Зеркала Manjaro
Что такое зеркало?
В мире дистрибутивов GNU/Linux (и других системах) зеркало - это сервер, на котором размещается актуальная копия программных пакетов дистрибутива, хранящихся в репозиториях (repos). Существуют репозитории, которые поддерживаются администрацией дистрибутива - официальные - и другие. Arch User Repository (AUR) - хороший пример неофициального пользовательского репозитория.
В зеркале обычно присутствует несколько репозиториев, содержащих пакеты программ по категориям, как например, в Manjaro - core, extra, community и multilib репозитории. Эти репозитории будут продублированы с содержимым пакетов для всех релизов, которые может поддерживать дистрибутив. В случае с Manjaro это довольно большое количество, если учесть все различные фронтэнды рабочего стола и оконного менеджера.
В администрации дистрибутива есть сопровождающие пакетов. Они управляют содержимым репозитория, поддерживают его в актуальном состоянии, при необходимости исправляют пакеты. Некоторые дистрибутивы, такие как Manjaro, имеют определенные пакеты, уникальные только для него - например, mhwd.
Почему нам нужно больше зеркал?
Чем больше у нас зеркал - тем быстрее пользователи Manjaro смогут обновлять свои системы. В некоторых регионах мира скорость интернета намного выше, чем в других. В некоторых случаях наличие сервера в вашей стране или, что еще лучше, в вашем городе может существенно повлиять на скорость загрузки.
Как Manjaro узнает, какое зеркало(и) использовать?
There is a file /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist which lists all of the available mirrors.
There is another file called /etc/pacman-mirrors.conf that by default is configured to re-write your mirrorlist in a list with the fastest at the top, descending to the slowest, when the system is given the terminal command:
sudo pacman-mirrors --fasttrack && sudo pacman -Syyu
This is a remarkably streamlined system compared to the ways that it has been in the past for the pacman rolling release system to manage its mirrors, let alone to rank their speed.
Как получить больше зеркал?
I'm glad you asked that question. This is the advice of Philip Muller, Lead developer of Manjaro Linux:
'Some people still ask me how I got 5 mirrors in one week before 0.8.0 came out. It is simple. Just write 100 mails to universities and companies supporting Linux. Go to Arch linux and grab their mirrorlist. Crawl through their servers and get their contact data. Write an email and see what response you get. Here is some more info about it.'
Какой размер базы данных Manjaro?
We are at around 90 GB. Minimum of 120 GB is recommended, since we might have bigger rebuilds, which might double our space need temporally. 200 GB or higher would be better. As an example see also this.
Как синхронизируются зеркала?
Via the following Rsync-Services:
Asia / Japan: rsync://ftp.tsukuba.wide.ad.jp/manjaro
Europe / Germany: rsync://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/manjaro/
Europe / Sweden: rsync://ftp.lysator.liu.se/pub/manjaro/
Europe / Italy: rsync://manjaro.mirror.garr.it/manjaro/
Europe / United Kingdom: rsync://mirrorservice.org/repo.manjaro.org/repos/
RU / Russian Federation: rsync://mirror.yandex.ru/mirrors/manjaro/
It is always recommend to sync from the nearest location. To sync from our own manjaro.org server we need the IP of your server so it can be white-listed at our end. Please mail Philip Mueller directly. There is a recommended script for use with our server, so please contact the Manjaro administration in this regard.
Как попросить организацию с серверами создать зеркало Manjaro?
Write them an email like this (in your native language):
Dear Sir or Madam,
My name is [Your Name], I wish to ask you to please spare me a few minutes to read this letter & consider its contents.
I'd like to introduce you to a relative new comer to the world of Linux distributions - Manjaro Linux. Manjaro is a new user-friendly Linux distribution based on the highly regarded Arch Linux. We are currently searching for mirrors to host our packages.
Although new, we are already one of the top 10 most popular Linux Distributions in the world, as listed in the DistroWatch.com top 100.
Manjaro Linux is based on well tested snapshots of the Arch Linux repositories, and is 100% compatible with Arch itself. We manage our repositories with our own in-house tool called BoxIt, which is designed like git.
Our aim is to create a light Linux distribution which is simple, up to date, fast, user friendly and which follows the K.I.S.S (Keep It Simple, Stupid) principle. As such, Manjaro Linux provides a more user friendly installation process, utilities for managing graphic drivers, and pre-configured desktop environments.
Our repository is at the size of around 40 GB. We have between 50 GB and 100 GB granted on other mirrors hosting our packages. Currently it is possible to sync from the following rsync services:
Asia / Japan: rsync://ftp.tsukuba.wide.ad.jp/manjaro
Europe / Germany: rsync://ftp.halifax.rwth-aachen.de/manjaro/
Europe / Sweden: rsync://ftp.lysator.liu.se/pub/manjaro/
Europe / Italy: rsync://manjaro.mirror.garr.it/manjaro/
Europe / United Kingdom: rsync://mirrorservice.org/repo.manjaro.org/repos/
RU / Russian Federation: rsync://mirror.yandex.ru/mirrors/manjaro/
If possible, please sync from the nearest rsync-service to your location. Also, it is recommended to use a similar script as that we provide for our Tier1-Servers, to sync from our server:
https://gitlab.manjaro.org/tools/maintenance-tools/boxit/blob/master/manjaroreposync
Thank you for your time and consideration,
[Your Name]
Текущий размер, необходимый для зеркала Manjaro
(last checked 2018-05-25 20:14 CEST)
48K ./tmp/core/i686 52K ./tmp/core 4.0K ./tmp/extra/i686 8.0K ./tmp/extra 4.0K ./tmp/community/i686 8.0K ./tmp/community 72K ./tmp 2.0M ./x32-stable/core/i686 2.0M ./x32-stable/core 28M ./x32-stable/extra/i686 28M ./x32-stable/extra 65M ./x32-stable/community/i686 65M ./x32-stable/community 95M ./x32-stable 2.0M ./x32-testing/core/i686 2.0M ./x32-testing/core 28M ./x32-testing/extra/i686 28M ./x32-testing/extra 64M ./x32-testing/community/i686 64M ./x32-testing/community 94M ./x32-testing 2.1M ./testing/multilib/x86_64 2.1M ./testing/multilib 48K ./testing/core/i686 2.3M ./testing/core/x86_64 2.3M ./testing/core 4.0K ./testing/extra/i686 23M ./testing/extra/x86_64 23M ./testing/extra 4.0K ./testing/community/i686 55M ./testing/community/x86_64 55M ./testing/community 82M ./testing 2.1M ./stable/multilib/x86_64 2.1M ./stable/multilib 48K ./stable/core/i686 2.3M ./stable/core/x86_64 2.3M ./stable/core 4.0K ./stable/extra/i686 23M ./stable/extra/x86_64 23M ./stable/extra 4.0K ./stable/community/i686 55M ./stable/community/x86_64 55M ./stable/community 82M ./stable 2.0M ./x32-unstable/core/i686 2.0M ./x32-unstable/core 28M ./x32-unstable/extra/i686 28M ./x32-unstable/extra 65M ./x32-unstable/community/i686 65M ./x32-unstable/community 95M ./x32-unstable 2.1M ./unstable/multilib/x86_64 2.1M ./unstable/multilib 48K ./unstable/core/i686 2.3M ./unstable/core/x86_64 2.3M ./unstable/core 4.0K ./unstable/extra/i686 23M ./unstable/extra/x86_64 23M ./unstable/extra 4.0K ./unstable/community/i686 55M ./unstable/community/x86_64 56M ./unstable/community 82M ./unstable 3.3G ./pool/overlay-32 37G ./pool/sync 39G ./pool/sync-32 4.6G ./pool/overlay 84G ./pool 84G .
Проверьте здесь, прежде чем отправлять запрос на хостинг зеркала
Ниже приведен список, который будет обновляться по мере необходимости.
It is very important that we don't send requests to anyone on this list, as they will consider it spam & could have Manjaro's IP addresses blocked by organisations who's business is to attempt to control spam.
So when you are trying to organise new mirrors DO NOT bother hosters who have already denied us support:
It is a good idea to check repo.manjaro.org to be sure that the wiki is up to date & also if you have been denied a request to post it in the same thread for obvious reasons.
=Управляете ли Вы потенциальным сервером зеркала Manjaro?
If so, here are some guidelines for you to think about, as putting up such a Mirror requires a certain commitment & perseverance.
The Manjaro community is better off not having a mirror, if it isn't kept functioning & up to date. So if you aren't in it for the long run, don't do it. You will only create disappointment.
Do you have enough bandwidth for the job? Do you pay for traffic? Your traffic may increase a lot. If you don't have enough bandwidth, you will end up offering at best a slow mirror, at worst an unreachable mirror.
Do you have enough disk space? You will need 100GB for the repos alone, though being able to offer 200GB would be great for the future. If your drive fills up you will not be able to rsync your mirror, it will become out of date & cause problems.
Sync every six hours. Being a rolling release system Manjaro's repos are very dynamic. So mirrors need to be updated multiple times per day.
Keep an eye on your sync scripts. Make sure that your mirror updates are functioning correctly. Users depend on your data to be all there & current.
Watch the Manjaro forum for announcements re. changes that may effect the mirror/repo system. The Manjaro administration will send you an email for any important changes. Though it often helps to be primed & ready for a change.