Pacman Overview

Overview

Pacman is a package manager developed specifically for use in Arch Linux. It is used to install, upgrade, configure and remove software (i.e. to manage software packages). Pacman is used through typing commands terminal; all the commands listed below to undertake various tasks assume that you have your terminal open.

Updating the System

Tip

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This should be the first thing you do after installing Manjaro!

To update your system, enter the following command in the terminal:

sudo pacman -Syu

Synchronising with the Manjaro Repositories

Your Manjaro system has a database of all the software packages (e.g. system updates and applications) that are available from the official repositories. This is used to help pacman locate and download these packages for installation. When updating your system, its database will automatically be refreshed as well. However, using this command is more thorough, as rather than just refreshing or updating the database, it will actually rebuild it completely. To synchronise your database with the Manjaro repositories, enter the following command in the terminal:

sudo pacman -Syy

To simultaneously synchronise with the repositories and update your system, enter the command:

sudo pacman -Syyu

Searching for Software Packages

It is also possible to use pacman to search for software packages, both available for download from the Manjaro repositories, as well as those already installed on your system.

Searching the Manjaro Repositories

Manjaro's software repositories for any desired software, provided you know the name of what you want. The sudo prefix is not required for this. To search for a software package in the Official Manjaro repositories, the basic syntax is:

pacman -Ss [software package name]

For example, to search the repositories to see if a text editor called Leafpad is available, the following command would be entered:

pacman -Ss leafpad

Searching Your System

In addition, it is also possible to search for packages that have already been installed on your system. For basic information, enter the following command:

pacman -Qs [software package name]

Otherwise, to gain far more comprehensive about an installed package, enter the following command:

pacman -Qi [software package name]

It is also possible to gain even more information, including related backup files as well as the date that the package was last altered by entering the command:

pacman -Qii [software package name]

Finally, for a list of all installed packages on your system, enter the following command:

pacman -Ql

Warning

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Where using the above command, expect to see a lot of text flying through the terminal for a while!

Dependencies

To list all dependencies of a particular software package (i.e. other software that requires the specified software package in order to work), enter the following command:

pactree [software package name]

Orphans

To list all orphans - that is, installed packages that are not used by anything else and that consequently serve no purpose - enter the following command:

pacman -Qdt

It is highly recommended to remove orphans from your system, as although harmless, they still serve no purpose other than to take up room and resources. Rather than having to remove them one-by-one, the following command will search for and remove them for you:

sudo pacman -Rs $(pacman -Qdtq)

See Orphan Package Removal for a more detailed exposition of this topic.

Downloading and Installing Software Packages

Software packages may be downloaded and installed from a range of sources, and not just from the official Manjaro repositories. However, please note that where installing packages from unofficial sources, you do so entirely at your own risk!

Packages from the Manjaro Repositories

To install a software package, the basic syntax is:

sudo pacman -S [software package name]

For example, to download and install leafpad, the following command would be entered:

sudo pacman -S leafpad

Tip

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many software packages (especially complex applications) will require other software packages - known as dependencies - to also be downloaded and installed in order to work. Fortunately, pacman will automatically detect and install these for you.

It is also possible to download software packages without actually installing them by entering the following command:

sudo pacman -Sw [software package name]

Packages from the AUR (Arch User Repository)

To install a package from the AUR using a wrapper for pacman like yaourt-

yaourt -S [software package name]

See The Arch User Repository for more details.

Packages Located Locally or From the Internet

To install a package already downloaded onto your system (the file name should end in pkg.tar.xz), the basic syntax is:

sudo pacman -U [/package_path/][software package name.pkg.tar.xz]

For example, to install a package located in the Downloads folder, the following command would be entered:

sudo pacman -U ~/Downloads/[software package name.pkg.tar.xz]

To install a package via a URL (i.e. located elsewhere on the internet), the basic syntax is:

pacman -U http://www.examplepackage/repo/examplepkg.tar.xz

Removing Applications and Software Packages

To remove a software package, the basic syntax is:

sudo pacman -R [software package name]

For example, to remove the software application Leafpad, the following command would be entered:

sudo pacman -R leafpad

It is also possible to remove package and its dependencies, provided those dependencies are not being used by any other packages. Deleting dependencies exclusive to a certain package is wise, as once the main package is removed, they will become orphans, serving no other purpose than to clutter up your system. To do so, enter the following command:

sudo pacman -Rs [software package name]

However, Pacman usually also creates backup configuration files when deleting packages. As such, for a more thorough (and cleaner) removal (ie. the package, its dependencies, and any configuration files usually generated by pacman) enter the following command:

sudo pacman -Rns

Cleaning the Cache

Your system cache is where downloaded software packages are stored for installation. Even after being installed, they may still remain in the cache. This is why on occasion it may be found that when re-installing a software package, it does not have to be downloaded again. However, it is possible to clear your cache to free up space on your system (and may be necessary in some rare instances to download and install new software packages).

To clear the cache of downloads that have already been installed, enter the following command:

sudo pacman -Sc

Otherwise, to clear the cache completely, enter the following command (and use with care):

sudo pacman -Scc

For tips on how to easily manage the /var/cache/pacman/pkg for your benefit see Maintaining /var/cache/pacman/pkg for System Safety.

Holding Back Packages from being Upgraded

Courtesy the Arch Wiki

Pacman's settings are located in /etc/pacman.conf

To hold back a specific package from being updgraded

IgnorePkg=package-name

For multiple packages use a space-separated list, or use additional IgnorePkg lines.

Skipping a whole package group is also possible

IgnoreGroup=gnome

Learning pacman's options

It is a very good idea to become familiar with the varied and powerful uses of pacman. A comprehensive list of options that can be used with pacman can be found by entering the following command:

man pacman

To exit out of the list, simply press q.

Troubleshooting

A separate page for pacman troubleshooting is available here.

See Also

• Maintaining the cache for system safety
• Progress Bar as Pacman Eating Power Pills
• Pacman Tips
• Pacman troubleshooting
• ArchWiki: pacman
• ArchWiki: pacman tips
• ArchWiki: pacman performance