Difference between revisions of "File Systems"
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File systems under DOS and early windows on a lot of floppydisks and USB-sticks | File systems under DOS and early windows on a lot of floppydisks and USB-sticks | ||
=== | === FAT16 → FAT32 (+VFAT) === | ||
This is a traditional file system under DOS and early Windows versions. Even today it can be found on many floppy disks, USB sticks and hard drives. It is supported by all types of operating systems and is therefore often used to exchange files, to pass them on, or to keep them accessible to both operating systems in the case of dualboot. | |||
Even with FAT32, this comes not without its disadvantages. | |||
* does not support user rights or xattr | |||
* severely restricted file names (8.3 or LFN for VFAT, no distinction between lowercase and uppercase) | |||
* no files over 2GB (FAT16) 4GB (FAT32) | |||
* no journaling | |||
* not robust | |||
{{warning | FAT Filesystems do not use journaling. Data on such filesystems is vulnerable to irreparable corruption due to ''improper ejection or power outage''.}} | |||
see [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/FAT FAT@ARCH-wiki], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Allocation_Table FAT@wikipedia] | see [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/FAT FAT@ARCH-wiki], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Allocation_Table FAT@wikipedia] | ||
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=== exFAT === <!--T:26--> | === exFAT === <!--T:26--> | ||
Microsoft | Microsoft developed the exFAT (Extended File Alocation Table) in 2006 and optimized it for flash memories such as USB sticks and SD cards. It can store large files and large numbers of files, and it can manage very large partitions. It is supported by Linux, Windows, macOS and many other devices and is one of the most compatible file systems. | ||
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Revision as of 09:18, 16 September 2021
This page provides information on some of the file systems commonly used in Manjaro. It also shows where and how they are used. Further information on these and other file systems can be found in the ARCH Wiki
A file system manages the space on a storage medium (hard disk, SSD ...). It makes this memory available to the operating system so that files can be saved and read again. Each of the following file systems has advantages and disadvantages. They are mostly developed for a special purpose and are therefore used in a certain environment.
Linux
File systems that are mostly used under linux.
Note that many file system drivers are already included in the Linux kernel. You may not need anything else to mount, read, or write these filesystems. But there are packages with additional tools. You may need them to format, check, repair, modify, or optimize such file systems. So if you regularly use a file system, it is a good idea to install the appropriate tools
Ext2 → Ext3 → Ext4
Ext4 is the default file system in Manjaro at the moment. It is the evolution of the most used Linux filesystems (Ext3, Ext2) and promises improved design, better performance, reliability, and features over its predecessors.
If you are using Ext2 or Ext3, you can convert the partition to Ext4. Ext4 uses journaling, checksums and write barriers and is therefore more robust against damage.
Currently Ext4 is fully supported in Win10 and OsX. Support for ext4 has been built in since WSL is included in Win10 (2016).
see Ext4@kernel.org, Ext4@ARCH-wiki, Ext4@wikipedia
Install
In manjaro e2fsprogs is already installed
Tips
For advanced optimizations see the Archwiki Ext4 article.
btrfs
A modern file system with a lot of advanced features. Its main advantage it to be a Copy-On-Write-filesystem
see btrfs@kernel.org, Btrfs@ARC-wiki, Btrfs@wikipedia
Install
reiserfs → reiser4
Reiserf was the first journaling filesystem to be included in the standard kernel. It was actively used by some distros some time ago, but is not currently widely used. Reiser4 is the successor to reiserfs (3). However, Reiser4 seems not to be integrated in the kernel yet.
see Reiser4@ARCH-wiki, ReiserFS@wikipedia, Reiser4@wikipedia, Reiser4@kernel.org
Install
Windows
File systems mostly used in windows
NTFS
This today is used by most windows installs
see NTFS@ARCH-wiki, NTFS@wikipedia
Install
DOS
File systems under DOS and early windows on a lot of floppydisks and USB-sticks
FAT16 → FAT32 (+VFAT)
This is a traditional file system under DOS and early Windows versions. Even today it can be found on many floppy disks, USB sticks and hard drives. It is supported by all types of operating systems and is therefore often used to exchange files, to pass them on, or to keep them accessible to both operating systems in the case of dualboot.
Even with FAT32, this comes not without its disadvantages.
- does not support user rights or xattr
- severely restricted file names (8.3 or LFN for VFAT, no distinction between lowercase and uppercase)
- no files over 2GB (FAT16) 4GB (FAT32)
- no journaling
- not robust
see FAT@ARCH-wiki, FAT@wikipedia
Install
exFAT
Microsoft developed the exFAT (Extended File Alocation Table) in 2006 and optimized it for flash memories such as USB sticks and SD cards. It can store large files and large numbers of files, and it can manage very large partitions. It is supported by Linux, Windows, macOS and many other devices and is one of the most compatible file systems.
see ExFAT@wikipedia
Install
macOS
Filesystems mostly used in macOs
HFS → HFS+
Install from AUR
Others
XFS
see XFS@ARCH-wiki
ZFS
see ZFS@ARCH-wiki
Comparisions
| Filesystem | manjaro | Win10 | OsX | Win9x, DOS |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ext2 | ■ | ▷ ExtFS | ■ | |
| ext3/4 | ■ | ▷ ExtFS | ? | |
| btrfs | ● btrfs-progs | ▷ ExtFS, WinBtrfs | - | - |
| reiser3 | ● reiser4progs | ▷ RFSTool | ? | - |
| reiser4 | ● reiserfs | ? | ? | - |
| NTFS | ○ ntfs-3g | ■ | ? | |
| FAT | ● dosfstools | ■ | ■ | ■ |
| exFAT | ● exfatprogs | ■ | ? | ? |
| HFS | ○ hfsprogs (AUR) | ? | ■ | |
| XFS | ? | ▷ ExtFS | ? | |
| ZFS | ? | ? | ? |
■ = fully supported ● = fully supported, additional tools to install ○ = partially supported ▷ = possible via external tools ? = feel free to extend ;-)
| Properties | ext2 | ext3 | ext4 | btrfs | reiserfs | XFS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| journaling | - | ● ordered | ● ordered | ● | ▶ 2.6 | ● |
| barriers | - | ● | ● | ? | ||
| checksum | - | - | ◎ metadata | ● full | ? | |
| kompression | - | - | - | ●, zstd ▶ 4.14/5.1 |
- | |
| encryption | - | - | ▶ 4.13 | - | ||
| snapshots | - | - | - | ● | - | |
| TRIM possible | - | - | ▶ 2.6.33 | ▶ 4.3 | ||
| xattr, ACL | ◎ | ? | ACL | ACL | ACL | |
| small repair | ● fsck | ● fsck | ● fsck | ● auto | reiserfsck | |
| journal repair | ● fsck | ● fsck | ● fsck | ● auto 3.2 | ||
| repair after power loss | - | ? | ● tune2fs, fsck | ● auto, scrub | ||
| since | 1993 | 2001 | 2008 | 2009 | 2001 |
See also
Wikipedia:exFAT
Wikipedia:Comparison of file systems
Archwiki:File Systems