Snap/ru

Обзор

Snaps является независимым от дистрибутива методом упаковки и распространения программного обеспечения Linux.

Использование программного обеспечения, распространяемого Snap, имеет несколько неоспоримых преимуществ:

• Программное обеспечение, не совместимое с текущими системными библиотеками, будет работать, если оно упаковано как Snap.
• Снапы автоматически обновляются

Есть и другие соображения, о которых следует знать:

• snap-пакеты не всегда интегрируются с системными темами
• snap-пакеты могут потребовать установки общих режимов выполнения, потреблящих дисковое пространство

Установка поддержки snap-пакетов

Для использования snap-пакетов необходимо установить и настроить Snap Daemon. Он доступен в репозитории Manjaro как snapd, с libpamac-snap-plugin и может быть установлен с помощью вашего любимого менеджера пакетов или с помощью команды:

user $ pamac install snapd libpamac-snap-plugin COPY TO CLIPBOARD

После установки необходимо включить snapd с помощью команды:

user $ sudo systemctl enable --now snapd.socket COPY TO CLIPBOARD

Если вам также нужна поддержка классических snap-пакетов - Вы можете использовать команду:

user $ ln -s /var/lib/snapd/snap /snap COPY TO CLIPBOARD

Использование Snaps

Managing Snaps via Discover

One way to manage your Snaps is with the application Discover from the KDE project. You need a special version of Discover that can be found in the repos to manage snaps. This is now installed by default in some Manjaro editions that include Discover. If it isn't, you can install the package discover-snap with your favorite package manager or the command:

user $ pamac install discover-snap COPY TO CLIPBOARD

Once installed you can run Discover and you will be able to browse and install Snaps with a familiar store interface.

tip

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Discover can also install and update software from the Manjaro repos if you install the package packagekit-qt5

Managing Snaps via Gnome Software

Another way to manage your Snaps is with the application Gnome Software from the Gnome project. You need a special version of Gnome Software that has support for managing snaps. This now comes pre-installed in several Manjaro editions. If it isn't, you can install the package gnome-software-snap with your favorite package manager or the command:

user $ pamac install gnome-software-snap COPY TO CLIPBOARD

Once installed you can run Software and you will be able to browse and install Snaps with a familiar store interface.

tip

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Gnome Software can also install and update software from the Manjaro repos

Managing Snaps via the CLI

Finding and Installing Snaps

You can use the command snap search to search for available Snaps. For example, if you wanted to install VLC here is what it might look like:

user $ snap search vlc COPY TO CLIPBOARD

Name            Version                 Publisher  Notes  Summary
vlc             3.0.6                   videolan✓  -      The ultimate media player
dav1d           0.2.0-1-ge29cb9a        videolan✓  -      AV1 decoder from VideoLAN
mjpg-streamer   2.0                     ogra       -      UVC webcam streaming tool
audio-recorder  3.0.5+rev1432+pkg-7b07  brlin      -      A free audio-recorder for Linux

From this output we can see that VLC and some related applications are avialable. To install VLC, we would use the command

user $ snap install vlc COPY TO CLIPBOARD

This will install the application as well as any required run-times. Once the application is installed you should be able to run it from your menu as you would with any application.

Displaying Detailed Snap Information

You can get more details about a specific Snap using the command snap info. For example:

user $ snap info vlc COPY TO CLIPBOARD

name:      vlc
summary:   The ultimate media player
publisher: VideoLAN✓
contact:   https://www.videolan.org/support/
license:   GPL-2.0+
description: |
  VLC is the VideoLAN project's media player.
  
  Completely open source and privacy-friendly, it plays every multimedia file and streams.
  
  It notably plays MKV, MP4, MPEG, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, DivX, MOV, WMV, QuickTime, WebM, FLAC, MP3,
  Ogg/Vorbis files, BluRays, DVDs, VCDs, podcasts, and multimedia streams from various network
  sources. It supports subtitles, closed captions and is translated in numerous languages.
snap-id: RT9mcUhVsRYrDLG8qnvGiy26NKvv6Qkd
channels:
  stable:    3.0.6                      2019-01-10  (770) 212MB -
  candidate: 3.0.6                      2019-01-10  (770) 212MB -
  beta:      3.0.6-341-g18d7d08         2019-05-24 (1020) 212MB -
  edge:      4.0.0-dev-8011-gfdbf7317e0 2019-05-24 (1019) 335MB -

Getting a list of installed Snaps

To show a list of all the Snaps and run-times that are currently installed you can use the command:

user $ snap list COPY TO CLIPBOARD

Removing Snaps

You can remove Snaps with the command snap remove. For example:

user $ snap remove vlc COPY TO CLIPBOARD

Removing Snap Support

If you want to remove support for snaps from the system, you can do so with a few simple steps.

First, check if you have gnome-software-snap or discover-snap installed.

user $ pamac list -i COPY TO CLIPBOARD

If you find either of those packages, replace them with the non-snap versions. For example, if gnome-software-snap was on that list you can replace it with:

user $ pamac install gnome-software COPY TO CLIPBOARD

Next, remove snapd itself

user $ pamac remove snapd COPY TO CLIPBOARD

Optionally, you can also remove the remaining snapd files which would include any installed snaps.

user $ sudo rm -r /var/lib/snapd COPY TO CLIPBOARD