Difference between revisions of "OpenRC, an alternative to systemd"

{{Important|Manjaro does no longer support OpenRC}}

{{Important|Manjaro does no longer support OpenRC}}

{{Important|If you are looking for OpenRC capable Arch have a look at [https://artixlinux.org Artix Linux]}}

{{Important|If you are looking for OpenRC capable Arch have a look at [https://artixlinux.org Artix Linux]}}

[https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/OpenRC OpenRC] is a dependency based [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Init init] system maintained by the Gentoo developers, that works with the system provided init program, normally [http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/sysvinit sysvinit]. It is not a replacement for sysvinit.

[https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/OpenRC OpenRC] is a dependency based [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Init init] system maintained by the Gentoo developers, that works with the system provided init program, normally [http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/sysvinit sysvinit]. It is not a replacement for sysvinit.

== Installation ==

== Installation ==

{{Important|OpenRC on Manjaro has been [https://forum.manjaro.org/t/manjaro-openrc-will-be-discontinued/28387 discontinued].}}

{{Important|OpenRC on Manjaro has been [https://forum.manjaro.org/t/manjaro-openrc-will-be-discontinued/28387 discontinued].}}

OpenRC is available from the the Manjaro repositories. It can be installed as:

OpenRC is available from the the Manjaro repositories. It can be installed as:

  sudo pacman -S openrc-base

  sudo pacman -S openrc-base

The output of the above command looks like the following:

The output of the above command looks like the following:

  $ sudo pacman -S openrc-base

  $ sudo pacman -S openrc-base

  :: There are 10 members in group openrc-base:

  :: There are 10 members in group openrc-base:

On installing ''openrc-base'', one may get messages like:

On installing ''openrc-base'', one may get messages like:

  run 'rc-update add dbus default'

  run 'rc-update add dbus default'

  run 'rc-update add cronie default'

  run 'rc-update add cronie default'

Running these command(s) adds the service(s) to the specified runlevels. For example on running:

Running these command(s) adds the service(s) to the specified runlevels. For example on running:

  sudo rc-update add dbus default

  sudo rc-update add dbus default

The dbus service would be added to the default runelevel and would automatically be started at boot.

The dbus service would be added to the default runelevel and would automatically be started at boot.

''dbus'' (system message bus) and ''cronie'' (for cron) are some common services that can be enabled.

''dbus'' (system message bus) and ''cronie'' (for cron) are some common services that can be enabled.

=== Additional packages ===

=== Additional packages ===

==== Display Manager ====

==== Display Manager ====

For example, to use '''lightdm''', change the line:

For example, to use '''lightdm''', change the line:

  DISPLAYMANAGER="xdm"

  DISPLAYMANAGER="xdm"

to

to

Finally the '''xdm''' service can be added to default runlevel:

Finally the '''xdm''' service can be added to default runlevel:

  sudo rc-update add xdm default

  sudo rc-update add xdm default

'''Note:'''

'''Note:'''

''lightdm'' and a ''lightdm-greeter'' (like ''lightdm-gtk-greeter'') should be installed to use lightdm as display manager. A guide is available on the [https://forum.manjaro.org/index.php?topic=21386.0 forums].

''lightdm'' and a ''lightdm-greeter'' (like ''lightdm-gtk-greeter'') should be installed to use lightdm as display manager. A guide is available on the [https://forum.manjaro.org/index.php?topic=21386.0 forums].

==== Audio (ALSA) ====

==== Audio (ALSA) ====

The '''alsa-utils-openrc''' package can be installed. After installing it, run:

The '''alsa-utils-openrc''' package can be installed. After installing it, run:

  sudo rc-update add alsasound default

  sudo rc-update add alsasound default

to automatically start ''alsa'' at boot.

to automatically start ''alsa'' at boot.

==== Network Manager ====

==== Network Manager ====

By default ''dhcpcd'' is enabled via [https://github.com/gentoo/netifrc netifrc]. However if one uses Wifi to connect to the internet, or need a graphical network applet, then '''networkmanager-openrc''' can be installed.

By default ''dhcpcd'' is enabled via [https://github.com/gentoo/netifrc netifrc]. However if one uses Wifi to connect to the internet, or need a graphical network applet, then '''networkmanager-openrc''' can be installed.

Other alternatives like ''wicd-openrc'' and ''connman-openrc'' are also available.

Other alternatives like ''wicd-openrc'' and ''connman-openrc'' are also available.

==== Consolekit ====

==== Consolekit ====

The '''consolekit-openrc''' package can be installed. Consolekit supports multi-user setups, mounting of partitions by unauthorized users, etc. See the [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/ConsoleKit Gentoo-Wiki] for more details.  

The '''consolekit-openrc''' package can be installed. Consolekit supports multi-user setups, mounting of partitions by unauthorized users, etc. See the [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/ConsoleKit Gentoo-Wiki] for more details.  

See the [[Openrc#Using_Consolekit | Using Consolekit]] section on how to install it and for more info.

See the [[Openrc#Using_Consolekit | Using Consolekit]] section on how to install it and for more info.

==== openrc-desktop ====

==== openrc-desktop ====

The ''openrc-desktop'' package group can be used to install most of the above desktop related packages in one go. For example:

The ''openrc-desktop'' package group can be used to install most of the above desktop related packages in one go. For example:

  $ sudo pacman -S openrc-desktop

  $ sudo pacman -S openrc-desktop

  :: There are 6 members in group openrc-desktop:

  :: There are 6 members in group openrc-desktop:

==== Others ====

==== Others ====

===== ACPI =====

===== ACPI =====

For handling acpi events, '''acpid-openrc''' can be installed and enabled (see [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Acpid this] for more details on acpid).

For handling acpi events, '''acpid-openrc''' can be installed and enabled (see [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Acpid this] for more details on acpid).

===== Logging =====

===== Logging =====

For logging, a logger can be chosen from ''metalog-openrc'', ''syslog-ng-openrc'', and ''rsyslog-openrc'', by installing the package and enabling its respective service.

For logging, a logger can be chosen from ''metalog-openrc'', ''syslog-ng-openrc'', and ''rsyslog-openrc'', by installing the package and enabling its respective service.

===== Suspend/Hibernate =====

===== Suspend/Hibernate =====

To suspend and hibernate via the command line, '''pm-utils''' can be installed. You may also need the '''upower-pm-utils''' package if suspend and hibernate does not work. See the [[Using_OpenRC,_an_alternative_to_systemd#Troubleshooting | troubleshooting]] section for some issues that one could face.

To suspend and hibernate via the command line, '''pm-utils''' can be installed. You may also need the '''upower-pm-utils''' package if suspend and hibernate does not work. See the [[Using_OpenRC,_an_alternative_to_systemd#Troubleshooting | troubleshooting]] section for some issues that one could face.

=== Note ===

=== Note ===

If using [[plymouth]] before, then {{ic|/etc/mkinitcpio.conf}} would need to be edited to remove the '''plymouth''' hook, as plymouth does not work correctly with OpenRC. The hooks line should look like:

If using [[plymouth]] before, then {{ic|/etc/mkinitcpio.conf}} would need to be edited to remove the '''plymouth''' hook, as plymouth does not work correctly with OpenRC. The hooks line should look like:

  HOOKS="base udev autodetect modconf block resume filesystems keyboard keymap fsck"

  HOOKS="base udev autodetect modconf block resume filesystems keyboard keymap fsck"

After that would need to regenerate the initrd as:

After that would need to regenerate the initrd as:

  sudo mkinitcpio -p linux<version>

  sudo mkinitcpio -p linux<version>

For example,

For example,

  sudo mkinitcpio -p linux314

  sudo mkinitcpio -p linux314

== Configuration ==

== Configuration ==

=== Adding or Removing services ===

=== Adding or Removing services ===

Services can be added to startup with:

Services can be added to startup with:

  sudo rc-update add <service> <runlevel>

  sudo rc-update add <service> <runlevel>

For example,

For example,

  sudo rc-update add sshd default

  sudo rc-update add sshd default

runlevel can be skipped if adding services to the current runlevel, ie:

runlevel can be skipped if adding services to the current runlevel, ie:

  sudo rc-update add sshd

  sudo rc-update add sshd

A service can be removed from startup with:

A service can be removed from startup with:

  sudo rc-update del <service> <runlevel>

  sudo rc-update del <service> <runlevel>

=== Check running services ===

=== Check running services ===

To check what services are running, one can type:

To check what services are running, one can type:

  rc-status

  rc-status

=== Start / stop / restart services ===

=== Start / stop / restart services ===

To start / stop / restart services ''immediately'', the '''rc-service''' command can be used. For example:

To start / stop / restart services ''immediately'', the '''rc-service''' command can be used. For example:

  sudo rc-service networkmanager restart

  sudo rc-service networkmanager restart

=== Some common services ===

=== Some common services ===

To enable printing support, the '''cups-openrc''' package can be installed. For example,

To enable printing support, the '''cups-openrc''' package can be installed. For example,

  $ sudo pacman -S cups-openrc

  $ sudo pacman -S cups-openrc

  resolving dependencies...

  resolving dependencies...

   

   

  :: Proceed with installation? [Y/n]  

  :: Proceed with installation? [Y/n]  

The service for it is ''cupsd''.

The service for it is ''cupsd''.

  $ sudo rc-service cupsd start

  $ sudo rc-service cupsd start

  * Starting cupsd ...                                                                                                      [ ok ]

  * Starting cupsd ...                                                                                                      [ ok ]

{{Tip | All services present can be listed with the '''{{ic|rc-service --list}}''' command.}}

{{Tip | All services present can be listed with the '''{{ic|rc-service --list}}''' command.}}

== Using Consolekit ==

== Using Consolekit ==

{{Important|Consolekit has been deprecated in Manjaro in favour of [https://forum.manjaro.org/t/switch-from-consolekit-to-elogind/19412 elogind].}}

{{Important|Consolekit has been deprecated in Manjaro in favour of [https://forum.manjaro.org/t/switch-from-consolekit-to-elogind/19412 elogind].}}

Additionally, if not already done, [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/ConsoleKit consolekit] can be installed to perform root actions like shutting down or restarting system as non-root user from your Desktop Environment.

Additionally, if not already done, [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/ConsoleKit consolekit] can be installed to perform root actions like shutting down or restarting system as non-root user from your Desktop Environment.

After installing it can be enabled with {{ic|'''sudo rc-update add consolekit'''}} and would be activated after a reboot.

After installing it can be enabled with {{ic|'''sudo rc-update add consolekit'''}} and would be activated after a reboot.

To check that consolekit is running and a ck-session was started, the following command can be used:

To check that consolekit is running and a ck-session was started, the following command can be used:

  ck-list-sessions

  ck-list-sessions

The output looks like the following:

The output looks like the following:

  Session1:

  Session1:

  login-session-id = ''

  login-session-id = ''

  ck-launch-session <session-name>

  ck-launch-session <session-name>

For example,

For example,

  ck-launch-session startxfce4

  ck-launch-session startxfce4

=== Some gotcha's ===

=== Some gotcha's ===

Display managers that are known to work with consolekit are '''lightdm''', '''lxdm''' (via [https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/lxdm-consolekit/ lxdm-consolekit]), '''kdm''' (via [https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/kdebase-workspace-consolekit/ kdebase-workspace-consolekit]), and '''mdm''' (via [https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/mdm-nosystemd/ mdm-nosystemd]). Have a look at the [[Openrc#Display_Manager | Display Manager]] section for more info.

Display managers that are known to work with consolekit are '''lightdm''', '''lxdm''' (via [https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/lxdm-consolekit/ lxdm-consolekit]), '''kdm''' (via [https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/kdebase-workspace-consolekit/ kdebase-workspace-consolekit]), and '''mdm''' (via [https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/mdm-nosystemd/ mdm-nosystemd]). Have a look at the [[Openrc#Display_Manager | Display Manager]] section for more info.

If you use Openbox or another Window Manager along with [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Oblogout oblogout], then [https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/oblogout-consolekit/ oblogout-consolekit] from the AUR can be used for having a graphical logout interface.

If you use Openbox or another Window Manager along with [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Oblogout oblogout], then [https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/oblogout-consolekit/ oblogout-consolekit] from the AUR can be used for having a graphical logout interface.

== Replacing systemd with eudev ==

== Replacing systemd with eudev ==

With OpenRC being used as init system, the role of systemd is reduced to that of a [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Udev udev] provider, and for compatibility reasons.

With OpenRC being used as init system, the role of systemd is reduced to that of a [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Udev udev] provider, and for compatibility reasons.

The steps to install eudev are as follows:

The steps to install eudev are as follows:

  sudo pacman -S eudev eudev-systemdcompat

  sudo pacman -S eudev eudev-systemdcompat

The output looks like the following:

The output looks like the following:

  $ sudo pacman -S eudev eudev-systemdcompat

  $ sudo pacman -S eudev eudev-systemdcompat

  resolving dependencies...

  resolving dependencies...

After the above steps systemd would be uninstalled and replaced by eudev and its counterparts.

After the above steps systemd would be uninstalled and replaced by eudev and its counterparts.

=== Note ===

=== Note ===

''eudev-systemdcompat'' has been superseded by ''eudev-systemd'' and ''libeudev-systemd'' [https://forum.manjaro.org/t/update-troubles/9046 (link)].

''eudev-systemdcompat'' has been superseded by ''eudev-systemd'' and ''libeudev-systemd'' [https://forum.manjaro.org/t/update-troubles/9046 (link)].

== Troubleshooting ==

== Troubleshooting ==

=== Boot logs ===

=== Boot logs ===

The boot logs for OpenRC are stored in ''/var/log/rc.log''

The boot logs for OpenRC are stored in ''/var/log/rc.log''

=== Get warning at shutdown ===

=== Get warning at shutdown ===

If at shutdown there is a message like:

If at shutdown there is a message like:

  WARNING: /usr/lib/rc/cache is not writable!

  WARNING: /usr/lib/rc/cache is not writable!

Then this directory can be created as:

Then this directory can be created as:

  sudo mkdir /usr/lib/rc/cache

  sudo mkdir /usr/lib/rc/cache

=== Error about /etc/sysctl.conf not found ===

=== Error about /etc/sysctl.conf not found ===

It can be created with:

It can be created with:

  sudo touch /etc/sysctl.conf

  sudo touch /etc/sysctl.conf

=== Enable Swap (for GPT partitions) ===

=== Enable Swap (for GPT partitions) ===

=== Using tmpfs ===

=== Using tmpfs ===

systemd used to set a ''tmpfs'' by default; to set it manually via ''/etc/fstab'', the following lines can be added:

systemd used to set a ''tmpfs'' by default; to set it manually via ''/etc/fstab'', the following lines can be added:

  tmpfs /tmp tmpfs  nodev,nosuid          0  0

  tmpfs /tmp tmpfs  nodev,nosuid          0  0

See the [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Fstab#tmpfs Arch Wiki] for more details.

See the [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Fstab#tmpfs Arch Wiki] for more details.

=== Module auto-loading ===

=== Module auto-loading ===

  # You should consult your kernel documentation and configuration

  # You should consult your kernel documentation and configuration

  # for a list of modules and their options.

  # for a list of modules and their options.

  modules="vboxdrv"

  modules="vboxdrv"

=== Setting hostname ===

=== Setting hostname ===

If your hostname is being displayed as '''localhost''' even if there a different hostname in ''/etc/hostname'', then you probably need to change your hostname in ''/etc/conf.d/hostname''

If your hostname is being displayed as '''localhost''' even if there a different hostname in ''/etc/hostname'', then you probably need to change your hostname in ''/etc/conf.d/hostname''

=== Setting keymap ===

=== Setting keymap ===

=== Setting Hardware clock ===

=== Setting Hardware clock ===

Can be done by editing {{ic|/etc/conf.d/hwclock}}

Can be done by editing {{ic|/etc/conf.d/hwclock}}

=== Shutting down / rebooting ===

=== Shutting down / rebooting ===

=== X does not start from a virtual terminal ===

=== X does not start from a virtual terminal ===

With Xorg-1.16, Arch Linux decided to make X rootless using systemd-logind [https://www.archlinux.org/news/xorg-server-116-is-now-available/].

With Xorg-1.16, Arch Linux decided to make X rootless using systemd-logind [https://www.archlinux.org/news/xorg-server-116-is-now-available/].

  # Xorg.wrap configuation file

  # Xorg.wrap configuation file

  needs_root_rights = yes

  needs_root_rights = yes

=== Input devices not working ===

=== Input devices not working ===

With ''eudev-3.0'', a new '''input''' group was introduced; you could try adding your user to it.

With ''eudev-3.0'', a new '''input''' group was introduced; you could try adding your user to it.

  sudo gpasswd -a <user> input

  sudo gpasswd -a <user> input

=== MySQL service not working ===

=== MySQL service not working ===

=== Pulseaudio does not start / work ===

=== Pulseaudio does not start / work ===

=== Ctrl + Alt + Backspace causes problems with some display managers ===

=== Ctrl + Alt + Backspace causes problems with some display managers ===

=== Httpd (Apache) service status says crashed ===

=== Httpd (Apache) service status says crashed ===

If the {{ic|httpd}} process is running but {{ic|rc-status}} shows the service as crashed, try editing ''/etc/init.d/httpd'' and remove the {{ic|start-stop-daemon}} call when starting the service:

If the {{ic|httpd}} process is running but {{ic|rc-status}} shows the service as crashed, try editing ''/etc/init.d/httpd'' and remove the {{ic|start-stop-daemon}} call when starting the service:

   # sed 's|start-stop-daemon --start -- ${APACHE2} ${APACHE2_OPTS} -k start|${APACHE2} ${APACHE2_OPTS} -k start|' -i /etc/init.d/httpd

   # sed 's|start-stop-daemon --start -- ${APACHE2} ${APACHE2_OPTS} -k start|${APACHE2} ${APACHE2_OPTS} -k start|' -i /etc/init.d/httpd

A better solution seems to be to explicitly add the ''pidfile'' option to start stop daemon:

A better solution seems to be to explicitly add the ''pidfile'' option to start stop daemon:

   # sed 's|start-stop-daemon --start|start-stop-daemon --start --pidfile ${PIDFILE}|' -i /etc/init.d/httpd

   # sed 's|start-stop-daemon --start|start-stop-daemon --start --pidfile ${PIDFILE}|' -i /etc/init.d/httpd

=== Unable to build ISO using manjaro-tools on OpenRC ===

=== Unable to build ISO using manjaro-tools on OpenRC ===

== Further Reading ==

== Further Reading ==

[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Openrc The Arch Wiki]

[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Openrc The Arch Wiki]

[http://blog.notfoss.com/posts/openrc-on-arch-linux/ OpenRC on Arch Linux]

[http://blog.notfoss.com/posts/openrc-on-arch-linux/ OpenRC on Arch Linux]

[https://wiki.manjaro.org/index.php?title=Autostart_X_at_Login_-_OpenRC_%26_SystemD Autostart X at Login - OpenRC]

[https://wiki.manjaro.org/index.php?title=Autostart_X_at_Login_-_OpenRC_%26_SystemD Autostart X at Login - OpenRC]

[http://systemd-free.org/ systemd-free.org]

[http://systemd-free.org/ systemd-free.org]

[https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:X86/Working/Initscripts Initscripts]

[https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:X86/Working/Initscripts Initscripts]

[https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki//etc/local.d /etc/local.d]

[https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki//etc/local.d /etc/local.d]

[[Category:Obsolete]]

[[Category:Obsolete]]