Latest revision as of 13:03, 4 February 2024

Stay safe

This is a collection of options you have to operate your manjaro safely. This is about events that can happen to every Linux user. Please do not underestimate the relevant risks and warnings. You can easily start a search in the Manjaro forum for each of the following points. Then you will get an overview of what the current status is at each point.

Hardware

Hardware tends to break from time to time ;-) . This most often happens shortly after installation (< 1 month) or after the end of the average lifespan (e.g. > 5 years). Sometimes it also has to do with beer, coffee or orange juice.

HDD / SSD

Please remember that every hard drive/SSD will fail at some point and be prepared. Sometimes the data can still be read (then it's time for a final backup). But you can't rely on that.

Power supply

You can simply replace a broken power supply with a new one. If you have been very unlucky, the old power supply may have damaged other things like your motherboard or hard drives when it died. But that rarely happens.

Motherboard

If you need to replace your motherboard, be aware that the new one usually won't boot right away. There is UEFI in the motherboard. This contains the configuration of the way you used to boot. With the replacement, this is missing from the new UEFI.

In the simplest case it is enough to go to the UEFI boot selection. Your UEFI will then search for a suitable UEFI partition. And ideally finds the boot entry for the grub of manjaro.

Upgrade

Sometimes you want to improve your computer without replacing it entirely. If you do this carefully, Manjaro doesn't even need to be reinstalled.

CPU / RAM

Nothing to do.

GPU

Especially when changing vendor, please ask in manjaro forum for help with the right steps.

HDD / SSD

You can use Gparted to create a GPT and partitions on the SSD. You can then use btrfs to add a partition to your existing volume.

If you want to keep your “old” HDD/SSD and have enough space, you can even easily set up a RAID10 .

Software

As a rolling release, the Manjaro software is renewed regularly. You need enough file system space and a way to rollback if the update fails catastrophically. Even when you install or reconfigure a program, a lot can go wrong. Better safe than sorry.

Experienced system administrators say:

no backup - no pity

Update

The closer you stay to updating, the fewer problems you will encounter. But that doesn't just mean installing the updates, but also reading the relevant thread beforehand. Carry out the necessary maintenance work after the update. Then a reboot should definitely follow.

Being careless in these matters can work well for a long time, but it usually takes its toll at some point. The clean-up work usually takes a lot longer than the time saved.

read

Best approach is to read posts 1 and 2 of the update announcement, before updating. That is where potential issues and required manual intervention steps are set out.

If the update thread is only a few hours old, it's better to wait a while. An update in the first 24 hours is only for people who can help themselves ;-)

consider

Consider whether any of the problems described may occur to you If so, there is usually a link with instructions on what you should do. Please read this carefully. Then act accordingly. This will save you a lot of problems.

update

Do the update on the console (tty). The GUIs are all well and good, but there are update situations where the GUI might freeze. This is the first step to disaster. And please do not let your computer go into sleep / power off while updating.

After the update has been completed, check again whether there are any errors or warnings. If so, read the message and see if there is a recommendation for action. If so, act.

If you are unsure, copy the warnings and ask on the Manjaro forum (before proceeding)

reboot

If you are afraid of booting, check if the necessary files are there to boot.

  * kernel(s)
  * modules
  * initr
  * grub.cfg
  (or use maxi to test this)

repartitioning

There may be good reasons to change the partitions in your system. First, create a full backup (we hope you don't need to restore this). Then use a live manjaro with gparted to repartition to your liking.

Be prepared

extern backup

Live manjaro

You need a CD/DVD or USB to boot from. This should be a current version of manjaro. In no case older than 6 months. The desktop does not have to be the same as your usual desktop. For example, the version with XFCE (fast and robust) is well suited.

What you could do this way:

Boot into a Manjaro without changing the internal HDD or SSD
If possible, make an additional backup of certain “latest” data
Determine the real problem using guidance from the wiki/forum
Fix the problem using instructions from the wiki/forum
Roll back using snapper or timeshift
Perform a reinstallation
Import your backups

proven techniques

kernel

Keep at least 2 kernels installed. At least one of them should be a LTS-kernel.

Manjaro Kernels

BTRFS

BTRFS works with COW, checksums, logs, barriers ... to keep your filesystem safe.

snapshots

BTRFS also enables you to make snapshots easily and without wasting time and space. This is the basis for easy rollbacks.

timeshift

Timeshift is very easy to use, and to rollback. It works best together with btrfs.

snapper

Snapper only works with btrfs. But it can do more than timeshift. In particular, it supports multiple profiles. This allows it to offer separate rollbacks for the system and for data in /home or elsewhere.

Gparted

Gparted is a really well-functioning program for viewing the partitions of an HDD/SSD. It can move and resize existing partitions. It carries out all necessary changes so that the file system is preserved as much as possible.

This only can be done when the partitions are not mounted while gparted runs. So you will need to use a live manjaro to repartition your system.

Although gparted works very well

That is not a sensible reason to forego a backup!

GPT

If it is possible for you to use a GPT partition table, it is strongly recommended to do so. Together with UEFI, this simplifies the boot process and is much easier to maintain in the long run.

UEFI/GPT mixed with BIOS(CSM)/MBR boot

Don't ever mix UEFI-native booting and BIOS-compatible booting in one pc (Source of Warning)

encryption

It has been shown that encryption significantly complicates the task of saving a system

So only use this if you really do regular backups and are sure that you can get everything back if you accidentally lock yourself out of your system.

It would be really good if you understood exactly beforehand

At what level it is encrypted
Where the keys are
How to create a backup of the keys

Your sub title 2

{{{1}}}

{{{2}}}

Example codes should be here.

This is Work in progress as of 30.12.2023

Example Link Title example text

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 <!-- TOC shows contents of the page -->__TOC__
-<!-- Example titles -->
+=Stay safe=
-==Stay safe==
 This is a collection of options you have to operate your manjaro safely. This is about events that can happen to every Linux user. Please do not underestimate the relevant risks and warnings. You can easily start a search in the Manjaro forum for each of the following points. Then you will get an overview of what the current status is at each point.
-===Hardware===
-Hardware neigt dazu von zeit zu zeit kaputt zu gehen ;-) . Am häufigsten passiert das kurz nach dem Einbau (< 1 Monat), oder nach dem Ende der mittleren Lebenszeit (z.B. > 5 Jahre). Bitte denk daran dass jede Festplatte/SSD irgendwann kaputt geht, und sei vorbereitet.
-===Software===
-Als rolling release wird die Software von manjaro regelmäßig erneuert. Dazu braucht man genug Platz im Dateisystem, und eine Möglichkeit zum rollback falls was katastrophal schiefgeht.
-====Update====
-Beim Updaten treten umso weniger Probleme auf, je näher du dran bleibst. Aber das bedeutet nicht nur die Updates einzuspielen, sondern auch vorher den entsprechenden Thread zu lesen. Nach dem Update die notwendigen Wartungsarbeiten durchzuführen. Dann sollte auf jeden Fall ein reboot folgen.
-*Update-Thread lesen
-Wenn der Thred nur wenige stunden alt ist, warte lieber etwas. Ein Update in den ersten 24 Stunden ist nur was für Leute die sich selbst helfen können ;-)
-*Überlegen ob eines der geschilderten Probleme bei dir auftreten können
-Wenn ja, ist meist ein Link mit Hinweisen angegeben, was du machen sollst. Bitte lies das gründlich durch. Dann handle entsprechend. Das wird dir eine Menge Probleme ersparen.
-*Mach das Update auf der console (tty)
-Die GUIs sind schön und gut, aber es gibt Update-Situationen in denen die GUI einfrieren könnte. Das ist der erste Schritt zum Disaster.
-*Nachdem das Update durchgelaufen ist, schau nochmal ob irgendwelche Errors oder Warnings zu sehen sind
-Wenn ja, lies die Meldung, und schau ob darin eine Handlungsempfehlung steht. Wenn ja, handle
-Wenn du dir unsicher bist, kopier die Warnung und frag im Manjaro-forum nach (bevor du weitermachst)
-*Wenn du Ängstlich bist, prüfe ob die notwendigen Dateien zum booten da sind.
-  * kernel
-  * initrd
-  * module
-  (oder nutzde maxi um dir das anzeigen zu lassen)
+== Hardware ==
+Hardware tends to break from time to time ;-) . This most often happens shortly after installation (< 1 month) or after the end of the average lifespan (e.g. > 5 years). Sometimes it also has to do with beer, coffee or orange juice.
+=== HDD / SSD ===
+Please remember that every hard drive/SSD will fail at some point and be prepared. Sometimes the data can still be read (then it's time for a final backup). But you can't rely on that.
+=== Power supply ===
+You can simply replace a broken power supply with a new one. If you have been very unlucky, the old power supply may have damaged other things like your motherboard or hard drives when it died. But that rarely happens.
+=== Motherboard ===
+If you need to replace your motherboard, be aware that the new one usually won't boot right away. There is UEFI in the motherboard. This contains the configuration of the way you used to boot. With the replacement, this is missing from the new UEFI.
+In the simplest case it is enough to go to the UEFI boot selection. Your UEFI will then search for a suitable UEFI partition. And ideally finds the boot entry for the grub of manjaro.
+=== Upgrade ===
+Sometimes you want to improve your computer without replacing it entirely. If you do this carefully, Manjaro doesn't even need to be reinstalled.
+==== CPU / RAM ====
+Nothing to do.
+==== GPU ====
+Especially when changing vendor, please ask in manjaro forum for help with the right steps.
+==== HDD / SSD ====
+You can use Gparted to create a GPT and partitions on the SSD. You can then use btrfs to [[Btrfs#Extend_a_volume|add a partition]] to your existing volume.
+If you want to keep your “old” HDD/SSD and have enough space, you can even easily [[Btrfs#Btrfs_RAID|set up a RAID10]] .
+== Software ==
+As a rolling release, the Manjaro software is renewed regularly. You need enough file system space and a way to rollback if the update fails catastrophically.
+Even when you install or reconfigure a program, a lot can go wrong. Better safe than sorry.
+{{BoxWarning|Experienced system administrators say:| no backup - no pity}}
+=== Update ===
+The closer you stay to updating, the fewer problems you will encounter. But that doesn't just mean installing the updates, but also reading the relevant thread beforehand. Carry out the necessary maintenance work after the update. Then a reboot should definitely follow.
+Being careless in these matters can work well for a long time, but it usually takes its toll at some point. The clean-up work usually takes a lot longer than the time saved.
+==== read ====
+Best approach is to read posts 1 and 2 of the update announcement, before updating. That is where potential issues and required manual intervention steps are set out.
+If the update thread is only a few hours old, it's better to wait a while. An update in the first 24 hours is only for people who can help themselves ;-)
+==== consider ====
+Consider whether any of the problems described may occur to you
+If so, there is usually a link with instructions on what you should do. Please read this carefully. Then act accordingly. This will save you a lot of problems.
+==== update ====
+Do the update on the console (tty). The GUIs are all well and good, but there are update situations where the GUI might freeze. This is the first step to disaster. And please do not let your computer go into sleep / power off while updating.
+After the update has been completed, check again whether there are any errors or warnings. If so, read the message and see if there is a recommendation for action. If so, act.
+If you are unsure, '''copy the warnings''' and ask on the Manjaro forum (before proceeding)
+==== reboot ====
+If you are afraid of booting, check if the necessary files are there to boot.
+   * kernel(s)
+   * modules
+   * initr
+   * grub.cfg
+   (or use maxi to test this)
+=== repartitioning ===
+There may be good reasons to change the partitions in your system. First, create a full backup (we hope you don't need to restore this). Then use a live manjaro with gparted to repartition to your liking.
+=== next ===
+== Be prepared ==
+==== extern backup ====
+==== Live manjaro ====
+You need a CD/DVD or USB to boot from. This should be a current version of manjaro. In no case older than 6 months. The desktop does not have to be the same as your usual desktop. For example, the version with XFCE (fast and robust) is well suited.
+What you could do this way:
+* Boot into a Manjaro without changing the internal HDD or SSD
+* If possible, make an additional backup of certain “latest” data
+* Determine the real problem using guidance from the wiki/forum
+* Fix the problem using instructions from the wiki/forum
+* Roll back using snapper or timeshift
+* Perform a reinstallation
+* Import your backups
+== proven techniques ==
+=== kernel ===
+Keep at least 2 kernels installed. At least one of them should be a LTS-kernel.
+[[Manjaro Kernels]]
+=== BTRFS ===
+BTRFS works with COW, checksums, logs, barriers ... to keep your filesystem safe.
+[[Btrfs|Read more about BTRFS]]
+=== snapshots ===
+BTRFS also enables you to make snapshots easily and without wasting time and space. This is the basis for easy rollbacks.
+[[Btrfs#Snapshot|read more about snapshots]]
+==== timeshift ====
+Timeshift is very easy to use, and to rollback. It works best together with btrfs.
+==== snapper ====
+Snapper only works with btrfs. But it can do more than timeshift. In particular, it supports multiple profiles. This allows it to offer separate rollbacks for the system and for data in /home or elsewhere.
+=== Gparted ===
+Gparted is a really well-functioning program for viewing the partitions of an HDD/SSD. It can move and resize existing partitions. It carries out all necessary changes so that the file system is preserved as much as possible.
+This only can be done when the partitions are not mounted while gparted runs. So you will need to use a live manjaro to repartition your system.
+{{BoxWarning|Although gparted works very well|That is not a sensible reason to forego a backup!}}
+==== GPT ====
+If it is possible for you to use a GPT partition table, it is strongly recommended to do so. Together with UEFI, this simplifies the boot process and is much easier to maintain in the long run.
+{{BoxWarning|UEFI/GPT mixed with BIOS(CSM)/MBR boot|
+Don't ever mix UEFI-native booting and BIOS-compatible booting in one pc
+([https://www.happyassassin.net/posts/2014/01/25/uefi-boot-how-does-that-actually-work-then/ Source of Warning])
+}}
+=== encryption ===
+{{BoxWarning|It has been shown that encryption significantly complicates the task of saving a system|So only use this if you really do regular backups and are sure that you can get everything back if you accidentally lock yourself out of your system.}}
+It would be really good if you understood exactly beforehand
+* At what level it is encrypted
+* Where the keys are
+* How to create a backup of the keys
 ====Your sub title 2====
@@ Line 33: / Line 133: @@
 <!-- If you use command, it should be inside of usercmd. You can see below example -->
-{{UserCmd|command=example command should be here}}
+{{BoxWarning|command=example command should be here}}
 <!-- If you use code, it should be like below example(a space before that) -->
@@ Line 40: / Line 140: @@
 <!-- Don't forget to look more templates: https://wiki.manjaro.org/index.php/Help:Template -->
 =This is Work in progress as of 30.12.2023=

Difference between revisions of "Stay safe"

Latest revision as of 13:03, 4 February 2024

Contents

Stay safe

Hardware

HDD / SSD

Power supply

Motherboard

Upgrade

CPU / RAM

GPU

HDD / SSD

Software

Update

read

consider

update

reboot

repartitioning

next

Be prepared

extern backup

Live manjaro

proven techniques

kernel

BTRFS

snapshots

timeshift

snapper

Gparted

GPT

encryption

Your sub title 2

This is Work in progress as of 30.12.2023