Revision as of 18:32, 26 April 2023

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前言

UEFI 通常是指已经合并的 EFI 标准和 UEFI 标准的统称，但是它不包括旧版本的 EFI v1，也不包括苹果公司（Apple）自己的非标准版本的 EFI。

Target computer

本篇指南主要针对于在启用 UEFI、禁用安全启动（Secure boot）、以及使用 GUID 分区表的计算机上安装 Manjaro 的场景。

对于多系统启动、已经有（或者准备创建）EFI 系统分区的情况，通常需要阅读多系统安装指南。

The steps

前置步骤（Common）

1、下载您自己偏爱的 Manjaro 版本，比如 XFCE, Gnome, KDE, Budgie, Cinnamon, I3, Sway 或者 Mate。

2、把下载好的 .iso 文件烧录到 USB 或者 DVD，请移步烧录 ISO 文件阅读详细刻录指南。

3. Check your BIOS, UEFI must be ON and Secure boot OFF.

4、启动您刚刚刻录好的 USB 或者 DVD，通过 rEFInd - 主菜单选择您想要安装的 GPU 驱动,开源驱动或者是专有驱动

* 通过开源驱动启动 - 
  选择 open-source - free GPU drivers

通过专有驱动启动 -

  选择 proprietary GPU drivers
  from Nvidia or ATI

Graphical Installer

tip

自 Manjaro 0.8.9 版本开始，图形化安装已经支持 UEFI 安装，所以您也可以尝试图形化安装方式，直接跳过下边的命令行（CLI）安装指南即可。

直接从 Manjaro 欢迎界面或者桌面选择 Install Manjaro 选项即可使用图形化安装器。

对于 ESP（EFI系统分区），它将用于存储 EFI Grub 二进制文件，可以在分区步骤中给一个 512mb 分区，格式化为 fat32，并将其挂在到 /boot/efi。

如果您是双系统启动的话，也可以使用之前安装的 EFI 分区。

CLI installer

5-b、打开终端（terminal）并输入：

user $  sudo setup COPY TO CLIPBOARD

6、现在我们就打开命令行（CLI）安装了。

7、选择 1. 设置日期和时间 - 一个简单的配置

Disk preparation

tip

如果您已经使用自己喜欢的方式给硬盘分区好了，那这个就可以跳过了。

* 当您 点击 2. 磁盘分区，将会出现一个对话框 "是否使用 GUID 分区表 (GPT)", 选择 Yes.

按自己喜欢的方式的给磁盘进行分区（手动分区方式已经超出本篇指南的范畴，可以移步这里获取详情）
最重要的一步： 创建一个 50~250MB 的 EFI 分区，我自己的是 100MB (分区代码是: ef00)

设置文件系统和挂载点

After the partitioning is done, go to 4. Set Filesystem

  Mountpoints.
* Important Step: Format the EFI Partition you
  created as VFAT and mount on /boot/efi

note

If you are re-using your EFI partition (that was created by Windows previously (or any other OS), then there is no need to format. Formatting will wipe the previous bootloader. Only mounting the EFI partition as /boot/efi is required in that case.

Installation

9. Choose 3. Install system and wait...

10. Now, go to 4. Configure System and configure it the way you like (username, password, mirrorlist, system-name, ...).

11. When you are done, go to 5. Install bootloader. Choose EFI_x86_64 > GRUB (2) UEFI x86_64, DON'T select BIOS GRUB.

11.1 It will ask to format the EFI Partition you created earlier as FAT32, yes can be chosen.

note

Formatting not required if reusing previous EFI partition.

12. If it gives a error in the final stages saying "efivars kernel module was not properly loaded", don't worry, the system will work fine!

13. If the installer asks you about copying grub/efi files to another folder in order to maintain compatibility in some systems, choose Yes.

14. Click 6. Quit

15. Shutdown, remove the DVD or USB, and boot. Your system should appear now!

Switching from BIOS to UEFI

1) You need to create an ESP (EFI System Partition).

It is a FAT32 partition which has the .efi files for booting, which you can create using gparted or gdisk. (Size at least 200-300 MiB.) Ensure the flags `boot` and `esp` are set on this partition.

You should also install/check whether following packages are present:

1. efibootmgr

2. dosfstools
3. grub

(How to install packages)

2) Create the /boot/efi directory

user $  sudo mkdir /boot/efi COPY TO CLIPBOARD

3.) Mount the EFI partition as /boot/efi

sudo mount /dev/sdXY /boot/efi

X = Alphabet of the drive = a,b,c ... Y = Partition number of the EFI partition = 1,2,3,4...

Example - /dev/sda4

4.) Install Grub according to UEFI

user $  sudo grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=manjaro --recheck COPY TO CLIPBOARD

5.) Update Grub configuration file.

user $  sudo update-grub COPY TO CLIPBOARD

note

If you get an error like:

path '/boot/grub' is not readable by Grub on boot. Installation is impossible. Aborting

Then you will need to chroot as described here, and then perform Step 5 again.

note

{{{2}}}

See also

Restore the GRUB Bootloader

与 Windows 多启动

tip

Some manufactures EFI implementations cause GRUB not to be showed in the Boot Menu, or even if its there it can't be made default.

In such cases rEFInd can be used.

There are two ways to install rEFInd:

1.Install rEFInd from its website (detailed) or install using pacman(preferred):

user $  sudo pacman -S refind COPY TO CLIPBOARD

Files will be present in /usr/share/refind .

2.Or using the instructions on the rEFInd website

Instructions

The refind-install command can be used to automatically install rEFInd (the EFI partition may need to be mounted for this to work). See the Arch wiki for more details.

Manual install

Inside the refind folder (/usr/share/refind), copy the files and folders to /boot/efi/EFI/Boot/.

note

My ESP (EFI System Partition) is mounted at /boot/efi.

You need to copy these files to the Boot folder on your EFI partition, and the Boot folder itself will be present inside the EFI folder on the EFI Partition, so take note of it.

You can check which partition is your ESP using Gparted; find which partition is formatted as fat32 and has size around 200MiB-1GiB.

Can mount it as /boot/efi by

user $  sudo mount /dev/sdXN /boot/efi COPY TO CLIPBOARD

X=a,b,c... N=1,2,3... These depend on which partition your ESP is present which can be obtained via Gparted as mentioned earlier.

Now inside the /boot/efi/EFI/Boot/ folder, there should already be a file present:

bootx64.efi

You can rename it as windows.bootx64.efi Then you can rename refind_x64.efi to bootx64.efi

The bootx64.efi files boot by default, hence rEFInd should now boot by default, and detect grubx64.efi(linux-manjaro) and efibootmgfw.efi (windows) automatically.

note

A folder Manjaro (name could be some other also) containing the file grubx64.efi should also be present in /boot/efi/EFI/ folder, which should contain the grubx64.efi file which will be used by rEFInd to boot Grub.

So it could be like:

/boot/efi/EFI/Manjaro/grubx64.efi

rEFInd would use this file for booting Manjaro.

If you do not have this file or folder, try:

user $  sudo grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=Manjaro --recheck COPY TO CLIPBOARD

to create /boot/efi/EFI/Manjaro/grubx64.efi

另一个可选项：通过 GRUB 链式启动（chainloading）

An entry can be added to

/etc/grub.d/40_custom

menuentry 'Windows8 (UEFI)' {
insmod ntfs
set root=(hd0,gpt4)
chainloader (${root})/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
boot
}

In this case (hd0,4) or /dev/sda4 is the EFI System partition where the Windows bootloader is present.

After adding the above entry, running sudo update-grub updates the GRUB configuration file so that an entry named Windows8 (UEFI) is added to the GRUB boot menu.

论坛相关话题

The chainloading will fail on some hardware (Lenovo Ideapad 110) with the "invalid signature" message - the Refind method will still work.

Extras

Using Rufus on Windows to create installation media

Rufus users can use the following settings:

Click on the DVD icon and load your .iso

* In the menu left of the DVD icon, select DD Image
* Device: "choose your USB" (Attention: choose correctly,
  the device selected here will be formatted!!!)
* Partition scheme: GPT partition scheme for UEFI computer
* File system: FAT32
* Cluster size: "Don't modify"
* Volume label: "Don't modify"
* Click Start, and you are done (takes 2~5 min to complete).

Feedback

有任何问题、建议、批评? 请发布到这里

External Links

Youtube video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36tDZIXn3-k

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 = 前言 =
-  <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+  UEFI 通常是指已经合并的 EFI 标准和 UEFI 标准的统称，但是它不包括旧版本的 EFI v1，也不包括苹果公司（Apple）自己的非标准版本的 EFI。
-UEFI is the commonly agreed on name for both the EFI & UEFI
- standards which merged. It does not include the old EFI v1,
- or Apple's own non-standard version of EFI.
-</div>
 <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
@@ Line 13: / Line 9: @@
 </div>
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+本篇指南主要针对于在启用 UEFI、禁用安全启动（Secure boot）、以及使用 GUID 分区表的计算机上安装 Manjaro 的场景。
-The following guide aims to install Manjaro on a machine with UEFI enabled, Secure boot disabled, and using GUID Partition Table (GPT) disk(s).
-</div>
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+对于多系统启动、已经有（或者准备创建）EFI 系统分区的情况，通常需要阅读多系统安装指南。
-For multi-boot, the EFI system partition which is already present (or will be created), can usually be shared amongst multiple Linux installs.
-</div>
 <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
@@ Line 25: / Line 17: @@
 </div>
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+== 前置步骤（Common） ==
-== Common ==
-</div>
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+、下载您自己偏爱的 Manjaro 版本，比如 XFCE, Gnome, KDE, Budgie, Cinnamon, I3, Sway 或者 Mate。
-* 1. Download your preferred Manjaro version: XFCE, Gnome, KDE, Budgie, Cinnamon, I3, Sway or Mate.
-</div>
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+、把下载好的 .iso 文件烧录到 USB 或者 DVD，请移步  [[Special:MyLanguage/Burn_an_ISO_File|烧录 ISO 文件]] 阅读详细刻录指南。
-* 2. Burn the .iso to USB or DVD. See [[Special:MyLanguage/Burn_an_ISO_File|Burn an ISO File]] for more details.
-</div>
 <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
@@ Line 41: / Line 27: @@
 </div>
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+、启动您刚刚刻录好的 USB 或者 DVD，通过 rEFInd - 主菜单选择您想要安装的 GPU 驱动,开源驱动或者是专有驱动
-* 4. Boot with your USB or DVD & use the rEFInd - Main Menu... to choose which GPU drivers you want to have installed, the open-source or proprietary:
-</div>
-  <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+  * 通过开源驱动启动 -
-* Boot with open source drivers -
+    选择 ''open-source - free'' GPU drivers
-    This chooses the ''open-source - free'' GPU drivers.
+* 通过专有驱动启动 -
- * Boot with proprietary drivers -
+    选择 '''proprietary''' GPU drivers
-    This option chooses the '''proprietary''' GPU drivers
+    from Nvidia or ATI
-    from Nvidia or ATI.
-</div>
 <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
@@ Line 57: / Line 39: @@
 </div>
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+{{BoxSuccess|tip|自 Manjaro 0.8.9 版本开始，图形化安装已经支持 UEFI 安装，所以您也可以尝试图形化安装方式，直接跳过下边的命令行（CLI）安装指南即可。}}
-{{BoxSuccess|tip|Since Manjaro-0.8.9, UEFI support is also provided in the Graphical Installer, so one can simply try the Graphical installer and skip the instructions given below for the CLI installer.}}
-</div>
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+直接从 Manjaro 欢迎界面或者桌面选择 '''Install Manjaro''' 选项即可使用图形化安装器。
-To use the Graphical Installer select the '''Install Manjaro''' option from the Manjaro Welcome screen or from the desktop.
-</div>
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+对于 ESP（EFI系统分区），它将用于存储 EFI Grub 二进制文件，可以在分区步骤中给一个 512mb 分区，格式化为 fat32，并将其挂在到 ''/boot/efi''。
-For the ESP (EFI system partition) which will store the EFI Grub binary, a 512mb partition of type fat32 can be created in the partitioning step, and mounted to ''/boot/efi''
-</div>
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+如果您是双系统启动的话，也可以使用之前安装的 EFI 分区。
-If you are dual booting then an EFI partition from a previous install can also be used.
-</div>
 <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
@@ Line 77: / Line 51: @@
 </div>
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+* 5-b、打开终端（terminal）并输入：
-* 5-b. Open terminal & enter:
-</div>
 <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
@@ Line 85: / Line 57: @@
 </div>
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+* 6、现在我们就打开命令行（CLI）安装了。
-* 6. Now, we are in the CLI Installer.
-</div>
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+* 7、''选择 1.'' 设置日期和时间 - 一个简单的配置
-* 7. ''Choose 1.'' Set date and time - an easy intuitive configuration.
-</div>
 <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
@@ Line 97: / Line 65: @@
 </div>
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+{{BoxSuccess|tip|如果您已经使用自己喜欢的方式给硬盘分区好了，那这个就可以跳过了。}}
-{{BoxSuccess|tip|If your hard disk is already partitioned the way you want, then this step can be skipped.}}
-</div>
-  <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+  * 当您 ''点击 2.'' 磁盘分区，将会出现一个对话框 "是否使用 GUID 分区表 (GPT)", '''选择 Yes'''.
-* When you ''click 2.'' Partition Hard Drives,
+* 按自己喜欢的方式的给磁盘进行分区（手动分区方式已经超出本篇指南的范畴，可以移步[[Special:MyLanguage/Cfdisk_Basic_Partitioning_Scenarios|这里]] 获取详情）
-   you get a dialog saying "Do you want to use GUID
+* ''最重要的一步：'' 创建一个 50~250MB 的 EFI 分区，我自己的是 100MB (分区代码是: ef00)
-   Partition Table (GPT)", '''choose Yes'''.
- * Partition your disk(s) as you want (Instructions on
-   manually partitioning are beyond the scope of this
-   guide, some deatils are available [[Special:MyLanguage/Cfdisk_Basic_Partitioning_Scenarios|here]]).
- * ''Important Step:'' Create a 50~250MB EFI Partition,
-   mine is 100MB (code: ef00)
-</div>
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+==== 设置文件系统和挂载点 ====
-==== Setting filesystem mount points ====
-</div>
   <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
@@ Line 254: / Line 211: @@
 </div>
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+= 与 Windows 多启动 =
-= Dual booting with Windows =
-</div>
 <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
@@ Line 373: / Line 328: @@
 </div>
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+=== 另一个可选项：通过 GRUB 链式启动（chainloading）===
-=== An alternative: chainloading via GRUB ===
-</div>
@@ Line 398: / Line 351: @@
 </div>
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+[https://forum.manjaro.org/t/detecting-efi-files-and-booting-them-from-grub/38083 论坛相关话题]
-[https://forum.manjaro.org/t/detecting-efi-files-and-booting-them-from-grub/38083 Related Forum topic]
-</div>
 <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
@@ Line 434: / Line 385: @@
 </div>
-<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
+有任何问题、建议、批评? 请发布到 [https://forum.manjaro.org/ 这里]
-Questions, suggestions, critics? Please post [https://forum.manjaro.org/ here]
-</div>
 <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">

Difference between revisions of "UEFI - Install Guide/zh-cn"

Revision as of 18:32, 26 April 2023

Contents

前言

Target computer

The steps

前置步骤（Common）

Graphical Installer

CLI installer

Disk preparation

设置文件系统和挂载点

Installation

Switching from BIOS to UEFI

与 Windows 多启动

Instructions

Manual install

另一个可选项：通过 GRUB 链式启动（chainloading）

Extras

Using Rufus on Windows to create installation media

Feedback

External Links