Manjaro

Difference between revisions of "UEFI - Install Guide/ru"

UEFI - Install Guide/ru (view source)

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== Общие ==
== Общие ==


<div class="mw-translate-fuzzy">
* 1. Загрузите предпочтительную версию Manjaro: XFCE, Openbox, Cinnamon, KDE, либо другую.
* 1. Загрузите предпочтительную версию Manjaro: XFCE, Openbox, Cinnamon, KDE, либо другую.
</div>


* 2. Запишите .iso на USB или DVD. Дополнительные сведения см. в [[Special:MyLanguage/Burn_an_ISO_File|Запись ISO-файла]].
* 2. Запишите .iso на USB или DVD. Дополнительные сведения см. в [[Special:MyLanguage/Burn_an_ISO_File|Запись ISO-файла]].
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1) Вам необходимо создать ''ESP (EFI System Partition)''.
1) Вам необходимо создать ''ESP (EFI System Partition)''.


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
It is a FAT32 partition which has the .efi files for booting, which you can create using gparted or gdisk. (Size at least 200-300 MiB.) Ensure the flags `boot` and `esp` are set on this partition.
It is a FAT32 partition which has the .efi files for booting, which you can create using gparted or gdisk. (Size at least 200-300 MiB.) Ensure the flags `boot` and `esp` are set on this partition.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
You should also install/check whether following packages are present-
You should also install/check whether following packages are present-
</div>


  1. efibootmgr
  <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
1. efibootmgr
  2. dosfstools
  2. dosfstools
  3. grub
  3. grub
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[[Special:MyLanguage/Pacman_Overview|(How to install packages)]]
[[Special:MyLanguage/Pacman_Overview|(How to install packages)]]
</div>




<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
2) Create the ''/boot/efi'' directory
2) Create the ''/boot/efi'' directory
{{UserCmd|command=sudo mkdir /boot/efi}}
{{UserCmd|command=sudo mkdir /boot/efi}}
</div>




<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
3.) Mount the EFI partition as ''/boot/efi''
3.) Mount the EFI partition as ''/boot/efi''
  sudo mount /dev/sdXY /boot/efi
  sudo mount /dev/sdXY /boot/efi
X = Alphabet of the drive = a,b,c ...
X = Alphabet of the drive = a,b,c ...
Y = Partition number of the EFI partition = 1,2,3,4...
Y = Partition number of the EFI partition = 1,2,3,4...
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Example - ''/dev/sda4''
Example - ''/dev/sda4''
</div>




<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
4.) Install Grub according to UEFI
4.) Install Grub according to UEFI
{{UserCmd|command=sudo grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=manjaro --recheck}}
{{UserCmd|command=sudo grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=manjaro --recheck}}
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
5.) Update Grub configuration file.
5.) Update Grub configuration file.
{{UserCmd|command=sudo update-grub}}
{{UserCmd|command=sudo update-grub}}
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{BoxInfo|note|If you get an error like:}}
{{BoxInfo|note|If you get an error like:}}
  path '/boot/grub' is not readable by Grub on boot. Installation is impossible. Aborting
  path '/boot/grub' is not readable by Grub on boot. Installation is impossible. Aborting
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Then you will need to [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Change_Root chroot] as described [[Special:MyLanguage/Restore_the_GRUB_Bootloader#Identify_and_Prepare_the_Installed_Partition.28s.29|here]], and then perform Step 5 again.
Then you will need to [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Change_Root chroot] as described [[Special:MyLanguage/Restore_the_GRUB_Bootloader#Identify_and_Prepare_the_Installed_Partition.28s.29|here]], and then perform Step 5 again.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{BoxInfo|note|If you get the following error:
{{BoxInfo|note|If you get the following error:
</div>


  EFI variables are not supported on this system.
  <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
EFI variables are not supported on this system.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
then you could load the '''efivarfs''' module :
then you could load the '''efivarfs''' module :
{{UserCmd|command=sudo modprobe efivarfs}}
{{UserCmd|command=sudo modprobe efivarfs}}
}}
}}
</div>


'''Смотрите также'''
'''Смотрите также'''


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[[Special:MyLanguage/Restore the GRUB Bootloader|Restore the GRUB Bootloader]]
[[Special:MyLanguage/Restore the GRUB Bootloader|Restore the GRUB Bootloader]]
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[https://forum.manjaro.org/t/using-livecd-v17-0-1-as-grub-to-boot-os-with-broken-bootloader/24916 Related Forum topic]
[https://forum.manjaro.org/t/using-livecd-v17-0-1-as-grub-to-boot-os-with-broken-bootloader/24916 Related Forum topic]
</div>


= Двойная загрузка с Windows =
= Двойная загрузка с Windows =


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{BoxSuccess|tip|Some manufactures EFI implementations cause GRUB not to be showed in the Boot Menu, or even if its there it can't be made default.}}
{{BoxSuccess|tip|Some manufactures EFI implementations cause GRUB not to be showed in the Boot Menu, or even if its there it can't be made default.}}
</div>




<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
'''In such cases ''[http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/index.html rEFInd]''''' can be used.
'''In such cases ''[http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/index.html rEFInd]''''' can be used.
</div>




<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[[File:Refind.png]]
[[File:Refind.png]]
</div>




<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
There are two ways to install rEFInd-
There are two ways to install rEFInd-
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
1.Install rEFInd from its [https://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html website] (detailed) or '''install using pacman'''''(preferred)''-
1.Install rEFInd from its [https://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html website] (detailed) or '''install using pacman'''''(preferred)''-
{{UserCmd|command=sudo pacman -S refind}}
{{UserCmd|command=sudo pacman -S refind}}
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Files will be present in  /usr/share/refind .
Files will be present in  /usr/share/refind .
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
2.Or using the instructions on the rEFInd website: [http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html]
2.Or using the instructions on the rEFInd website: [http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html]
</div>


== Инструкции ==
== Инструкции ==


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The '''refind-install''' command can be used to automatically install rEFInd (the EFI partition may need to be mounted for this to work). See the [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/REFInd#Installation Arch wiki] for more details.
The '''refind-install''' command can be used to automatically install rEFInd (the EFI partition may need to be mounted for this to work). See the [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/REFInd#Installation Arch wiki] for more details.
</div>


=== Ручная установка ===
=== Ручная установка ===


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Inside the refind folder ('''/usr/share/refind'''), copy the files and folders to-
Inside the refind folder ('''/usr/share/refind'''), copy the files and folders to-
</div>


  /boot/efi/EFI/Boot/
  /boot/efi/EFI/Boot/


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{BoxInfo|note|My ESP (EFI System Partition) is mounted at '''/boot/efi'''.}}
{{BoxInfo|note|My ESP (EFI System Partition) is mounted at '''/boot/efi'''.}}
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
You need to copy these files to the Boot folder on your EFI partition, and the Boot folder itself will be present inside the EFI folder on the EFI Partition, so take note of it.
You need to copy these files to the Boot folder on your EFI partition, and the Boot folder itself will be present inside the EFI folder on the EFI Partition, so take note of it.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
You can check which partition is your ESP using Gparted; find which partition is formatted as fat32 and has size around 200mb-1gb.
You can check which partition is your ESP using Gparted; find which partition is formatted as fat32 and has size around 200mb-1gb.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Can mount it as /boot/efi by
Can mount it as /boot/efi by
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=sudo mount /dev/sdXN /boot/efi}}
{{UserCmd|command=sudo mount /dev/sdXN /boot/efi}}
X=a,b,c...
X=a,b,c...
N=1,2,3...
N=1,2,3...
These depend on which partition your ESP is present which can be obtained via Gparted as mentioned earlier.
These depend on which partition your ESP is present which can be obtained via Gparted as mentioned earlier.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Now inside the /boot/efi/EFI/Boot/ folder, there should already be a file present-
Now inside the /boot/efi/EFI/Boot/ folder, there should already be a file present-
  bootx64.efi
  bootx64.efi
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
You can '''''rename''''' it as  ''windows.bootx64.efi''
You can '''''rename''''' it as  ''windows.bootx64.efi''
Then you can rename ''refind_x64.efi'' to ''bootx64.efi''
Then you can rename ''refind_x64.efi'' to ''bootx64.efi''
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The bootx64.efi files boot by default, hence rEFInd should now boot by default, and detect grubx64.efi(linux-manjaro) and efibootmgfw.efi (windows) automatically.
The bootx64.efi files boot by default, hence rEFInd should now boot by default, and detect grubx64.efi(linux-manjaro) and efibootmgfw.efi (windows) automatically.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{BoxInfo|note|A folder Manjaro (name could be some other also) containing the file ''grubx64.efi'' should also be present in '''/boot/efi/EFI/''' folder, which should contain the ''grubx64.efi'' file which will be used by rEFInd to boot Grub.}}
{{BoxInfo|note|A folder Manjaro (name could be some other also) containing the file ''grubx64.efi'' should also be present in '''/boot/efi/EFI/''' folder, which should contain the ''grubx64.efi'' file which will be used by rEFInd to boot Grub.}}
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
So it could be like-
So it could be like-
  /boot/efi/EFI/Manjaro/grubx64.efi
  /boot/efi/EFI/Manjaro/grubx64.efi
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
rEFInd would use this file for booting Manjaro.
rEFInd would use this file for booting Manjaro.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
If you do not have this file or folder, try-
If you do not have this file or folder, try-
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=sudo grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=Manjaro --recheck}}
{{UserCmd|command=sudo grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=Manjaro --recheck}}
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
to create '''/boot/efi/EFI/Manjaro/grubx64.efi'''
to create '''/boot/efi/EFI/Manjaro/grubx64.efi'''
</div>




<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
See also- [http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html#naming http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html#naming]
See also- [http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html#naming http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html#naming]
</div>


=== Альтернатива: цепная загрузка через GRUB ===
=== Альтернатива: цепная загрузка через GRUB ===




<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
An entry can be added to
An entry can be added to
{{File|file=/etc/grub.d/40_custom|
{{File|file=/etc/grub.d/40_custom|
Line 227: Line 310:
}}
}}
In this case (hd0,4) or /dev/sda4 is the EFI System partition where the Windows bootloader is present.
In this case (hd0,4) or /dev/sda4 is the EFI System partition where the Windows bootloader is present.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
After adding the above entry, running '''sudo update-grub''' updates the GRUB configuration file so that an entry named '''Windows8 (UEFI)''' is added to the GRUB boot menu.
After adding the above entry, running '''sudo update-grub''' updates the GRUB configuration file so that an entry named '''Windows8 (UEFI)''' is added to the GRUB boot menu.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[https://forum.manjaro.org/t/detecting-efi-files-and-booting-them-from-grub/38083 Related Forum topic]
[https://forum.manjaro.org/t/detecting-efi-files-and-booting-them-from-grub/38083 Related Forum topic]
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The chainloading will fail on some hardware (Lenovo Ideapad 110) with the "invalid signature" message - the Refind method will still work.
The chainloading will fail on some hardware (Lenovo Ideapad 110) with the "invalid signature" message - the Refind method will still work.
</div>


= Дополнительно =
= Дополнительно =
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Пользователи [http://rufus.akeo.ie/ Rufus] могут использовать следующие настройки:
Пользователи [http://rufus.akeo.ie/ Rufus] могут использовать следующие настройки:


  * Click on the DVD icon and load your .iso
  <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
* Click on the DVD icon and load your .iso
  * In the menu left of the DVD icon, select DD Image
  * In the menu left of the DVD icon, select DD Image
  * Device: "choose your USB" (Attention: choose correctly,
  * Device: "choose your USB" (Attention: choose correctly,
Line 249: Line 340:
  * Volume label: "Don't modify"
  * Volume label: "Don't modify"
  * Click Start, and you are done (takes 2~5 min to complete).
  * Click Start, and you are done (takes 2~5 min to complete).
</div>


= Обратная связь =
= Обратная связь =


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Questions, suggestions, critics? Please post [https://forum.manjaro.org/ here]
Questions, suggestions, critics? Please post [https://forum.manjaro.org/ here]
</div>


= Внрешние ссылки =
= Внрешние ссылки =
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