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{{DISPLAYTITLE:配置显卡}}<languages/>
__TOC__
=简介=

在安装Manjaro完整版的时候（比如包含一个预安装的桌面环境、编解码器和软件应用），系统的GUI和CLI安装程序会自动调用mhwd来检测你的显卡并安装最合适的驱动。'''至于是安装开源版本的驱动还是非开源版本，取决于你在安装程序启动时选择的是开源显卡还是非开源悬卡启动'''。
否则，如果安装的是极简'''NET-Edition'''版的Manjaro，就有必要在安装后手动运行mhwd命令。

'''对于新手，推荐使用[[Manjaro 设置管理器]]中的  "硬件检测" 来更换或安装新的显卡驱动。'''<br />
对于中等或高级用户，任何时候都可以使用mhwd命令来安装、重装或删除已安装的显卡驱动，如下文所述。

= 自动识别与安装 =

这是推荐的方式来进行显卡驱动的检测与安装。自动安装命令的语法如下：

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=sudo mhwd -a [pci or usb connection] [free or nonfree drivers] 0300}}
</div>

上述命令中，各参数含义为：

* '''-a''': 自动检测并安装合适的驱动
* '''[pci 或 usb]''': 安装通过pci或usb方式连接的显卡驱动，通常pci连接的显卡在设备内部，而usb连接的属于外接显卡（再次提醒， mhwd目前仅支持pci连接的显卡）
* '''[free 或 nonfree]''': 安装开源驱动 (比如由Linux社区提供的版本), or 闭源驱动 (比如由硬件制造商提供的版本) 
* '''0300''': 表示要安装的是显卡的驱动 (0300 是显卡的ID. 随着mhwd命令工具的发展，其他新的ID将会用于表示其他硬件设备).

例如，下面的命令将会为通过pci方式连接的显卡自动检测并安装最合适的'''闭源驱动'''：

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=sudo mhwd -a pci nonfree 0300}}
</div>

或者，下面的命令将会为通过pci方式连接的显卡自动检测而并安装最合适的'''开源驱动'''：

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=sudo mhwd -a pci free 0300}}
</div>

= 手动识别并安装 =

手动安装需要相对简单、直接地操作mhwd命令。分为两个阶段：

'''1.''' 找到合适的驱动进行安装，然后

'''2.''' 安装该驱动

== 查找可用驱动 ==

在手动安装显卡驱动之前，需要确认目前有哪些驱动可选。通过如下命令可列出当前可用的驱动：

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=mhwd -l [optional: detailed view] [optional: --pci or --usb connection]}}
</div>

不加额外选项运行这个命令，将会列出适用于你系统的所有驱动的基本信息。'''所有显卡驱动的名称都有共同的前缀 (video-) '''。列出的驱动基本信息格式如下:

* 名称
* 版本
* 开源还是闭源
* 连接方式为PCI 还是 USB

通过如下命令可获取已安装驱动的详细信息：

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=mhwd -l -d}}
</div>

信息格式如下：

* 名称
* 版本
* PCI 或 USB 连接
* 描述
* Priority
* 开源或闭源
* 依赖
* 冲突
* 类别ID (比如 '0300' 是显卡设备的ID)
* Vendor ID

此外，添加 ''--pci'' 选项将会仅列出通过内部PCI方式连接的设备驱动（比如显卡）的详细信息：

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=mhwd -l -d --pci}}
</div>

== 安装驱动 ==

安装显卡驱动的命令语法如下：

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=sudo mhwd -i pci [name of driver]}}
</div>

命令参数：

* '''-i''': 安装驱动
* '''[pci]''': 安装通过内部pci方式连接的设备驱动 (比如显卡)
* '''[name of driver]''': 要安装的驱动名称

例如，要安装nvidia显卡的闭源驱动，可使用如下命令：

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=sudo mhwd -i pci video-nvidia}}
</div>

== 强制重新安装驱动 ==

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{warning|use this command with care!}}
</div>

不先删除，直接强制重新安装驱动：

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=sudo mhwd -f -i pci [name of driver]}}
</div>

例如，如下命令可强制重新安装nvidia显卡驱动：

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=sudo mhwd -f -i pci video-nvidia}}
</div>

= 删除已安装的驱动 =

有时可能会需要删除已安装的显卡驱动。类似于手动安装驱动，删除也需要两步：

'''1.''' 找到安装的驱动

'''2.''' 删除它

毕竟如果你不知道要删除哪个驱动，想删除还是有点困难的！

== 找到安装的驱动 ==

要查找并列出Manjaro已安装的驱动 - 包括你要删除的那个，语法如下：

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=mhwd  -li [optional: detailed view] [optional: pci or usb devices only]}}
</div>

不添加额外选项，此i命令将会列出你的系统之欧冠所有已安装驱动的基本信息。'''再次提醒，所有显卡驱动名称中都会有前缀(video-)'''。通过''-d''选项可以列出驱动的详细信息：

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=mhwd -li -d}}
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
This information may prove useful to determine any otherwise unforeseen consequences or problems upon removing a driver. And again, it is also possible to filter your list of installed drivers by whether they are used on hardware connected via pci or usb. In this instance, a detailed list will be generated only for installed drivers used on hardware with a PCI connection:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=mhwd -li -d --pci}}
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
One other way of reporting drivers installed andin use is using the {{ic|inxi}} tool.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=inxi -G}}
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{note|The mhwd profile 'video-linux' corresponds to the latest opensource driver availablefor your hardware.}}
{{note|The mhwd profile 'video-vesa' is a generic fallback driver which should not be used in the vast majority of cases.}}
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Removing Installed Drivers ==
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{warning|use this command with care!}}
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
To remove an installed driver, the syntax is:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=sudo mhwd -r [pci or usb] [name of driver]}}
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
For example, to remove the installed driver for a nvidia graphics card (connected internally via pci), the following command would be used:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=sudo mhwd -r pci video-nvidia}}
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
= Checking configuration =
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
You can check configuration with:
{{UserCmd|command=sudo mhwd-gpu --check}}
{{UserCmd|command=mhwd-gpu --status}}
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
And if needed fix issues with:
{{UserCmd|command=sudo mhwd-gpu --setmod}}
{{UserCmd|command=sudo mhwd-gpu --setxorg [PATH]}}
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Make sure the path to xorg config file is valid.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Note about ati, xorg file and login artifacts or kicad: if you get artifacts upon logging in or if kicad rendering and zooming is slow, try adding [Option "EXAPixmaps" "off"] in the "Device" section of xorg config file. See [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/ATI#Performance_and/or_artifacts_issues_when_using_EXA here.]
</div>

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==PRIME GPU offloading==
</div>

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If your hardware includes more than one GPU card you can make use of PRIME offloading. PRIME is a technology used to manage hybrid graphics found on recent desktops and laptops (Optimus for NVIDIA, AMD Dynamic Switchable Graphics for Radeon). PRIME detects both cards and automatically selects Intel card by default; using the more powerful discrete graphics card, when called, for more demanding applications.
</div>

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In Manjaro this will automatically be available for hybrid graphics systems using intel/modesetting for the integrated card and free drivers (AMDGPU or Nouveau) for the dGPU.
</div>

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You may choose to run a program with a specific GPU, prepending the application's command with ''DRI_PRIME=x'', where ''x'' is the card priority number.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
For example, to run an application using the second card prepend the application command with '''DRI_PRIME=1'''
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=DRI_PRIME=1 glxspheres64}}
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
To use the 1st card (usually when the CPU has an embedded GPU, this is used)
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=DRI_PRIME=0 glxspheres64}}
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
If you want to always run some application with the discrete gpu, you may copy that application's .desktop file to {{ic|~/.local/share/applications/}} and edit the "Exec" property
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=Exec=DRI_PRIME=1 inkscape}}
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Some applications (usually games like steam) may have an embedded option to specify the command line, where it is preferred to use this way.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
For example, in Steam, select a game - that you want to run using your discrete Nvidia card - from the Library page of the Steam client, right-click, and select Properties.
Click the SET LAUNCH OPTIONS... button and specify for the command line options followed by the default launch hook %command%.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
DRI_PRIME=1 %command%
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
To use the dGPU by default see '''[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/PRIME#Reverse_PRIME Reverse Prime]'''
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
= NVIDIA Proprietary (non-free) drivers =
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
If you have a Nvidia card, you have the option to use the proprietary (closed source = non-free) drivers instead of the open source (free) nouveau driver.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
For Legacy/older nvidia cards, Manjaro maintains older drivers for compatibility. In these cases the driver name is different, instead of nvidia it is nvidia-390xx or nvidia340xx, whether in nvidia-only or bumblebee mhwd driver configuration.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
When you install the non-free driver, mhwd includes a Nvidia utility "Nvidia Settings Utility" that can help you configure several settings. You can find this utility in your GUI Applications Menu or start it from a terminal
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=sudo nvidia-settings}}
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
If you are using bumblebee, the nvidia utility needs a special command
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=sudo optirun -b none nvidia-settings -c :8}}
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==Nvidia Optimus==
For Optimus laptops or dual GPU hardware with intel and nvidia GPUs, you have three options to utilize the card driver usage at your preference or your hardware capabilities.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
'''[[#nvidia-prime|PRIME]] (mhwd default)'''
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
'''[[#Bumblebee|Bumblebee]]'''
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
When you install Manjaro with the non-free option selected from Grub menu, or when you use automatic driver installation, PRIME or bumblebee is installed by default, depending on support for your GPU, PRIME being preferred. In these cases, the mhwd driver is named "video-hybrid-intel-nvidia-***xx-prime" or "video-hybrid-intel-nvidia-***xx-bumblebee".
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==Configure The Resolution/Refresh Rate==
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{warning|The method provided does not currently work for the Cinnamon Edition. As soon as a solution is found, then this article will be updated.}}
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
'''1.'''  Start nvidia-settings utility
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
'''2.'''  Change resolution and refresh rate in 'X Server Display Configuration' tab.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
'''3.'''  Hit the 'Save to X Configuration File' button and save to '''/etc/X11/mhwd.d/nvidia.conf'''
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
'''4.'''  Now start your terminal and enter the following command to complete the process:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=sudo mhwd-gpu --setmod nvidia --setxorg /etc/X11/mhwd.d/nvidia.conf}}
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==Configure X Screen settings (OpenGL Settings, Antialiasing, X Server XVideo)==
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
'''1.'''  Start nvidia-settings utility
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
'''2.''' Change settings in X Server XVideo Settings, OpenGL and Antialiasing, in the 'X Screen' tab.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
'''3.''' Click on 'nvidia-settings configuration' tab and click on the 'Save Current Configuration' button.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
'''4.''' Save the .nvidia-settings-rc to the default location specified ('''/home/[your account name]''')
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
'''5.''' Edit the .xinitrc file with your preferred text editor. For example, if you use gedit, run this in your terminal:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=gedit ~/.xinitrc}}
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
'''6.''' Once opened, add the following line into the configuration file:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=exec nvidia-settings --load-config-only}}
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==Nvidia settings for special cases ==
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
In case your monitor is not entering powersave mode (DPMS), try adding `Option "HardDPMS" "true"` in your Xorg monitor section. For example:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Section "Monitor"
     # HorizSync source: edid, VertRefresh source: edid
     Identifier     "Monitor0"
     VendorName     "Unknown"
     ModelName      "BenQ ZOWIE XL LCD"
     HorizSync       30.0 - 160.0
     VertRefresh     56.0 - 144.0
     Option         "DPMS"
     Option         "HardDPMS" "true"
   EndSection
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
After forum [https://forum.manjaro.org/t/display-does-not-go-to-powersave/84004/5 issue]
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==nvidia-prime==
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Manjaro also offers an easy way to use PRIME with proprietary Nvidia drivers.<br>
Simply select and install an 'nvidia-prime' profile through MSM or mhwd (such as ''video-hybrid-intel-nvidia-440xx-prime'') and ensure the package ''nvidia-prime'' is installed.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Then to use the discrete Nvidia card it works the same as [[#PRIME_GPU_offloading|PRIME offloading]] above but uses a different command. Prepend the application command with '''prime-run'''. For example:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=prime-run glxspheres64}}
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==Bumblebee==
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Bumblebee configuration is mainly developed to help minimize laptop battery consumption, since Nvidia usually consumes significant power, while Intel cards are more power efficient. So, bumblebee detects both cards and automatically selects Intel card by default and can use the Nvidia for more demanding applications. 
For an application to use the Nvidia card, prepend the application command with optirun or primusrun. For example:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmd|command=optirun glxspheres64}}
{{UserCmd|command=primusrun inkscape}}
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
If you want to specifically run some application with the nvidia driver, you may edit that application's .desktop file "Exec" property, or run it in terminal like this
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Exec=primusrun chromium
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Some applications (usually games like steam) may have an embedded option to specify the command line, where it is preferred to use this way.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
For example, in Steam, select a game - that you want to run using your discrete Nvidia card - from the Library page of the Steam client, right-click, and select Properties.
Click the SET LAUNCH OPTIONS... button and specify for the command line options followed by the default launch hook %command%.
  
 primusrun %command%
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
* [[Manjaro Hardware Detection Overview]]
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
= Easier way =
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
You may use a GUI version of mhwd in [[Manjaro Settings Manager#Hardware Detection]]
: With this tool you can:
: - install graphic driver
: - switch graphic driver
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UAFGukpEIJw
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
= How to check the driver =
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
 {{UserCmd|command=glxinfo &#124; grep OpenGL}}
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Example output command:
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
'''Nvidia driver''' ( proprietary driver )
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmdOutput|command=glxinfo &#124; grep OpenGL|result= OpenGL vendor string: NVIDIA Corporation<br> OpenGL renderer string: GeForce GTX 660/PCIe/SSE2<br> OpenGL core profile version string: 4.3.0 NVIDIA 331.49<br> OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 4.30 NVIDIA via Cg compiler<br> OpenGL core profile context flags: (none)<br> OpenGL core profile profile mask: core profile<br> OpenGL core profile extensions:<br> OpenGL version string: 4.4.0 NVIDIA 331.49<br> OpenGL shading language version string: 4.40 NVIDIA via Cg compiler<br> OpenGL context flags: (none)<br> OpenGL profile mask: (none)<br> OpenGL extensions:}}
</div>

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'''Nouveau''' , '''Gallium''' from '''Mesa''' ( open source driver )
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmdOutput|command=glxinfo &#124; grep OpenGL|result= OpenGL vendor string: nouveau<br> OpenGL renderer string: Gallium 0.4 on NVE6<br> OpenGL core profile version string: 3.1 (Core Profile) Mesa 9.2.5<br> OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 1.40<br> OpenGL core profile context flags: (none)<br> OpenGL core profile extensions:<br> OpenGL version string: 3.0 Mesa 9.2.5<br> OpenGL shading language version string: 1.30<br> OpenGL context flags: (none)<br> OpenGL extensions:}}
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
'''Intel''' driver from '''Mesa''' ( open driver )
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{UserCmdOutput|command=glxinfo &#124; grep OpenGL|result= OpenGL vendor string: Intel Open Source Technology Center<br> OpenGL renderer string: Mesa DRI Intel(R) Ivybridge Desktop<br> OpenGL core profile version string: 3.3 (Core Profile) Mesa 11.0.6<br> OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 3.30<br> OpenGL core profile context flags: (none)<br> OpenGL core profile profile mask: core profile<br> OpenGL core profile extensions:<br> OpenGL version string: 3.0 Mesa 11.0.6<br> OpenGL shading language version string: 1.30<br> OpenGL context flags: (none)<br> OpenGL extensions:<br> OpenGL ES profile version string: OpenGL ES 3.0 Mesa 11.0.6<br> OpenGL ES profile shading language version string: OpenGL ES GLSL ES 3.00<br> OpenGL ES profile extensions:}}
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==== Checking vulkan support ====
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
OpenGL is a graphics API specification and it has been superseded by the Vulkan api. To check support for Vulkan applications, you can install vulkan-tools and run 
{{UserCmdOutput|command=vkcube|result=Selected GPU 0: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3050 Laptop GPU, type: DiscreteGpu}}
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
With integrated GPU you can select the GPU:
{{UserCmdOutput|command=vkcube --gpu_number 0|result=Selected GPU 0: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3050 Laptop GPU, type: DiscreteGpu}}
{{UserCmdOutput|command=vkcube --gpu_number 1|result=Selected GPU 1: AMD Radeon Graphics (RADV RENOIR), type: IntegratedGpu
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