usr/lib/${pkgname}/.
  • Поле packager из метафайла пакета может настраиваться создателем пакета путем изменения соответствующей опции в /etc/makepkg.conf файл, или альтернативно переопределить его, создав ~/.makepkg.conf
  • All important messages should be echoed during install using an .install file. For example, if a package needs extra setup to work, directions should be included.
  • Any optional dependencies that are not needed to run the package or have it generally function should not be included; instead the information should be added to the optdepends array: 
    optdepends=('cups: printing support'
            'sane: scanners support'
            'libgphoto2: digital cameras support'
            'alsa-lib: sound support'
            'giflib: GIF images support'
            'libjpeg: JPEG images support'
            'libpng: PNG images support')

    The above example is taken from the wine package in extra. The optdepends information is automatically printed out on installation/upgrade so one should not keep this kind of information in .install files.

  • When creating a package description for a package, do not include the package name in a self-referencing way. For example, "Nedit is a text editor for X11" could be simplified to "A text editor for X11". Also try to keep the descriptions to ~80 characters or less.
  • Try to keep the line length in the PKGBUILD below ~100 characters.
  • Where possible, remove empty lines from the PKGBUILD (provides, replaces, etc.)
  • It is common practice to preserve the order of the PKGBUILD fields as shown above. However, this is not mandatory, as the only requirement in this context is correct bash syntax.

Package naming

  • Package names should consist of alphanumeric characters only; all letters should be lowercase.
  • Package names should NOT be suffixed with the upstream major release version number (e.g. we don't want libfoo2 if upstream calls it libfoo v2.3.4) in case the library and its dependencies are expected to be able to keep using the most recent library version with each respective upstream release. However, for some software or dependencies, this can not be assumed. In the past this has been especially true for widget toolkits such as GTK and Qt. Software that depends on such toolkits can usually not be trivially ported to a new major version. As such, in cases where software can not trivially keep rolling alongside its dependencies, package names should carry the major version suffix (e.g. gtk2, gtk3, qt4, qt5). For cases where most dependencies can keep rolling along the newest release but some can't (for instance closed source that needs libpng12 or similar), a deprecated version of that package might be called libfoo1 while the current version is just libfoo.
  • Package versions should be the same as the version released by the author. Versions can include letters if need be (eg, nmap's version is 2.54BETA32). Version tags may not include hyphens! Letters, numbers, and periods only.
  • Package releases are specific to Arch Linux packages. These allow users to differentiate between newer and older package builds. When a new package version is first released, the release count starts at 1. Then as fixes and optimizations are made, the package will be re-released to the Arch Linux public and the release number will increment. When a new version comes out, the release count resets to 1. Package release tags follow the same naming restrictions as version tags.

Directories

  • Configuration files should be placed in the /etc directory. If there is more than one configuration file, it is customary to use a subdirectory in order to keep the /etc area as clean as possible. Use /etc/{pkgname}/ where {pkgname} is the name of the package (or a suitable alternative, eg, apache uses /etc/httpd/).
  • Package files should follow these general directory guidelines:
/etc System-essential configuration files
/usr/bin Binaries
/usr/lib Libraries
/usr/include Header files
/usr/lib/{pkg} Modules, plugins, etc.
/usr/share/doc/{pkg} Application documentation
/usr/share/info GNU Info system files
/usr/share/man Manpages
/usr/share/{pkg} Application data
/var/lib/{pkg} Persistent application storage
/etc/{pkg} Configuration files for {pkg}
/opt/{pkg} Large self-contained packages such as Java, etc.
  • Пакеты не должны содержать ни одного из следующих каталогов:
    • /dev
    • /home
    • /srv
    • /media
    • /mnt
    • /proc
    • /root
    • /selinux
    • /sys
    • /tmp
    • /var/tmp
    • /run

Makepkg duties

When makepkg is used to build a package, it does the following automatically:

  1. Checks if package dependencies and makedepends are installed
  2. Downloads source files from servers
  3. Checks the integrity of source files
  4. Unpacks source files
  5. Does any necessary patching
  6. Builds the software and installs it in a fake root
  7. Strips symbols from binaries
  8. Strips debugging symbols from libraries
  9. Compresses manual and, or info pages
  10. Generates the package meta file which is included with each package
  11. Compresses the fake root into the package file
  12. Stores the package file in the configured destination directory (cwd by default)

Architectures

The arch array should contain 'i686' and/or 'x86_64' depending on which architectures it can be built on. You can also use 'any' for architecture independent packages.

Licenses

The license array is being implemented in the official repos, and it should be used in your packages as well. Use it as follows:

  • A licenses package has been created in [core] that stores common licenses in /usr/share/licenses/common ie. /usr/share/licenses/common/GPL. If a package is licensed under one of these licenses, the licenses variable will be set to the directory name e.g. license=('GPL')
  • If the appropriate license is not included in the official licenses package, several things must be done:
    1. The license file(s) should be included in /usr/share/licenses/$pkgname/ e.g. /usr/share/licenses/dibfoo/LICENSE. One good way to do this is by using: 
      install -D -m644 LICENSE "${pkgdir}/usr/share/licenses/${pkgname}/LICENSE"
    2. If the source tarball does NOT contain the license details and the license is only displayed on a website for example, then copy the license to a file and include it. Remember to call it something appropriate too.
    3. Add 'custom' to the licenses array. Optionally, you can replace 'custom' with 'custom:"name of license"'.
  • Once a licenses is used in two or more packages in an official repo, including [community], it becomes common
  • The MIT, BSD, zlib/libpng and Python licenses are special cases and cannot be included in the 'common' licenses pkg. For the sake of the license variable, it is treated like a common license (license=('BSD'), license=('MIT'), license=('ZLIB') or license=('Python')) but for the sake of the filesystem, it is a custom license, because each one has its own copyright line. Each MIT, BSD, zlib/libpng or Python licensed package should have its unique license stored in /usr/share/licenses/$pkgname/.
  • Some packages may not be covered by a single license. In these cases multiple entries may be made in the license array e.g. license=("GPL" "custom:some commercial license"). For the majority of packages these licenses apply in different cases, as opposed to applying at the same time. When pacman gets the ability to filter on licenses (so you can say, "I only want GPL and BSD licensed software") dual (or more) licenses will be treated by pacman using OR, rather than AND logic, thus pacman will consider the above example as GPL licensed software, regardless of the other licenses listed.
  • The (L)GPL has many versions and permutations of those versions. For (L)GPL software, the convention is:
    • (L)GPL - (L)GPLv2 or any later version
    • (L)GPL2 - (L)GPL2 only
    • (L)GPL3 - (L)GPL3 or any later version

Submitting packages to the AUR

Note the following before submitting any packages to the AUR:

  1. The submitted PKGBUILDs MUST NOT build applications already in any of the official binary repositories under any circumstances. Exception to this strict rule may only be packages having extra features enabled and/or patches in compare to the official ones. In such an occasion the pkgname array should be different to express that difference. eg. A GNU screen PKGBUILD submitted containing the sidebar patch, could be named screen-sidebar etc. Additionally the provides=('screen') PKGBUILD array should be used in order to avoid conflicts with the official package.
  2. To ensure the security of pkgs submitted to the AUR please ensure that you have correctly filled the md5sum field. The md5sum's can be generated using the updpkgsums command.
  3. Please add a comment line to the top of the PKGBUILD file that follows this format. Remember to disguise your email to protect against spam: 
    # Maintainer: Your Name <address at domain dot com>

    If you are assuming the role of maintainer for an existing PKGBUILD, add your name to the top as described above and change the title of the previous Maintainer(s) to Contributor: 

    # Maintainer: Your Name <address at domain dot com>
# Contributor: Previous Name <address at domain dot com>
  4. Verify the package dependencies (eg, run ldd on dynamic executables, check tools required by scripts, etc). The TU team strongly recommend the use of the namcap utility, written by Jason Chu (jason@archlinux.org), to analyze the sanity of packages. namcap will warn you about bad permissions, missing dependencies, un-needed dependencies, and other common mistakes. You can install the namcap package with pacman. Remember namcap can be used to check both pkg.tar.gz files and PKGBUILDs
  5. Dependencies are the most common packaging error. Namcap can help detect them, but it is not always correct. Verify dependencies by looking at source documentation and the program website.
  6. Do not use replaces in a PKGBUILD unless the package is to be renamed, for example when Ethereal became Wireshark. If the package is an alternate version of an already existing package, use conflicts (and provides if that package is required by others). The main difference is: after syncing (-Sy) pacman immediately wants to replace an installed, 'offending' package upon encountering a package with the matching replaces anywhere in its repositories; conflicts on the other hand is only evaluated when actually installing the package, which is usually the desired behavior because it is less invasive.
  7. All files uploaded to the AUR should be contained in a compressed tar file containing a directory with the PKGBUILD and additional build files (patches, install, ...) in it. 
    foo/PKGBUILD
foo/foo.install
foo/foo_bar.diff
foo/foo.rc.conf

    The archive name should contain the name of the package e.g. foo.tar.gz.

    One can easily build a tarball containing all the required files by using makepkg --source. This makes a tarball named $pkgname-$pkgver-$pkgrel.src.tar.gz, which can then be uploaded to the AUR.

    The tarball should not contain the binary tarball created by makepkg, nor should it contain the filelist

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