Manjaro یو‌ئی‌اِف‌آی - راهنمای نصب

یو‌ئی‌اِف‌آی - راهنمای نصب

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مقدمه

یوئی‌اِف‌آی نام مورد توافق برای استانداردهای ئی‌اِف‌آی (EFI) و یوئی‌اِف‌آی (UEFI) است که ادغام شدند. یو‌ئی‌اِف‌آی شامل ئی‌اِف‌آی نسخه یکِ قدیمی یا نسخه غیر استاندارد ئی‌اِف‌آی شرکت اپل نیست.

رایانهٔ هدف

هدف راهنمای زیر نصب مانجارو بر روی دستگاهی با یو‌ئی‌اِف‌آی فعال، راه‌اندازی امن غیرفعال، و استفاده از دیسک(های) با جدول افراز (پارتیشن) GPT است.

برای راه‌اندازی چندگانه، پارتیشن سیستم ئی‌اِف‌آی یا همان ESP که از قبل وجود دارد (یا ایجاد خواهد شد)، معمولاً می‌تواند بین چندین نصب لینوکس به اشتراک گذاشته شود.

گام‌ها

مشترک

  • ۱. نگارش مانجاروی مورد علاقه‌تان (ایکس‌اِف‌سی‌ئی، گنوم، کِی‌دی‌ئی و ...) را از اینجا بارگیری کنید و توجه کنید که حتما باید ۶۴-بیت باشد.
  • ۳. بایوس خود را بررسی کنید؛ یوئی‌اِف‌آی باید روشن و راه‌اندازی امن (Secure boot) باید خاموش باشد.
  • 4. Boot with your USB or DVD & use the rEFInd - Main Menu... to choose which GPU drivers you want to have installed, the open-source or proprietary:
* Boot Manjaro Linux ... (default) - 
  This chooses the open-source - free GPU drivers.
* Boot Manjaro Linux ... (nonfree) - 
  This option chooses the proprietary GPU drivers
  from Nvidia or ATI.

نصب‌کنندهٔ گرافیکی

tip
Since Manjaro-0.8.9, UEFI support is also provided in the Graphical Installer, so one can simply try the Graphical installer and skip the instructions given below for the CLI installer.

To use the Graphical Installer select the Install Manjaro option from the Manjaro Welcome screen or from the desktop.

For the ESP (EFI system partition) which will store the EFI Grub binary, a 512mb partition of type fat32 can be created in the partitioning step, and mounted to /boot/efi

If you are dual booting then an EFI partition from a previous install can also be used.

نصب‌کنندهٔ خط فرمانی

  • 5-b. Open terminal & enter:
user $ sudo setup COPY TO CLIPBOARD


  • 6. Now, we are in the CLI Installer.
  • 7. Choose 1. Set date and time - an easy intuitive configuration.

آماده‌سازی دیسک

نکته
اگر دیسک‌تان از قبل آن‌گونه که می‌خواهید اِفرازش(پارتیشن‌بندی) شده است، می‌توانید از این گام بگذرید.
* When you click 2. Partition Hard Drives, 
  you get a dialog saying "Do you want to use GUID
  Partition Table (GPT)", choose Yes.
* Partition your disk(s) as you want (Instructions on
  manually partitioning are beyond the scope of this
  guide, some deatils are available here).
* Important Step: Create a 50~250MB EFI Partition,
  mine is 100MB (code: ef00)

Setting filesystem mount points

* After the partitioning is done, go to 4. Set Filesystem
  Mountpoints.
* Important Step: Format the EFI Partition you
  created as VFAT and mount on /boot/efi


note
If you are re-using your EFI partition (that was created by Windows previously (or any other OS), then there is no need to format. Formatting will wipe the previous bootloader. Only mounting the EFI partition as /boot/efi is required in that case.

نصب

  • 9. Choose 3. Install system and wait...
  • 10. Now, go to 4. Configure System and configure it the way you like (username, password, mirrorlist, system-name, ...).
  • 11. When you are done, go to 5. Install bootloader. Choose EFI_x86_64 > GRUB (2) UEFI x86_64, DON'T select BIOS GRUB.
  • 11.1 It will ask to format the EFI Partition you created earlier as FAT32, yes can be chosen.
note
Formatting not required if reusing previous EFI partition.
  • 12. If it gives a error in the final stages saying "efivars kernel module was not properly loaded", don't worry, the system will work fine!
  • 13. If the installer asks you about copying grub/efi files to another folder in order to maintain compatibility in some systems, choose Yes.
  • 14. Click 6. Quit
  • 15. Shutdown, remove the DVD or USB, and boot. Your system should appear now!

Switching from BIOS to UEFI

1) You need to create an ESP (EFI System Partition).

It is a FAT32 partition which has the .efi files for booting, which you can create using gparted or gdisk. (Size at least 200-300 MiB.) Ensure the flags `boot` and `esp` are set on this partition.

You should also install/check whether following packages are present- 

1. efibootmgr
2. dosfstools
3. grub

(How to install packages)


2) Create the /boot/efi directory

user $ sudo mkdir /boot/efi COPY TO CLIPBOARD



3.) Mount the EFI partition as /boot/efi 

sudo mount /dev/sdXY /boot/efi

X = Alphabet of the drive = a,b,c ... Y = Partition number of the EFI partition = 1,2,3,4...

Example - /dev/sda4


4.) Install Grub according to UEFI

user $ sudo grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=manjaro --recheck COPY TO CLIPBOARD


5.) Update Grub configuration file.

user $ sudo update-grub COPY TO CLIPBOARD



note
If you get an error like:
path '/boot/grub' is not readable by Grub on boot. Installation is impossible. Aborting

Then you will need to chroot as described here, and then perform Step 5 again.


نکته
اگر با خطای زیر مواجه شدید: 
متغیرهای ئی‌اِف‌آی (EFI) در این سامانه پشتیبانی نمی‌شوند.

then you could load the efivarfs module :

user $ sudo modprobe efivarfs COPY TO CLIPBOARD

جستارهای وابسته

بارکنندهٔ راه‌انداز گراب را بازگردانید

Related Forum topic

Dual booting with Windows

tip
Some manufactures EFI implementations cause GRUB not to be showed in the Boot Menu, or even if its there it can't be made default.


In such cases rEFInd can be used.


Refind.png


There are two ways to install rEFInd-

1.Install rEFInd from its website (detailed) or install using pacman(preferred)-

user $ sudo pacman -S refind COPY TO CLIPBOARD


Files will be present in /usr/share/refind .

2.Or using the instructions on the rEFInd website: [۱]

Instructions

The refind-install command can be used to automatically install rEFInd (the EFI partition may need to be mounted for this to work). See the Arch wiki for more details.

نصب دستی

Inside the refind folder (/usr/share/refind), copy the files and folders to- 

/boot/efi/EFI/Boot/


note
My ESP (EFI System Partition) is mounted at /boot/efi.

You need to copy these files to the Boot folder on your EFI partition, and the Boot folder itself will be present inside the EFI folder on the EFI Partition, so take note of it.

You can check which partition is your ESP using Gparted; find which partition is formatted as fat32 and has size around 200mb-1gb.

Can mount it as /boot/efi by

user $ sudo mount /dev/sdXN /boot/efi COPY TO CLIPBOARD


X=a,b,c... N=1,2,3... These depend on which partition your ESP is present which can be obtained via Gparted as mentioned earlier.

Now inside the /boot/efi/EFI/Boot/ folder, there should already be a file present- 

bootx64.efi

You can rename it as windows.bootx64.efi Then you can rename refind_x64.efi to bootx64.efi

The bootx64.efi files boot by default, hence rEFInd should now boot by default, and detect grubx64.efi(linux-manjaro) and efibootmgfw.efi (windows) automatically.


note
A folder Manjaro (name could be some other also) containing the file grubx64.efi should also be present in /boot/efi/EFI/ folder, which should contain the grubx64.efi file which will be used by rEFInd to boot Grub.

So it could be like- 

/boot/efi/EFI/Manjaro/grubx64.efi

rEFInd would use this file for booting Manjaro.

If you do not have this file or folder, try-

user $ sudo grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=Manjaro --recheck COPY TO CLIPBOARD


to create /boot/efi/EFI/Manjaro/grubx64.efi


See also- http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/installing.html#naming

An alternative: chainloading via GRUB

An entry can be added to

/etc/grub.d/40_custom
menuentry 'Windows8 (UEFI)' {
insmod ntfs
set root=(hd0,gpt4)
chainloader (${root})/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi
boot
}

In this case (hd0,4) or /dev/sda4 is the EFI System partition where the Windows bootloader is present.

After adding the above entry, running sudo update-grub updates the GRUB configuration file so that an entry named Windows8 (UEFI) is added to the GRUB boot menu.

بحث مرتبط در انجمن

The chainloading will fail on some hardware (Lenovo Ideapad 110) with the "invalid signature" message - the Refind method will still work.

Extras

استفاده از روفوس (Rufus) در ویندوز برای ایجاد رسانهٔ نصب

کاربران روفوس می‌توانند از این تنظیمات استفاده کنند: 

* بر روی نقشک دی‌وی‌دی کلیک کرده و .iso خود را بار کنید
* در فهرست سمت چپ نقشک دی‌وی‌دی، تصویر DD را انتخاب کنید
* افزاره: «یو‌اِس‌بی خود را انتخاب کنید» (اخطار: درست انتخاب کنید، افزاره انتخاب شده قالب‌بندی(فُرمت) خواهد شد!!!)
* طرح افراز(پارتیشن): طرح افراز جی‌پی‌تی برای رایانه‌های یو‌ئی‌اِف‌آی
* File system: FAT32
* Cluster size: "Don't modify"
* Volume label: "Don't modify"
* روی شروع کلیک کنید و کار تمام است (۲~۵ دقیقه تا کامل شود).

بازخورد

سوال، انتقاد، پشنهاد؟ لطفا اینجا بفرستید.

پیوند به بیرون

ویدیوی یوتیوب: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=36tDZIXn3-k

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