Manjaro Difference between revisions of "Pacman Overview"

Difference between revisions of "Pacman Overview"

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= Overview =
<languages/>
__TOC__


Pacman is a <u>'''pac'''</u>kage <u>'''man'''</u>ager developed specifically for use in Arch Linux. It is used to install, upgrade, configure and remove software (i.e. to manage software packages). Pacman is used through typing commands terminal; all the commands listed below to undertake various tasks assume that you have your terminal open.
<translate>
=Overview= <!--T:1-->


''[information required about keyring and signatures]''
<!--T:2-->
Manjaro's package manager, [[Special:MyLanguage/Pamac|Pamac]] ships with most Manjaro editions.  All Manjaro editions include [https://www.archlinux.org/pacman/ pacman], the package manager from upstream Arch Linux.  Pacman includes some advanced features not found in Pamac.


<!--T:3-->
Key points to know:


== Updating the System ==
<!--T:4-->
* Pacman is already installed in Manjaro Linux by default
* Pacman is mainly developed/maintained by Arch Linux developers
* Pacman can only be used from the command line, if you would prefer a graphical package manager please see [[Special:MyLanguage/Pamac|Pamac]] or [[Special:MyLanguage/Octopi|Octopi]]
* Pacman can only use the official Manjaro [[Special:MyLanguage/Repositories_and_Servers|repository]]. There are separate articles available for accessing the [[Special:MyLanguage/Arch_User_Repository|Arch User Repository(AUR)]], using [[Special:MyLanguage/Flatpak|flatpaks]] and using [[Special:MyLanguage/Snaps|snaps]]


{{tip| This should be the first thing you do after installing Manjaro!}}


To update your system, enter the following command in the terminal:
=Installing Updates= <!--T:5-->


sudo pacman -Syu
<!--T:6-->
Update the package database and update all packages on the system
{{UserCmd|command=sudo pacman -Syu}}


<!--T:8-->
Update all packages on the system and allow packages to be downgraded.  Downgrading should be only be needed when switching to an older branch.  For example, switching from Testing to Stable.</translate>
{{UserCmd|command=sudo pacman -Syuu}}


== Searching for Software ==
<translate>


It is also possible to use pacman to search Manjaro's software repositories for any desired software, provided you know the name of what you want. This is undertaken by entering the following command:
=Searching for Packages= <!--T:9-->


sudo pacman -Ss [software package name]
<!--T:10-->
To search the Manjaro repositories for available packages you can use the command {{ic|pacman -Ss keyword}}. It will search both the package name and the description for the keyword.  For example, to search for packages containing the keyword smplayer you could use:</translate>
{{UserCmd|command=pacman -Ss smplayer}}


For example, to search the repositories to see if a text editor called Leafpad is available, the following command would be entered:
<translate><!--T:11--> You can search your installed packages in the same manner using {{ic|-Qs}} instead of {{ic|-Ss}}.  To search your installed packages for smplayer:</translate>
{{UserCmd|command=pacman -Qs smplayer}}


sudo pacman -Ss leafpad


<translate><!--T:12--> Once you have found a package you can use {{ic|pacman -Qi}} to get more information about an installed packages or {{ic|pacman -Si}} for packages in the repos.  Following the example above you could use</translate>
{{UserCmd|command=pacman -Si smplayer}}


== Installing Applications and Software Packages ==


sudo pacman -S [software package name]
<translate><!--T:13--> Finally, for a list of all installed packages on your system, enter the following command:</translate>
{{UserCmd|command=pacman -Ql}}


For example, to download and install leafpad, the following command would be entered:


sudo pacman -S leafpad
<translate>
=Installing Packages= <!--T:14-->


{{tip| many software packages (especially complex applications) will require other software packages - known as ''dependencies'' -  to also be downloaded and installed in order to work. Fortunately, pacman will automatically detect and install these for you.}}
<!--T:15-->
{{BoxWarning|Never install a package without updating the system first| On a rolling release this can lead to an unbootable system}}


<!--T:16-->
To install a software package, the basic syntax is {{ic|pacman -S packagename}}.  However, installing a package without updating the system will lead to a partial upgrade situation so all the examples here will use {{ic|pacman -Syu packagename}} which will install the package and ensure the system is up to date.  For example, to install smplayer the command is:</translate>
{{UserCmd|command=sudo pacman -Syu smplayer}}


== Removing Applications and Software Packages ==
<translate>
<!--T:17-->
You will then be presented a list of software to install.  You may notice this list has more packages than you requested. This is because many packages also have dependencies which are packages that must be installed in order for the software you selected to function properly.


The basic command to remove a software package (e.g. application) is to enter:
<!--T:18-->
Pacman can also directly install packages from the local system or a location on the internet.  The format of that command is {{ic|pacman -U packagelocation}}.  For example, to install a copy of your package cache you could do something like:</translate>
{{UserCmd|command=sudo pacman -U /var/cache/pacman/pkg/smplayer-19.5.0-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz}}


sudo pacman -R [software package name]
<translate><!--T:19--> Alternatively, you could get it directly from one of Manjaro's mirrors:</translate>
{{UserCmd|command=sudo pacman -U <nowiki>https://mirror.alpix.eu/manjaro/stable/community/x86_64/smplayer-19.5.0-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz</nowiki>}}


For example, to remove the software application Leafpad, the following command would be entered:
<translate>
<!--T:20-->
{{BoxWarning|Warning|When using pacman -U it is up to you to ensure that the package you are installing is fully compatible with your system.}}


sudo pacman -R leafpad
=Removing Packages= <!--T:21-->


However, it is also possible to remove both the package and any other related packages (called dependencies) with the following command:
<!--T:22-->
{{BoxWarning|Always review the package list before confirming when removing packages|If you are not careful you can easily remove your entire desktop due to dependencies.}}


sudo pacman -R --nosave --recursive [software package name]


This will remove the dependencies provided they:
<!--T:23-->
To remove a software package, the basic syntax is {{ic|sudo pacman -R packagename}}.  We could remove the smplayer package we installed above with:</translate>
{{UserCmd|command=sudo pacman -R smplayer}}


* are not required by any other package.
* were not explicitly installed (i.e. they were not installed separately, but were downloaded automatically as dependencies by pacman when the software package to be removed was installed itself).


This command will also remove the appropriate configuration files used by the deleted package. Using this command will therefore result in a clean system, free of useless dependencies that aren't used by any other software packages (known as ''orphans'').
<translate><!--T:24--> This will remove the package, but will leave all the dependencies behind. If you also want to remove the unneeded dependencies you could use {{ic|pacman -Rsu packagename}} as seen in this example:</translate>
{{UserCmd|command=sudo pacman -Rsu smplayer}}




== Learning pacman's options ==
<translate><!--T:25--> Sometimes when you try to remove a package you will not be able to because there are other packages which depend on it.  You can use {{ic|pacman -Rc packagename}} to remove a package and everything that depends on it.  Be careful to heed the above warning when using this option.</translate>
{{UserCmd|command=sudo pacman -Rc smplayer}}


It is a very good idea to become familiar with the varied and powerful uses of pacman. A comprehensive list of options that can be used with pacman can be found by entering the following command:


man pacman
<translate><!--T:26-->
The most nuclear option is {{ic|pacman -Rcs packagename}}.
{{BoxDanger|Use this with extreme caution, or don’t use it at all|
-Rcs will remove every package that depends on packagename regardless of whether a package is needed for something else. This could render Manjaro unusable. }}


To exit out of the list, simply press '''q'''.
<!--T:27-->
Pacman usually also creates backup configuration files when deleting packages. To remove those, you can add {{ic|n}} to any of the examples above. For example:</translate>
{{UserCmd|command=sudo pacman -Rn smplayer}}
{{UserCmd|command=sudo pacman -Rsun smplayer}}
{{UserCmd|command=sudo pacman -Rcn smplayer}}


== Troubleshooting ==
<translate>


A separate page for pacman troubleshooting is available '''[[pacman troubleshooting|here]]'''.
=Viewing and Removing Orphans= <!--T:28-->
 
<!--T:29-->
To list all ''orphans'', installed packages that are not used by anything else and should no longer be needed:
{{UserCmd|command=pacman -Qdt}}
 
 
<!--T:30-->
To remove all the orphans:</translate>
{{UserCmd|command=sudo pacman -Rs $(pacman -Qdtq)}}
 
 
<translate>
=Downloading Packages without Installing= <!--T:31-->
 
<!--T:32-->
In some cases it may be useful to download a package without installing.  For example, to install on a different system that is not connected to the internet.  This can be done with {{ic|pacman -Sw packagename}}.  For example:</translate>
{{UserCmd|command=sudo pacman -Sw smplayer}}
 
 
<translate>
<!--T:33-->
The package and any rerquired dependencies will be downloaded to your pacman cache at {{ic|/var/cache/pacman/pkg}}
 
 
=Determining which Package Owns a File= <!--T:34-->
 
<!--T:35-->
It is often useful to understand which package installed a file on your system.  This is easy to do with pacman using {{ic|pacman -Qo /path/to/filename}}.  For example:</translate>
{{UserCmd|command=pacman -Qo /usr/bin/smplayer}}
 
 
<translate>
=Cleaning the Cache= <!--T:36-->
 
<!--T:37-->
When pacman installs packages, it keeps a copy of all the old packages you have downloaded. This cache can be very useful if you have to install older packages in an emergency. However, left unchecked, this cache will grow very large over time. Systems running [[Special:MyLanguage/Pamac|Pamac]] will already have access to its automated pacman cache cleaning functions.  It is also possible to clean them manually using pacman.
 
<!--T:38-->
To clear the cache of packages that are no longer installed, enter the following command:</translate>
{{UserCmd|command=sudo pacman -Sc}}
 
 
<translate><!--T:39--> Otherwise, to clear the cache completely, enter the following command (and use with care):</translate>
{{UserCmd|command=sudo pacman -Scc}}
 
 
<translate><!--T:40--> A safer way to remove old package cache files is to remove all packages except for the latest three package versions using {{ic|paccache}}:</translate>
{{UserCmd|command=paccache -rvk3}}
 
 
<translate>
=The Configuration File, pacman.conf= <!--T:41-->
 
<!--T:42-->
Pacman's settings are located in {{ic|/etc/pacman.conf}}.  This file is owned by root, please see [[Special:MyLanguage/Viewing_and_editing_configuration_files|this guide]] if you need more information on how to edit this file.  A full reference to these options can be found in the Arch Wiki linked below.  This sections features some settings that may be of particular interest to Manjaro users.
 
<!--T:43-->
{{BoxSuccess|Note|pacman.conf settings are case sensitive}}
 
==Enabling Color Output== <!--T:44-->
 
<!--T:45-->
By default, pacman's output is monochrome but enabling colored output can make the output easier to read if your terminal supports colors.  This can be enabled by uncommenting or adding the following line to the file</translate>
Color
 
<translate>
==Showing PacMan Eating Power Pills== <!--T:46-->
 
<!--T:47-->
If you are bored of simply watching lines of hashes while downloading software packages in the terminal, why not change the progress bar to Pacman eating power pills instead?  To enable this, simply add the line:</translate>
ILoveCandy
 
<translate>
=Troubleshooting= <!--T:48-->
A separate page for pacman troubleshooting is available '''[[Special:MyLanguage/pacman troubleshooting|here]]'''.
 
 
=See Also= <!--T:49-->
* [[Special:MyLanguage/System Maintenance|System Maintenance]]
* [[Special:MyLanguage/Pacman-mirrors|Pacman-mirrors]]
* [[Special:MyLanguage/Pacman troubleshooting|Pacman troubleshooting]]
* [[Special:MyLanguage/Downgrading packages|Downgrading packages]]
* [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Pacman ArchWiki: pacman]
* [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Pacman_tips ArchWiki: pacman tips]
* [https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Improve_pacman_performance ArchWiki: pacman performance]
</translate>
 
 
[[Category:Contents Page{{#translation:}}]]

Latest revision as of 09:23, 28 December 2023

Other languages:
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Overview

Manjaro's package manager, Pamac ships with most Manjaro editions. All Manjaro editions include pacman, the package manager from upstream Arch Linux. Pacman includes some advanced features not found in Pamac.

Key points to know:

  • Pacman is already installed in Manjaro Linux by default
  • Pacman is mainly developed/maintained by Arch Linux developers
  • Pacman can only be used from the command line, if you would prefer a graphical package manager please see Pamac or Octopi
  • Pacman can only use the official Manjaro repository. There are separate articles available for accessing the Arch User Repository(AUR), using flatpaks and using snaps


Installing Updates

Update the package database and update all packages on the system

user $ sudo pacman -Syu COPY TO CLIPBOARD


Update all packages on the system and allow packages to be downgraded. Downgrading should be only be needed when switching to an older branch. For example, switching from Testing to Stable.

user $ sudo pacman -Syuu COPY TO CLIPBOARD



Searching for Packages

To search the Manjaro repositories for available packages you can use the command pacman -Ss keyword. It will search both the package name and the description for the keyword. For example, to search for packages containing the keyword smplayer you could use:

user $ pacman -Ss smplayer COPY TO CLIPBOARD


You can search your installed packages in the same manner using -Qs instead of -Ss. To search your installed packages for smplayer:

user $ pacman -Qs smplayer COPY TO CLIPBOARD



Once you have found a package you can use pacman -Qi to get more information about an installed packages or pacman -Si for packages in the repos. Following the example above you could use

user $ pacman -Si smplayer COPY TO CLIPBOARD



Finally, for a list of all installed packages on your system, enter the following command:

user $ pacman -Ql COPY TO CLIPBOARD



Installing Packages

Never install a package without updating the system first
On a rolling release this can lead to an unbootable system

To install a software package, the basic syntax is pacman -S packagename. However, installing a package without updating the system will lead to a partial upgrade situation so all the examples here will use pacman -Syu packagename which will install the package and ensure the system is up to date. For example, to install smplayer the command is:

user $ sudo pacman -Syu smplayer COPY TO CLIPBOARD


You will then be presented a list of software to install. You may notice this list has more packages than you requested. This is because many packages also have dependencies which are packages that must be installed in order for the software you selected to function properly.

Pacman can also directly install packages from the local system or a location on the internet. The format of that command is pacman -U packagelocation. For example, to install a copy of your package cache you could do something like:

user $ sudo pacman -U /var/cache/pacman/pkg/smplayer-19.5.0-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz COPY TO CLIPBOARD


Alternatively, you could get it directly from one of Manjaro's mirrors:

user $ sudo pacman -U https://mirror.alpix.eu/manjaro/stable/community/x86_64/smplayer-19.5.0-1-x86_64.pkg.tar.xz COPY TO CLIPBOARD



Warning
When using pacman -U it is up to you to ensure that the package you are installing is fully compatible with your system.

Removing Packages

Always review the package list before confirming when removing packages
If you are not careful you can easily remove your entire desktop due to dependencies.


To remove a software package, the basic syntax is sudo pacman -R packagename. We could remove the smplayer package we installed above with:

user $ sudo pacman -R smplayer COPY TO CLIPBOARD



This will remove the package, but will leave all the dependencies behind. If you also want to remove the unneeded dependencies you could use pacman -Rsu packagename as seen in this example:

user $ sudo pacman -Rsu smplayer COPY TO CLIPBOARD



Sometimes when you try to remove a package you will not be able to because there are other packages which depend on it. You can use pacman -Rc packagename to remove a package and everything that depends on it. Be careful to heed the above warning when using this option.

user $ sudo pacman -Rc smplayer COPY TO CLIPBOARD



The most nuclear option is pacman -Rcs packagename.

Use this with extreme caution, or don’t use it at all
-Rcs will remove every package that depends on packagename regardless of whether a package is needed for something else. This could render Manjaro unusable.

Pacman usually also creates backup configuration files when deleting packages. To remove those, you can add n to any of the examples above. For example:

user $ sudo pacman -Rn smplayer COPY TO CLIPBOARD


user $ sudo pacman -Rsun smplayer COPY TO CLIPBOARD


user $ sudo pacman -Rcn smplayer COPY TO CLIPBOARD



Viewing and Removing Orphans

To list all orphans, installed packages that are not used by anything else and should no longer be needed:

user $ pacman -Qdt COPY TO CLIPBOARD



To remove all the orphans:

user $ sudo pacman -Rs $(pacman -Qdtq) COPY TO CLIPBOARD



Downloading Packages without Installing

In some cases it may be useful to download a package without installing. For example, to install on a different system that is not connected to the internet. This can be done with pacman -Sw packagename. For example:

user $ sudo pacman -Sw smplayer COPY TO CLIPBOARD



The package and any rerquired dependencies will be downloaded to your pacman cache at /var/cache/pacman/pkg


Determining which Package Owns a File

It is often useful to understand which package installed a file on your system. This is easy to do with pacman using pacman -Qo /path/to/filename. For example:

user $ pacman -Qo /usr/bin/smplayer COPY TO CLIPBOARD



Cleaning the Cache

When pacman installs packages, it keeps a copy of all the old packages you have downloaded. This cache can be very useful if you have to install older packages in an emergency. However, left unchecked, this cache will grow very large over time. Systems running Pamac will already have access to its automated pacman cache cleaning functions. It is also possible to clean them manually using pacman.

To clear the cache of packages that are no longer installed, enter the following command:

user $ sudo pacman -Sc COPY TO CLIPBOARD



Otherwise, to clear the cache completely, enter the following command (and use with care):

user $ sudo pacman -Scc COPY TO CLIPBOARD



A safer way to remove old package cache files is to remove all packages except for the latest three package versions using paccache:

user $ paccache -rvk3 COPY TO CLIPBOARD



The Configuration File, pacman.conf

Pacman's settings are located in /etc/pacman.conf. This file is owned by root, please see this guide if you need more information on how to edit this file. A full reference to these options can be found in the Arch Wiki linked below. This sections features some settings that may be of particular interest to Manjaro users.


Note
pacman.conf settings are case sensitive

Enabling Color Output

By default, pacman's output is monochrome but enabling colored output can make the output easier to read if your terminal supports colors. This can be enabled by uncommenting or adding the following line to the file 

Color

Showing PacMan Eating Power Pills

If you are bored of simply watching lines of hashes while downloading software packages in the terminal, why not change the progress bar to Pacman eating power pills instead? To enable this, simply add the line: 

ILoveCandy

Troubleshooting

A separate page for pacman troubleshooting is available here.


See Also

Retrieved from "https://wiki.manjaro.org/index.php?title=Pacman_Overview&oldid=49893"
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