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| =简介= | | =简介= |
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| {{note|The mhwd command is still ''under development'', and at present is only able to install drivers for graphics cards connected internally via pci.}} | | {{注意|命令工具mhwd仍处于开发状态，目前仅可用于安装通过pci方式连接的显卡驱动。}} |
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| Where installing the full version of Manjaro (i.e. complete with a pre-installed desktop environment, codecs, and software applications), the mhwd command will be automatically run by the GUI and CLI installer to automatically detect your graphics card and install the most appropriate driver for it. '''Whether free or proprietary drivers are installed will depend on your initial choice of using free or nonfree graphics drivers to boot up'''.
| | 在安装Manjaro完整版的时候（比如包含一个预安装的桌面环境、编解码器和软件应用），系统的GUI和CLI安装程序会自动调用mhwd来检测你的显卡并安装最合适的驱动。'''至于是安装开源版本的驱动还是非开源版本，取决于你在安装程序启动时选择的是开源显卡还是非开源悬卡启动'''。 |
| Otherwise, it will be necessary to run the mhwd command manually as part of the post-installation process for the minimalistic '''NET-Edition''' of Manjaro.
| | 否则，如果安装的是极简'''NET-Edition'''版的Manjaro，就有必要在安装后手动运行mhwd命令。 |
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| '''For Beginners, it is recommended to use "Hardware Detection" in [[Manjaro Settings Manager]] to change or install new graphics drivers.'''<br /> | | '''对于新手，推荐使用[[Manjaro 设置管理器]]中的 "硬件检测" 来更换或安装新的显卡驱动。'''<br /> |
| For intermediate and advanced users, it is also possible to use the mhwd command to install, re-install, and remove installed graphics drivers at any time, as illustrated below.
| | 对于中等或高级用户，任何时候都可以使用mhwd命令来安装、重装或删除已安装的显卡驱动，如下文所述。 |
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| = Automated Identification and Installation = | | = 自动识别与安装 = |
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| This is the recommended method for the detection and installation of graphics drivers. The syntax for the automated installation method is:
| | 这是推荐的方式来进行显卡驱动的检测与安装。自动安装命令的语法如下： |
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| {{UserCmd|command=sudo mhwd -a [pci or usb connection] [free or nonfree drivers] 0300}} | | {{UserCmd|command=sudo mhwd -a [pci or usb connection] [free or nonfree drivers] 0300}} |
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| A breakdown of the command used for the automated method is as follows:
| | 上述命令中，各参数含义为： |
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| * '''-a''': Automatically detect and install the appropriate driver | | * '''-a''': 自动检测并安装合适的驱动 |
| * '''[pci or usb]''': Install the appropriate driver for devices connected internally via pci, or externally via usb (again, mhwd currently only supports pci connections at this stage in its development) | | * '''[pci 或 usb]''': 安装通过pci或usb方式连接的显卡驱动，通常pci连接的显卡在设备内部，而usb连接的属于外接显卡（再次提醒， mhwd目前仅支持pci连接的显卡） |
| * '''[free or nonfree]''': Install either free drivers (e.g. provided by the Linux community), or nonfree drivers (e.g. provided by hardware manufacturers) | | * '''[free 或 nonfree]''': 安装开源驱动 (比如由Linux社区提供的版本), or 闭源驱动 (比如由硬件制造商提供的版本) |
| * '''0300''': Identify that a driver is to be installed for a graphics card (0300 is the ID for graphics cards. As the mhwd command develops, new ids will be used for other hardware devices). | | * '''0300''': 表示要安装的是显卡的驱动 (0300 是显卡的ID. 随着mhwd命令工具的发展，其他新的ID将会用于表示其他硬件设备). |
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| For example, the following command would result in the automatic detection and installation of the best available '''proprietary driver''' for a pci-connected graphics card:
| | 例如，下面的命令将会为通过pci方式连接的显卡自动检测并安装最合适的'''闭源驱动'''： |
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| {{UserCmd|command=sudo mhwd -a pci nonfree 0300}} | | {{UserCmd|command=sudo mhwd -a pci nonfree 0300}} |
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| Otherwise, the following command would result in the automatic detection and installation of the best available '''free driver''' for a pci-connected graphics card:
| | 或者，下面的命令将会为通过pci方式连接的显卡自动检测而并安装最合适的'''开源驱动'''： |
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| {{UserCmd|command=sudo mhwd -a pci free 0300}} | | {{UserCmd|command=sudo mhwd -a pci free 0300}} |
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| = Manual Identification and Installation = | | = 手动识别并安装 = |
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| Taking a do-it-yourself approach is itself relatively easy and straightforward using the mhwd command. This should be undertaken in two stages:
| | 手动安装需要相对简单、直接地操作mhwd命令。分为两个阶段： |
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| '''1.''' Identify the appropriate driver to be installed, and then | | '''1.''' 找到合适的驱动进行安装，然后 |
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| '''2.''' Install the driver | | '''2.''' 安装该驱动 |
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| {{tip| Just ensure that you have identified and are indeed about to install the correct driver for your particular graphics card!}} | | {{提示| 你需要确保你为你的显卡找到了正确的驱动来安装！}} |
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| == Identifying Available Drivers == | | == 查找可用驱动 == |
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| Prior to manually installing a graphics driver, it will be necessary to identify what drivers are available for your system. To list the appropriate drivers available, the basic syntax is:
| | 在手动安装显卡驱动之前，需要确认目前有哪些驱动可选。通过如下命令可列出当前可用的驱动： |
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| {{UserCmd|command=mhwd -l [optional: detailed view] [optional: --pci or --usb connection]}} | | {{UserCmd|command=mhwd -l [optional: detailed view] [optional: --pci or --usb connection]}} |
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| Using this command without the additional options will list basic information for all the available drivers for devices connected to your system. '''All drivers graphics card drivers will have the prefix (video-) in their name'''. The basic information provided for all listed drivers will be:
| | 不加额外选项运行这个命令，将会列出适用于你系统的所有驱动的基本信息。'''所有显卡驱动的名称都有共同的前缀 (video-) '''。列出的驱动基本信息格式如下: |
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| * Name | | * 名称 |
| * Version | | * 版本 |
| * Free or proprietary, and | | * 开源还是闭源 |
| * PCI or USB connection | | * 连接方式为PCI 还是 USB |
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| A more detailed list of installed drivers can be obtained by entering:
| | 通过如下命令可获取已安装驱动的详细信息： |
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| {{UserCmd|command=mhwd -l -d}} | | {{UserCmd|command=mhwd -l -d}} |
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| A detailed list will provide the following information:
| | 信息格式如下： |
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| * Name | | * 名称 |
| * Version | | * 版本 |
| * PCI or USB connection | | * PCI 或 USB 连接 |
| * Description | | * 描述 |
| * Priority | | * Priority |
| * Free or proprietary | | * 开源或闭源 |
| * Dependencies | | * 依赖 |
| * Conflicts | | * 冲突 |
| * Class ID (e.g. '0300' for graphics card drivers), and | | * 类别ID (比如 '0300' 是显卡设备的ID) |
| * Vendor ID | | * Vendor ID |
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| In addition, using the ''--pci'' filter in the following example will list detailed information for only the drivers available for devices (e.g. graphics cards) using an internal PCI connection:
| | 此外，添加 ''--pci'' 选项将会仅列出通过内部PCI方式连接的设备驱动（比如显卡）的详细信息： |
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| {{UserCmd|command=mhwd -l -d --pci}} | | {{UserCmd|command=mhwd -l -d --pci}} |
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| == Installing a Driver == | | == 安装驱动 == |
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| To install a driver for a graphics card, the syntax is:
| | 安装显卡驱动的命令语法如下： |
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| {{UserCmd|command=sudo mhwd -i pci [name of driver]}} | | {{UserCmd|command=sudo mhwd -i pci [name of driver]}} |
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| A breakdown of the command used to manually install a driver is as follows:
| | 命令参数： |
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| * '''-i''': Install a driver | | * '''-i''': 安装驱动 |
| * '''[pci]''': Install a driver for a device connected internally via pci (e.g. graphics cards) | | * '''[pci]''': 安装通过内部pci方式连接的设备驱动 (比如显卡) |
| * '''[name of driver]''': The name of the driver to be installed | | * '''[name of driver]''': 要安装的驱动名称 |
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| For example, to install the proprietary nvidia graphics card driver, the following command would be used:
| | 例如，要安装nvidia显卡的闭源驱动，可使用如下命令： |
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| {{UserCmd|command=sudo mhwd -i pci video-nvidia}} | | {{UserCmd|command=sudo mhwd -i pci video-nvidia}} |
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| == Force Reinstall a Driver == | | == 强制重新安装驱动 == |
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| {{warning|use this command with care!}} | | {{warning|use this command with care!}} |
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| To force the re-installation of an existing driver without removing it first, the syntax is:
| | 不先删除，直接强制重新安装驱动： |
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| {{UserCmd|command=sudo mhwd -f -i pci [name of driver]}} | | {{UserCmd|command=sudo mhwd -f -i pci [name of driver]}} |
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| For example, to force the re-installation of a previously installed nvidia graphics card driver, the following command would be used:
| | 例如，如下命令可强制重新安装nvidia显卡驱动： |
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| {{UserCmd|command=sudo mhwd -f -i pci video-nvidia}} | | {{UserCmd|command=sudo mhwd -f -i pci video-nvidia}} |
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| = Removing an Installed Driver = | | = 删除已安装的驱动 = |
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| On occasion it may be necessary to remove an installed graphics card driver. Similarly to manually installing a graphics card driver, two steps should be undertaken for removal:
| | 有时可能会需要删除已安装的显卡驱动。类似于手动安装驱动，删除也需要两步： |
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| '''1.''' Identify the installed driver | | '''1.''' 找到安装的驱动 |
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| '''2.''' Remove the identified driver | | '''2.''' 删除它 |
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| After all, it would be somewhat difficult to remove an installed driver if you don't know what it's called!
| | 毕竟如果你不知道要删除哪个驱动，想删除还是有点困难的！ |
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| == Identifying Installed Drivers == | | == 找到安装的驱动 == |
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| To identify and list Manjaro's installed drivers - including the graphics driver to be removed, the syntax is:
| | 要查找并列出Manjaro已安装的驱动 - 包括你要删除的那个，语法如下： |
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| {{UserCmd|command=mhwd -li [optional: detailed view] [optional: pci or usb devices only]}} | | {{UserCmd|command=mhwd -li [optional: detailed view] [optional: pci or usb devices only]}} |
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| Using this command without the additional options will list the basic information of all the drivers currently installed on your system. '''Once again, all drivers for graphics cards will have the prefix (video-) in their name'''. As with listing drivers available for your system, the ''-d'' option used in the following command will list detailed information:
| | 不添加额外选项，此i命令将会列出你的系统之欧冠所有已安装驱动的基本信息。'''再次提醒，所有显卡驱动名称中都会有前缀(video-)'''。通过''-d''选项可以列出驱动的详细信息： |
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| {{UserCmd|command=mhwd -li -d}} | | {{UserCmd|command=mhwd -li -d}} |