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Revision as of 12:42, 15 January 2023
סקירה
Pamac (הוספת/הסרת תוכנה) הוא מנהל החבילות של Manjaro. מבוסס על libalpm עם תמיכה ב־AUR וב־Appstream. מתמקד בהגשת מנשק פשוט לשימוש תוך טיפוח רמה גבוהה של יכולות.
התקנת Pamac
Pamac is pre-installed on many Manjaro Editions but if your system does not have it it can be easily installed. Pamac comes in several different packages:
pamac-gtk- The GTK version of pamac. Includes a tray icon for many desktops.pamac-cli- The command line version of pamac.pamac-tray-icon-plasma- A tray icon for KDE plasma
These packages can be installed using pacman. For example, to install the GTK version, you can use the command:
שימוש במנשק המשתמש של Pamac
התקנת תוכנה
To install packages, simply check the box next to the packages. Once you have selected all the packages you want to install, click the Apply button at the bottom of the page.
If any of the packages have optional dependencies (packages that enable additional functionality) you will see a window like the one to the left which allows to select the ones you would like to install.
After you have selected optional dependencies, you should see a window similar to the one pictured on the left. This lists all the packages that will be installed, upgraded or removed by the action. Once you have reviewed the list, press the Apply button to install the packages.
You may notice this list has more packages than you selected in the GUI. This is because many packages also have dependencies which are packages that must be installed in order for the software you selected to function properly. You may also notice that packages are being removed even though you didn't select any packages to remove. This is happening in the example to the left where you can see clutter and cogl are being removed. They are being removed because they conflict with deepin-clutter and deepin-cogl which provide the same functionality.
הסרת תוכנה
Removing software is as simple as unchecking the packages you want to remove and clicking the Apply button at the bottom of the page.
Once you do, you should see a screen similar to the one on the left which lists all the packages that are about to be removed. You may notice this list contains more packages than you selected. This is because when you remove a package that other packages depend on, those packages are also removed.
העדפות
אפשר לגשת להעדפות בלחיצה על שלוש הנקודות בפינה השמאלית העליונה ובחירה בהעדפות.
הלשונית הכללית בהעדפות מכילה מספר הגדרות, רובן די ברורות.
- Remove unrequired dependencies - This removes dependencies which are no longer required by any package
- Check available disk space - Checks to ensure you have sufficient disk space available before downloading and installing packages
- Maximum parallel downloads - The number of concurrent downloads allowed
- Enable downgrade - This allows packages to be downgraded as well as upgraded. This is important when switching branches.
- Check for updates - Disabling this will stop pamac from looking for updates. In most cases, turning this off on a rolling release distro like Manjaro is a bad idea.
- Ignore updates for - This is a list of packages that you don't want to be upgraded. This is inherently dangerous practice and should only be used by advanced users.
Pamac is also capable of using scripts from the Arch User Repository(AUR) to install or update packages. Please carefully read the considerations in the linked page prior to enabling support for AUR.
If you enable AUR support, you may also select, "Check for updates from AUR" so software you install from AUR won't become outdated. An alternative is creating an account on AURweb and subscribe to notifications for the scripts you are using on a permanent basis.
Checking for "development package" updates will allow updates on *-git packages which are built from the latest source code to also be updated.
The "Build directory" is where AUR packages will be built. Using "tmp" usually will provide the best performance but very large packages may fail to build. In this case, select a location with more available space.
When pamac installs packages, it keeps a copy of all the old packages you have downloaded. This cache can be very useful if you have to install older packages in an emergency. However, left unchecked, this cache will grow very large over time. These preferences allow your cache to be automatically managed based on your preferences.
The first option allows you to set a number for how many copies of each package are retained. In other words, if you have downloaded 25 versions of Firefox over the life of your install and you set this number to "3", only the most recent 3 versions will be retained. Unless you are very short on disk space, it is recommended to set this to at least 2.
By selecting "Remove only the versions of uninstalled packages", pamac will retain all versions of packages you still have installed.
שימוש ב־Pamac דרך שורת הפקודה
Pamac also includes a fully functional CLI for when you don't have a working GUI or for those that prefer to manage packages that way.
איתור והתקנת חבילות
To search for available packages you can use the command pamac search. For example, to search the repos for packages containing the word smplayer:
pamac search smplayer smplayer [Installed] 19.5.0-1 community Media player with built-in codecs that can play virtually all video and audio formats smplayer-skins [Installed] 1:15.2.0-2 community Skins for SMPlayer smplayer-themes [Installed] 1:18.6.0-1 community Themes for SMPlayer
As you can see, this will also show you which packages are already installed. If you would like to search both the repos and AUR you add -a like this:
pamac search -a smplayer smplayer [Installed] 19.5.0-1 community Media player with built-in codecs that can play virtually all video and audio formats smplayer-skins [Installed] 1:15.2.0-2 community Skins for SMPlayer smplayer-themes [Installed] 1:18.6.0-1 community Themes for SMPlayer papirus-smplayer-theme-git 20181024-2 AUR Papirus theme for SMPlayer (git version) smplayer-svn 17.12.0.r8852-1 AUR Advanced front-end for MPlayer/MPV smplayer-svn-notitlebar 18.3.0.r8982M-1 AUR Advanced front-end for MPlayer/MPV + Patch to disable titlebar in compact mode smplayer-skins-svn 15.2.0.r8852-1 AUR Skins for SMPlayer smplayer-themes-svn 17.3.0.r8852-1 AUR Themes for SMPlayer smplayer-qt4 18.5.0-1 AUR Complete front-end for MPlayer/MPV (Qt4) rosa-media-player-plugin 1.0-2 AUR The new multimedia player(based on SMPlayer) with clean and elegant UI (mozilla plugin only). smplayer-theme-faenza (Out of Date: 09/15/2017) 2-2 AUR Normal, dark and silver faenza theme for smplayer. umplayer 0.98.2-2 AUR An alternative to SMPlayer
Once you have identified the packages you wish to install, you can install them with command pamac install. For example, if we wanted to install smplayer and smplayer-themes we could use the command:
If you want to install packages from AUR you use the command pamac build. Sticking with the above example, if you decided you wanted to install umplayer instead you could use the command:
הסרת חבילות
The command pamac remove can be used to uninstall packages installed from the repos or AUR. For example, if you wanted to remove all the packages installed above, you could use the command:
Identifying Installed Packages
To display a list of all installed packages, you can use the command:
Displaying Detailed Package Information
To display detailed information on a package that is in the repos or installed on your system, use the command pamac info. Keeping with our example of SMPlayer :
Updating the System
To check if updates are available, you can use the command:
To update all installed packages installed from the repos or AUR, you can use the command:
Dealing with Orphaned Packages
To check to see if there any orphaned packages (packages which are no longer needed) installed, you can use:
To remove all orphans use the command:
Cleaning the Cache
When pamac installs packages, it keeps a copy of all the old packages you have downloaded. This cache can be very useful if you have to install older packages in an emergency. However, left unchecked, this cache will grow very large over time.
Otherwise, to clear the cache completely, enter the following command (and use with care):
A safer way to remove old package cache files is to remove all packages except for the latest three package versions using:
Other Useful Pamac Functions
To see which package owns a certain file on your system, use the command pamac search -f. For example:
To force a package to be installed even if it is already installed, use pamac reinstall. For example: