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Difference between revisions of "Using Manjaro for Windows users"
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== Windows has drives, Linux has a hierarchical file system == | == Windows has drives, Linux has a hierarchical file system == | ||
So Windows | So Windows has drives: | ||
* The C:-drive generally contains Windows and sometimes data | * The C:-drive generally contains Windows and sometimes data | ||
* The D:-drive (if present) contains data and hardly ever contains Windows itself. | * The D:-drive (if present) contains data and hardly ever contains Windows itself. | ||
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* Don't install the Gnome Editor (`gedit`) on KDE but use `kate` instead because `gedit` will pull in a ton of libraries (and functionality) of Gnome which will bloat your system. | * Don't install the Gnome Editor (`gedit`) on KDE but use `kate` instead because `gedit` will pull in a ton of libraries (and functionality) of Gnome which will bloat your system. | ||
* Don't install 2 DEs for one user: | * Don't install 2 DEs for one user: | ||
* You ''can'' have different DEs | * You ''can'' have different DEs on a single computer | ||
* Each user can have their own DE | * Each user can have their own DE | ||
* '''Having 2 DEs for one user is a recipe for disaster as one single configuration file might be used by 2 DEs for wildly different functionality''' and untangling this Gordian knot will be so complex that a reinstall is always easier. | * '''Having 2 DEs for one user is a recipe for disaster as one single configuration file might be used by 2 DEs for wildly different functionality''' and untangling this Gordian knot will be so complex that a reinstall is always easier. | ||
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== Linux has multiple file systems == | == Linux has multiple file systems == | ||
Windows has one file system: NTFS (and if you include the DOS FAT file system it has two. **²**) | |||
Linux has: | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext2 EXT2], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext3 EXT3], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext4 EXT4]: If you're unsure, take EXT4 as that is the newest member of that family and the most used Linux File System (FS) on desktops. | |||
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Btrfs BtrFS]: "Better FS" is good for servers or if you have a beefy computer and want FS resilience | |||
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReiserFS ReiserFS] | |||
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZFS ZFS] | |||
* ''And even more than you'll ever need'' | |||
* ''And guess what?'' Linux can also read and write to [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS NTFS] 👍 although it cannot do CHKDSKs, defrag such volumes nor can it change its permissions 👎 , so *before* you finally wipe Windows from your machine,''please, please, please'' first convert any NTFS volumes to EXT4 or any other Linux FS you're comfortable with! | |||
{{note|And remember to `mount` (see above) file systems before you access them, because your file manager *might* automount them read-only for you (which is not always what you want/need)😊}} | |||
== Linux has multiple kernels == | == Linux has multiple kernels == | ||
Windows has different versions and each version has its own kernel. So basically Windows has one kernel for Windows 8, one for Windows 10 another for Windows 11, ... | |||
(One of the authors of this wiki distinctly remember saying about Windows Version 1.0: ''Huh, what a piece of crap, that'll go nowhere! Let me buy SideKick instead!'' and history proved him wrong...) 😁 | |||
Linux can have multiple [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system kernel]s and please remember that: | |||
* LTS = Long Term Support = ultra-stable | |||
* Stable = Stable ''Development'' Kernel | |||
* RC = Release ''Candidate'' = '''''Unstable''''' development kernel | |||
* Keep an eye out on the End Of Life (EOL) dates for LTS kernels [https://www.kernel.org/category/releases.html here] and for non-LTS kernels [https://www.kernel.org here] | |||
It's always a good idea to have ''at least one'' Long Term Support (LTS) kernel installed | |||
It's always a good idea to have ''at least one'' '''fall-back kernel''' installed. E.G. In the case of 5.10 LTS, that would be 5.4 LTS; in the case of 5.14 Stable, that would be 5.10 LTS; ... | |||
It's '''only''' a good idea to have a non-LTS kernel installed if: | |||
* you have very new hardware and none of the LTS kernels work for you. [["What should I be aware of if I'm not on an LTS kernel?"]] | |||
* you're a developer and want to test your applications with the latest ''but not necessarily greatest'' kernels out there. | |||
* the whole point of having Manjaro is to test out new things like new kernels and filing bugs with the developers that don't have your technical knowledge. | |||
* to install different kernels, use the `kernel` [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface GUI] program or the `mhwd-kernel` [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command-line_interface) CLI] program. | |||
* E.G. to install the latest LTS kernel at the time of this writing execute: | |||
mhwd-kernel --install linux510 | |||
{{note|To compare this to Windows would be to say that if Windows were Linux it would allow you to run the Windows 11 shell on the Windows XP kernel or the other way around or any other bizarre combination *you as the administrator* wanted!👏}} | |||
== Linux doesn’t have a registry! == | == Linux doesn’t have a registry! == | ||
OK, OK: the Gnome DE (Desktop Environment, see above) has something called "the dconf database" which is similar to but different from the registry, mostly used for the DE itself whereas most applications will still use config files. (see below) | |||
All other DEs have config files, 'just like all Windows versions prior to Windows 95': | |||
* system config files are located in `/etc` | |||
* user config files are in `~/.config`: | |||
* `~` is an abbreviation for "your home directory" | |||
* `.config` is a ''hidden'' directory: (I.E. Any directory starting with a `.` is hidden and you probably have to press <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>H</kbd> in your DE's File Manager to see these.) | |||
* Application config files ''can reside somewhere else'' though that happens rarely.. | |||
== What’s the difference between BIOS and UEFI? == | |||
All that good stuff is explained in our [[BIOS_and_UEFI]] section. | |||
== The terminal is your best friend! == | == The terminal is your best friend! == | ||
== This is how you install software in Linux == | == This is how you install software in Linux == | ||
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=== You're part of a community now! === | === You're part of a community now! === | ||
=== What is this 'Upstream' and 'Downstream" business? === | === What is this 'Upstream' and 'Downstream" business? === | ||
== Other tips and tricks == | == Other tips and tricks == | ||
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=See Also= | =See Also= | ||