Installation with Manjaro Architect/ru

Это руководство проведет вас через установку предварительно настроенного Manjaro Desktop Environment, используя Manjaro-Architect ISO с текущей версией 0.9.2 manjaro-architect. Эта версия будет обновляться по мере дальнейшего развития программы установки.

Обратите внимание, что Manjaro Architect в настоящее время не поддерживается! Вам может потребоваться разрешить конфликт пакетов.

Manjaro-Architect это CLI (или фактически TUI) net-installer, что означает, что ему не нужен или не предоставляется (реальный) графический интерфейс, а используется консоль или меню терминала для загрузки всех пакетов для целевой системы из Интернета во время установки, а не для извлечения сжатого ISO-образа.

По сравнению с традиционной распаковкой-установкой с помощью графической программы установки типа Calamares это имеет некоторые очевидные преимущества:

• Установочный носитель может быть очень маленьким. В данном случае загрузка составляет менее 500 МБ. Кроме того, поскольку для текстового окружения не нужны видеодрайверы, маловероятно, что вы столкнетесь с проблемами при загрузке M-A ISO.
• Пакеты, установленные в результате, будут последними доступными в выбранной ветке и, независимо от того, насколько старым может быть ваш установочный носитель - Вам не потребуется обновлять свежую установку.

Таким образом, ISO manjaro-architect практически никогда не будет устаревшим. Даже сама программа установки будет обновляться автоматически при запуске программы запуска.

• Тот же установочный носитель может быть использован для установки любого окружения рабочего стола - даже тех DE и WM, которые не поддерживаются Manjaro в качестве редакции.
• Возможности для кастомизации практически неограниченны. Вы можете свободно выбирать ядро (ядра), драйверы, окружение рабочего стола (или без него) и любые другие пакеты, и у вас будет множество других и очень подробных способов настроить целевую установку по своему вкусу.

В то же время, если вы предпочитаете, то можете использовать mhwd для автоматической установки драйверов и получить доступ к предварительно сконфигурированным iso-профилям поддерживаемых редакций Manjaro, чтобы установить окружение идентичной конфигурации с тем, что вы получите, распаковав один из наших ISO.

С другой стороны, установка с помощью этого инструмента

• требует больше времени для настройки и загрузки пакетов.
• требует некоторого понимания системы Linux, и вам придется принимать некоторые решения самостоятельно, а не кто-то другой, принявший их за вас заранее.
• не предоставляет живого окружения полученного десктопа. Вы увидите то, что получите, когда получите его - WYNSIWYG

В нашем примере мы установим предварительно настроенный Manjaro-bspwm.

Итак, давайте начнем!

---

После загрузки M-A ISO вас встретит этот экран входа в систему:

https://i.imgur.com/Wg8Dm40.png

Вы можете войти в систему как пользователь manjaro или как root, в обоих случаях используя пароль manjaro. Затем запустите программу установки, выполнив команду:

setup

Теперь manjaro-architect-launcher будет искать активное подключение к Интернету, а затем загрузит и установит последнюю доступную версию программы установки. Если сеть недоступна - Вы попадете на экран с надписью nmtui, где у вас будет возможность подключиться:

https://i.imgur.com/lBAOCob.png

После этого вы можете выбрать один из нескольких языков для программы установки. Некоторые переводы еще не завершены, но теоретически они доступны на данный момент: Бразильский португальский, датский, голландский, английский, французский, немецкий, венгерский, итальянский, польский, португальский, русский и испанский.

Еще несколько проверок системы в фоновом режиме, и вы попадете в главное меню:

https://i.imgur.com/OPQtoj0.png

где будет наш первый необходимый шаг.

Подготовка к установке

https://i.imgur.com/0Ty2E6K.png

1. Установка виртуальной консоли
   At this point **M-A** will already have chosen a keyboard layout (vconsole) for the CLI environment automatically based on your language choice. If the expected default works for you, meaning you have for example chosen German and you are using a German QWERTZ keyboard, you can skip this menu entry or just open it briefly and it will show you the current configuration so you can decide if you want to keep it.

https://i.imgur.com/NW6586R.png
NOTE: The same setting will later be used for the Console configuration of the target install - it is however independent of the keyboard layout for the Desktop Environment, which is a different thing (xkbmap) and will be defined in a later step.

1. List Devices
   Here you can list your available hard drives and other storage devices if you like. You can skip this step safely.
2. Partition Disk
   In case you haven't already prepared the needed partitions for your install in advance, this step offers tools to partition storage devices with a choice of CLI tools (cfdisk, cgdisk, fdisk, gdisk or parted) and you also have an option to automatically partition your selected disk. In that case M-A will create a separate boot partition of 512MB next to a root partition of the remaining disk space for you.
   Additionally this submenu includes an option to securely clean your disk using the tool wipe.
   In our example we will choose automatic partitioning to keep it simple.
3. Deals with LUKS Encryption. Use this if you like and if you know what you're doing. In our example we will just skip this step.
4. Deals with Logical Volume Management. Use this if you like and if you know what you're doing. In our example we will just skip this step.
5. Mount Partitions
   Here you will be asked to specify which partitions to mount and how, starting with /root. We'll select the bigger one of our partitions that have been auto-created in the preceding step and use filesystem ext4, which is common for a Linux system. On the next screen we are offered a list of different mount options. If you don't know of any special needs, just leave the default and confirm with [OK], or else choose what you need.
   Next step is about SWAP. We haven't created a separate swap partition but we still have the option to use a swap file. In that case we can specify its size on the next screen. Or just don't use swap and continue with 'None'. Or of course you can choose another existing partition here to be mounted as swap by the final install - sharing a swap partition with another system on your computer is also an option of course. Just select it here like any other partition.
   A /boot partition (if needed) should be mounted as filesystem vfat.
   If you decide to mount more partitions you will be asked to specify their respective mountpoints (/home /opt /var ...).
6. Configure Installer Mirrorlist
   As you already know we will need to fetch quite a lot of data from the net very soon. So it will be good to optimise our download a little.
   The ISO's live script will already have tried to find a mirror in your region. To rank available mirrors by speed, to switch to a different branch than the default 'stable' or to tweak pacman in other ways by editing its config files you can use this submenu.
   I recommend you use at least 1.7.3. Rank Mirrors by Speed.
   The entry 1.8. Refresh Pacman Keys will normally not be needed.

Back to Main Menu we will now in our case select option 2.

Install Desktop System

1. Install Manjaro Desktop
   After the package database has been updated we will be asked to select at least one Manjaro kernel.
   Navigate to the desired list entry and select it with the Space key.
   It makes sense to choose an alternative kernel here already, so we won't need to install a backup kernel later manually. In my case I know that my hardware works best with linux41 but I also want a more recent kernel installed, so I just tick linux412 aswell.
   The base-devel group will be needed if you want to use the AUR in your installed system. If you are not sure that your selected profile actually provides base-devel and yaourt, just select the entry here together with the kernel(s).
   In this specific case I know that the Manjaro-bspwm profile has AUR support configured, so I can leave it unchecked.
   (Duplicate packages will automatically be removed from the list later, so you don't need to worry about that...)
   https://i.imgur.com/74PU2xh.png
   Next you will see a selection of all the available kernel extramodules. Since for my wireless card I will need the broadcom-wl module, I will select that one here so the matching driver packages for both my selected kernels will be installed. The rest of the listed modules I will not need, so I can leave those deselected.
   After that we are presented with the selection of available preconfigured desktop environments, where we can select bspwm for our example installation.
   The next screen offers the opportunity to select any additional packages you might want installed on your system that would else not be included, or you can just skip this with Esc.
   Now we can relax for a little while and watch M-A doing its job. It will create a list of needed packages and download and install them for us..
   https://i.imgur.com/bBsloIw.png
   In our case the download is about 600MB. Depending on your internet connection and the available selected mirror it will take a little while to get everything we need...
   Once all our packages have been installed successfully, Manjaro's hardware detection tool mhwd will install needed network drivers automatically. After that you will see this dialog about video-drivers installation:
   http://imgur.com/0PJY2sb.png
   While options 1 and 2 will find the matching free or proprietary video-drivers for your hardware automatically, option 3 will let you choose manually exactly which driver you would like to install.
   Entry 4 will install mhwd's complete list of free video-drivers. This option is intended for installation on a removable drive to later be used on varying hardware. Typical use case would be when you want to create your own manjaro-architect install media as explained in detail in @Chrysostomus' tutorial.
   Our system is now already installed, but still there are some important things we need to do:
   Back to the 'Install Desktop System' menu.
2. Install Bootloader
   Here you can choose between 'grub' or 'grub + os-prober'.
   You will like to use os-prober in case more than one system is to be found on your computer. If the Manjaro system you are installing right now is the only one or if you use a custom GRUB configuration, GRUB alone will do. The device where GRUB will be installed can be selected in the next step. Likely just one device will be listed.
   If a system including a bootloader is already present on another partition of your computer you may want to not install a bootloader at all and skip this menu entry altogether.
   Most of the steps in the next submenu 2.3. Configure Base are also important if you want to end up with a functional system! ;)
3. Generate FSTAB
   The fstab file specifies where exactly on your drive(s) the partitions to be used by your system are located.
   If you don't know anything about the options available here, just use number 3 Device UUID, which is the current standard that would be used by the graphical installer.
4. Set Hostname
   Here you can enter what will elsewhere be called 'computer-name'.
5. Set Locale
   The so-called 'locale' defines the language to be used in the target environment and will also play a role in a DE's automatic selection of a default currency, measure units and other regional "oddities" ...
6. Set Desktop Keyboard Layout
   As said before, here you can select the keyboard layout to be used by the graphical environment.
7. Set Timezone and Clock*
   In my case I select 'Europe' first, then 'Vienna' and confirm the selected timezone Europe/Vienna.
   Next, since I am not dual-booting with Windows I can say 'yes' to using UTC.
8. Set Root Password
   This step is needed (!), even when you are going to use the same password for root as for your only user. Just type it in twice, also for Root.
9. Add New User(s)
   Enter a user name (lower case letters only), choose the default shell (bash, fish or zsh) and provide the password(s)!

With this, we are in fact DONE! If you like you can double check the installed configuration using 2.5. Review Configuration Files one level up in the menu tree, which will look for available config files in the new system and offer the opportunity to open and edit them with text editor nano:

http://imgur.com/nNy0auZ.png

or even use 2.7 Chroot into Installation to adjust or fix things in the fresh install.

But now let's go back to the Main Menu and hit Done !!

Before quitting, the installer will perform a final check of some vital parts of the installation and will tell us if maybe we skipped or forgot something important, like if we didn't define a root password or not install a bootloader and the like.

We will finally also have the choice to save the installation log to the target's root directory.

In case something doesn't work out as expected this will later be helpful to find out what might have gone wrong...

But now let's reboot, shall we?

https://i.imgur.com/W3FMSUp.png

Success!!

Similar to the process demonstrated here manjaro-architect can of course alternatively be used to install a bare CLI base system without any desktop environment (menu entry 3. Install CLI System) or a custom desktop to your own liking without Manjaro pre-configuration via 4. Install Custom System. manjaro-architect 0.9.2 now also has a dedicated 5. System Rescue submenu which can be used to repair a borked Manjaro installation. However, these use-cases are not part of this tutorial.

Overview of the menu structure in current version manjaro-architect 0.9.2:

Main Menu

|
├── Prepare Installation
│    ├── Set Virtual Console
│    ├── List Devices
│    ├── Partition Disk
│    ├── LUKS Encryption
│    ├── Logical Volume Management
│    ├── Mount Partitions
│    ├── Configure Installer Mirrorlist
│    └── Refresh Pacman Keys
│
├── Install Desktop System
│   ├── Install Manjaro Desktop
│   ├── Install Bootloader
│   ├── Configure Base
│   │   ├── Generate FSTAB
│   │   ├── Set Hostname
│   │   ├── Set System Locale
│   │   ├── Set Desktop Keyboard Layout
│   │   ├── Set Timezone and Clock
│   │   ├── Set Root Password
│   │   └── Add New User(s)
│   │
│   ├── Security and systemd Tweaks
│   │   ├── Amend journald Logging
│   │   ├── Disable coredump Logging
│   │   └── Restrict Access to Kernel Logs
│   │
│   ├── Review Configuration Files
│   └── Chroot into Installation
│
├── Install CLI System
│   ├── Install Base Packages
│   ├── Install Bootloader
│   ├── Configure Base
│   │   ├── Generate FSTAB
│   │   ├── Set Hostname
│   │   ├── Set System Locale
│   │   ├── Set Desktop Keyboard Layout
│   │   ├── Set Timezone and Clock
│   │   ├── Set Root Password
│   │   └── Add New User(s)
│   │
│   ├── Install Custom Packages
│   ├── Security and systemd Tweaks
│   │   ├── Amend journald Logging
│   │   ├── Disable coredump Logging
│   │   └── Restrict Access to Kernel Logs
│   │
│   ├── Review Configuration Files
│   └── Chroot into Installation
│
├── Install Custom System
│   ├── Install Base Packages
│   ├── Install Unconfigured Desktop Environments
│   │   ├── Install Display Server
│   │   ├── Install Desktop Environment
│   │   ├── Install Display Manager
│   │   ├── Install Networking Capabilities
│   │   ├── Install Multimedia Support
│   │   └── Install Custom Packages
│   ├── Install Bootloader
│   ├── Configure Base
│   │   ├── Generate FSTAB
│   │   ├── Set Hostname
│   │   ├── Set System Locale
│   │   ├── Set Desktop Keyboard Layout
│   │   ├── Set Timezone and Clock
│   │   ├── Set Root Password
│   │   └── Add New User(s)
│   │
│   ├── Install Custom Packages
│   ├── Security and systemd Tweaks
│   │   ├── Amend journald Logging
│   │   ├── Disable coredump Logging
│   │   └── Restrict Access to Kernel Logs
│   │
│   ├── Review Configuration Files
│   └── Chroot into Installation
│
└── System Rescue
    ├── Install Hardware Drivers
    │   ├── Install Display Drivers
    │   └── Install Network Drivers
    │
    ├── Install Bootloader
    ├── Configure Base
    │   ├── Generate FSTAB
    │   ├── Set Hostname
    │   ├── Set System Locale
    │   ├── Set Desktop Keyboard Layout
    │   ├── Set Timezone and Clock
    │   ├── Set Root Password
    │   └── Add New User(s)
    │
    ├── Install Custom Packages
    ├── Remove Packages
    ├── Review Configuration Files
    └── Chroot into Installation