Difference between revisions of "GRUB/Restore the GRUB Bootloader"
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==Use root context== | ==Use root context== | ||
When you have loaded the live ISO - depending on environment - open a terminal and switch to ''root | When you have loaded the live ISO - depending on environment - open a terminal and switch to ''root'' context. Use above mentioned root:password combination. | ||
{{UserCmd|command=su}} | {{UserCmd|command=su}} | ||
==Chroot environment== | ==Chroot environment== | ||
Chroot is a method to restrict various tasks to a restricted area e.g. package installation and other system maintenance tasks. Follow the [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Change_Root link] to read more about chroot on the Arch wiki. | Chroot is a method to restrict various tasks to a restricted area e.g. package installation and other system maintenance tasks. Follow the [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Change_Root link] to read more about chroot on the Arch wiki. | ||
Revision as of 18:03, 3 October 2020
Overview
In order to load the operating system, a Linux-capable boot loader such as GRUB, rEFInd or Syslinux needs to be installed to the Master Boot Record (MBR) or the GUID Partition Table (GPT) of the media containing the Operating System. Installations created using Manjaro ISO defaults to GRUB.
For various reasons - it happens the bootloader get's corrupted, erased or misconfigured resulting to a black screen with a failure message during boot, like No boot loaders found in /dev/.... To restore system operation without re-installing your OS or losing your data you will need to use your Manjaro installation media, such as, a CD/DVD or USB Flashdrive.
Preparation
Identify the type of system you are attempted to resque as the commands involved are slightly different.
- BIOS/MBR/GPT system
- EFI/GPT system
Load Manjaro Installation Media
Identify partitions
To identify your partitions and their designated use you need to run a partition manager. Depending on environment there is various tools. GTK based ISO offers GpartEd, QT based ISO offers KParted and common to all is the CLI tools.
More comprehensive information can be found using fdisk (requires superuser) and you can limit the probed device e.g. /dev/sda or /dev/nvme0n1
The clues to look for is mbr vs. gpt and the presence of a small partition - usually the first - formatted with the vfat filesystem followed by a larger partition formatted as ext4.
Use root context
When you have loaded the live ISO - depending on environment - open a terminal and switch to root context. Use above mentioned root:password combination.
Chroot environment
Chroot is a method to restrict various tasks to a restricted area e.g. package installation and other system maintenance tasks. Follow the link to read more about chroot on the Arch wiki.
Identify system partitions
From the above we assume you have identified the relevant partitions on your system and this document will refer the partitions as follows. Partitions not needed for this kind of maintenance as intentionally beenleft out (/home, /swap).
| Partition | Usage | Comment |
|---|---|---|
/dev/sdyA |
EFI system | Required for EFI system and mounted on /boot/efi |
/dev/sdyB |
boot | Optional but mounted on /boot The primary use is when GRUB cannot write to / (eg. f2fs) |
/dev/sdyC |
root | Required and for the root filesystem and mounted on / - usually formatted using ext4 |
Manual chroot
Mount the partitions using the designated temporary mountpoint and always start with root
Then - if applicable - mount boot
Then - if applicable - mount efi
Create the chroot environment and use bash as shell
Use manjaro-chroot
Manjaro deploys a script called manjaro-chroot takes an optional argument which will search the visible devices - scan the partitions for signs of an operating system. If more than one Linux operating system is found you will get a choice of which system to chroot otherwise the file /etc/fstab from the system is used to mount the partitions and chroot into this system.
Reinstall GRUB
One possible cause why you are reading this document - is an unfinished update - which in turn can be caused by several situations - situation we will not dive into. To fix what ever caused this you should run a full system update including grub to ensure everything is in place.
When the transaction as completed continue below using the section matching your system
BIOS System
On a BIOS/GPT system there is no MBR and therefore no place to store the loader. The GPT partition specification allows for an unformatted partition of the BIOS boot partition type (0xEF02). The size of this partition can be as small as 1 mebibyte. The Calamares installer uses a fixed size of 32 mebibyte. On a BIOS/MBR system a part of the bootloader is written to the Master Boot Record for the primary disk.
The device is the disk (not a partition)
Make sure the grub configuration is up-to-date
EFI System
Reinstall grub
Update the grub configuration
Verify the existance of an EFI system partition
Verify the efi filesystem is loaded
Exit chroot
Try loading the efi filesystem
Re-enter chroot
Then mount the efi filesystem
Verify the efi filesystem is loaded
If successfull re-run above installation commands
Troubleshooting
Arch Linux is not recognized
If Arch Linux wasn't recognized after an update-grub then probably your Arch installation is missing the package lsb-release.